RESUMO
Low pathogenicity avian influenza (H5N2) virus was detected in poultry in the Dominican Republic in 2007 and re-emerged in 2017. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis show introduction of an H5N2 virus lineage from Mexico into poultry in the Dominican Republic, then divergence into 3 distinct genetic subgroups during 2007-2019.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N2 , Influenza Aviária , Doenças das Aves Domésticas , Animais , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , México , Filogenia , Aves Domésticas , VirulênciaRESUMO
In late 2016, an H7N6 low pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak occurred in domestic turkeys in Central Chile. We characterized the genetic and antigenic properties of the outbreak virus and its experimental transmission in chickens. Our studies demonstrate that the outbreak virus is a reassortment of genes identified from Chilean wild bird viruses between 2013 and 2017 and displays molecular adaptations to poultry and antiviral resistance to adamantanes. Further, these wild bird viruses are also able to transmit in experimentally infected chickens highlighting the need for continued surveillance and improvement of biosecurity in poultry farms.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Aviária/epidemiologia , Influenza Aviária/virologia , Vírus Reordenados/classificação , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificação , Adamantano/farmacologia , Adaptação Biológica , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Chile/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Viral , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/imunologia , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Vírus Reordenados/imunologia , PerusRESUMO
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important diseases of poultry, negatively affecting poultry production worldwide. The disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Avulavirus, family Paramyxoviridae. Although all NDV isolates characterized to date belong to a single serotype of APMV-1, significant genetic diversity has been described between different NDV isolates. Here we present the complete genome sequence and the clinicopathological characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolate (NDV-Peru/08) obtained from poultry during an outbreak of ND in Peru in 2008. Phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis of the evolutionary distances between NDV-Peru/08 and other isolates representing established NDV genotypes revealed the existence of large genomic and amino differences that clearly distinguish this isolate from viruses of typical NDV genotypes. Although NDV-Peru/08 is a genetically distinct virus, pathogenesis studies conducted with chickens revealed that NDV-Peru/08 infection results in clinical signs characteristic of velogenic viscerotropic NDV strains. Additionally, vaccination studies have shown that an inactivated NDV-LaSota/46 vaccine conferred full protection from NDV-Peru/08-induced clinical disease and mortality. This represents the first complete characterization of a virulent NDV isolate from South America.