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OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempts as well as suicide attempts' associated factors among street-involved youth in southern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study was conducted with street-involved adolescents and children from Porto Alegre and Rio Grande, Brazil. METHODS: A respondent-driven sampling strategy was used to access this hard-to-reach population quickly and efficiently. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted, with the latter being binary logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of suicide attempts was 16.3%, while the frequency of suicidal ideation was 30.9%. Most participants were male, aged between 16 and 18 years, with no ties to school and family. Almost half of the sample had been in a street situation for five years or more, and two-thirds reported spending more than seven hours a day on the streets. Variables independently associated with suicide attempts were aged 19-21 years old, with reduced ties with school and family, having had an experience of sexual abuse, and lifetime use of crack. CONCLUSIONS: Public policies targeting the strengthening ties of street-involved children, adolescents, and youth with school and family might reduce their vulnerability to threats, such as sexual abuse and use of crack, and hence focus on decreasing suicide attempts.

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Resumo O Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) confere bolsas de produtividade em pesquisa (PQ) aos profissionais que preenchem determinados critérios. A identificação do perfil dos bolsistas PQ das mais variadas áreas do conhecimento é importante tanto para a elaboração de um mapeamento geral sobre a área como um todo quanto para a elaboração de políticas que visem a incrementar o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em subáreas ou locais específicos. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o perfil dos bolsistas PQ do CNPq atuantes na Psicologia, considerando o triênio concluído em 2014. A amostra foi composta pelos currículos de 338 bolsistas de produtividade que atuam na Psicologia. Os dados obtidos a partir deste levantamento indicaram que seis entre cada 10 bolsistas PQ que atuam na área da Psicologia estão concentradas no estrato 2 e que apenas 10 universidades concentram 56,7% dos pesquisadores contemplados com bolsas PQ. Ainda há uma centralização na região Sudeste, que recebe 55,3% das bolsas e apresenta a maior proporção de bolsas PQ por habitantes do país. Os bolsistas atuam majoritariamente em universidades públicas, principalmente federais, e são em sua maioria mulheres. Além disso, Psicologia Social, Psicologia do Desenvolvimento Humano e Tratamento e Prevenção Psicológica são as áreas de atuação mais recorrentes entre os pesquisadores que recebem bolsas PQ. A identificação de desigualdades regionais, de concentração de bolsas em poucas instituições e de disparidades de gênero, por exemplo, pode contribuir para que algumas questões relativas à distribuição de recursos sejam reavaliadas.(AU)

Abstract The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) provides research productivity grants (PQ) to professionals who meet certain criteria. Identifying the profile of PQ scholars from different fields of knowledge is important for the development of a broad mapping of the field and for the development of policies aimed at boosting scientific and technological development in sub-areas or specific locations. The goal of this study is to analyze the profile of CNPq PQ fellows working in Psychology, considering the three-year period concluded in 2014. The sample consisted of curricula from 338 productivity fellows working in Psychology. The data obtained from this survey indicated that six out of every 10 PQ fellows working in the field of Psychology are located on the layer 2 and that only 10 universities concentrate 56.7% of researchers awarded with PQ grants. There is still a high concentration in the Southeast, which receives 55.3% of grants and presents the highest proportion of PQ grants per inhabitants in Brazil. Fellows work mostly in public universities, mainly federal, and are mostly women. Moreover, Social Psychology, Developmental Psychology and Psychological Treatment and Prevention are the most frequent fields among researchers who receive PQ grants. The identification of regional inequalities, concentration of grants in only a few institutions and also gender disparities, for example, can contribute so that questions regarding resource distribution can be reassessed.(AU)

Resumen El Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) ofrece becas de productividad en investigación (PQ) a los investigadores que cumplen con ciertos criterios. Identificar el perfil de los becarios PQ de diferentes campos del conocimiento es importante para un mapeo general del área de estudio, y para la formulación de políticas destinadas a estimular el desarrollo científico y tecnológico en sub-áreas o lugares específicos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el perfil de los becarios PQ del CNPq que trabajan en psicología, teniendo en cuenta el período de tres años completado en 2014. La muestra fue compuesta por los currículos de 338 becarios PQ que trabajan en psicología. Los datos obtenidos de este estudio indicaron que seis de cada 10 becarios PQ que trabajan en el campo de la psicología se centran en la capa 2, y que solo 10 universidades concentran el 56,7% de los investigadores galardonados con becas PQ. Todavía hay una centralización en el sudeste, que recibe el 55,3% de las becas y tiene la mayor proporción de becas PQ por habitantes del país. Los becarios trabajan principalmente en universidades públicas, la mayor parte federales, y son en su mayoría mujeres. Además, Psicología Social, Psicología del Desarrollo Humano y Tratamiento y Prevención Psicológica, son las áreas más frecuentes de atención entre los investigadores que reciben becas PQ. La identificación de las desigualdades regionales, de la concentración de las becas en unas pocas instituciones, y de las disparidades de género, por ejemplo, puede contribuir a reevaluar la distribución de los recursos.(AU)

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The goal of this study was to examine demographic and individual difference variables that predict level of prosocial moral judgment and self-reported prosocial behavior and to test mediating or moderating relations among predictors. The relations of prosocial moral reasoning and self-reported prosocial behavior to perspective taking, sympathy, age, sociometric status, and gender-role orientation were examined with a sample of 149 Brazilian adolescents who completed a series of questionnaire measures. Prosocial moral judgment was expected to be predicted by both sympathy and perspective taking, whereas sympathy or prosocial moral judgment was expected to mediate the relations of femininity and perspective taking to prosocial behavior. Self-reported perspective taking and sympathy interacted when predicting prosocial moral judgment; adolescents who were high in either sympathy or perspective taking (or both) scored high in prosocial moral reasoning. A feminine orientation predicted sympathy and perspective taking, perspective taking predicted prosocial moral reasoning and sympathy, and sympathy had both direct and indirect paths (through moral judgment) to prosocial behavior. The findings generally were consistent with the contention that both the tendency to take others' perspectives and to sympathize are related to level of prosocial moral reasoning, which in turn motivates prosocial behavior. Moreover, patterns of correlations among variables were similar to those found in the United States.

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OBJECTIVES: It has been proposed that homeless street girls are more likely to be from dysfunctional families and exhibit psychological distress than homeless street boys, reflecting cultural factors that result in differential norms for male and female behavior. The current analysis examined whether male and female street youth in a mid-sized Brazilian city differed in their family circumstances and day-to-day functioning on the street. METHODS: The opportunity sample consisted of 33 male (mean age 14.3, range 10-17 years) and 33 female (mean age 14.6, range 11-18 years) street youth who participated in a sentence completion task and structured interview examining family experiences and ability to meet daily needs on the street. RESULTS: Consistent with the cultural hypothesis, girls described more negative family backgrounds than boys (e.g., they were more likely to have left home because of conflict or abuse, and reported more negative relationships with their parents). However, girls' functioning on the street was similar to, and in some cases more positive than, that of boys (e.g., fewer girls reported police violence and begging to earn money). CONCLUSIONS: The few gender differences that emerged in this study offer little support for the cultural hypothesis. The findings make sense if local factors, such as services available for male and female youth and public response to street youth, are considered. It appears that street youth differ in their experiences depending on local circumstances, highlighting the need for caution in generalizing about the situation of street youth in different countries.

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