Assuntos
Diversidade Cultural , Economia , Política , Grupos Populacionais , Relações Raciais , Responsabilidade Social , Região do Caribe/etnologia , Economia/história , Economia/legislação & jurisprudência , História do Século XX , Humanos , Dinâmica Populacional/história , Grupos Populacionais/educação , Grupos Populacionais/etnologia , Grupos Populacionais/história , Grupos Populacionais/legislação & jurisprudência , Grupos Populacionais/psicologia , Relações Raciais/história , Relações Raciais/legislação & jurisprudência , Relações Raciais/psicologia , Mudança Social/história , Justiça Social/economia , Justiça Social/educação , Justiça Social/história , Justiça Social/legislação & jurisprudência , Justiça Social/psicologia , Trinidad e Tobago/etnologiaRESUMO
Research on child behavior problems requires standardized methodology in order to identify similarities and differences between societies. The present study compared parent-reported behavior problems of 360 Jamaican and 946 U.S. children aged 6 to 11. It revealed few differences in individual, total, internalizing (e.g., depression), and externalizing (e.g., fighting) problem scores as a function of nationality, gender, or age. Findings from this and other studies indicate the feasibility of a common methodology in cross-national studies of children's problems, but also the need for further refinement.
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/epidemiologia , Comparação Transcultural , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , Incidência , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Masculino , Determinação da Personalidade , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Although several factors determine whether children receive psychological intervention, cultural determinants may be particularly influential. Cultural factors may influence adults' levels of concern over child psychopathology. This possibility was explored by comparing adult attitudes in two socioculturally different societies. Jamaican and American parents, teachers, and clinicians (total N = 382) judged vignettes of two children, one with overcontrolled (e.g., fearfulness) and one with undercontrolled (e.g., fighting) problems. Regression analyses revealed that although years of education affected some adult ratings, culture had the most profound effect.
Assuntos
Atitude , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Valores Sociais , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Child behavior problems and corresponding clinic referral patterns may be significantly influenced by cultural factors. Prevailing values and childrearing practices within a culture may discourage development of some child problems while fostering others. We explored this possibility, focusing on clinic referral problems of two different societies: (a) Jamaica, where the Afro-British culture discourages child aggression and other undercontrolled behavior and possibly fosters inhibition and other overcontrolled behavior, and (b) the United States, where undercontrolled child behavior is seemingly more generally accepted. We coded clinic-referred problems listed by parents of Jamaican and American youngsters (N = 720). Cross-cultural differences were striking: Overcontrolled problems were noted more often for Jamaican than American youngsters, whereas the converse was true for undercontrolled problems. These and other findings suggest that factors such as culture and sex may be linked to substantial differences in the problems for which youngsters of different countries are treated in clinics.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Educação Infantil , Comparação Transcultural , Controle Interno-Externo , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , Encaminhamento e Consulta/tendências , Adolescente , Criança , Humanos , Jamaica , Fatores de Risco , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Nicotiana , Antipirina , Abuso de Maconha , Taxa de Depuração MetabólicaRESUMO
Clinical observation suggests that cannabis is implicated in some types of psychiatric disturbance. A record of admissions to two urban and four rural hospitals in Jamaica is examined along with details of individual cases. One-third of male admissions to the psychiatric hospital have used cannabis. Of 74 males admitted to another psychiatric service over a 12-month period, 29 had used cannabis. Ten of these patients were diagnosed as "ganja psychosis," and four others were classified as "marijuana-modified mania." At another psychiatric service, 54 of 223 admissions (24.2%) for functional psychosis presented with cannabis usage as a comtributory factor. These 54 patients included 14 and seven cases of hypomanic and depressive reactions, respectively. At three other rural general hospitals, psychiatric admissions for psychosis showed 11 of 51, seven of 18, and 39 of 75 patients, respectively, in whom cannabis was considered directly responsible. These findings lend support to the idea of causation of illness or modification of existing illness. The negative findings of controlled studies in the same country are not inconsistent. A suggested classification for adverse reactions to cannabis offered by one author is recommended, because it is in accord with common local clinical experience.