RESUMO

Abstract Diverse microorganisms are living as endophytes in plant tissues and as epiphytes on plant surfaces in nature. Commercial formulations of bacteria antagonist to plant pathogenic microbes and ice nucleation active bacteria have been utilized as an environmentally safe method to manage plant disease and to prevent frost damage respectively. Bacteria were isolated from the leaf and sheath of sugarcane (CP69-1026 CP57-614, CP48-103, CP73-21, and CP70-1143 cultivars) verities grown in the field in Khuzestan province, Iran. Bacteria were found in both sheaths and leaves of sugarcane plants which they were significantly higher in density in leaves and which most were endophytic. The bacterial strains were 10 groups on the basis of the biochemical characteristic, which their 16S rRNA encoding gene from representatives were amplified and subjected to sequencing. Results of sequences analyze using blast software from the NCBI website and phylogenetic analysis showed that the representative strains belonged to a wide variety of phylogenetic groups. These results indicated that they were closely related to Burkholderia and Ralstonia from β-Proteobacteria, Mesorhizobium, Ochrobactrum, Sphingomonas from α-Proteobacteria, Microbacterium, Curtobacterium and Leifsonia from Actinobacteria and Xanthomonas from γ-Proteobacteria. This is the first report of the presence of endophytic and epiphytic bacteria from sugarcane in Khuzestan, Iran.

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The effect of diets containing wheat and rice brans with or without phytase supplementation on performance, intestinal carbohydrase activities and mRNA expression of sodiumglucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) in layers was studied. A total of 96 23-wk-old Hy-line W-36 were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design at random with 6 treatments and 4 replicate cages of 4 birds each. A control diet was used in this experiment and then it was formulated to contain 10% wheat bran and 15% rice bran. Then phytase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) was added to each diet. Feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, shell weight, shell thickness and Haugh units were not influenced by brans or phytase supplementation (p > 0.05). But egg production decreased in rice bran treatments (p 0.05). In the jejunum, adding of phytase to control and diet containing wheat bran increased the concentration of sucrase (p 0.01). Also, addition of phytase to control diet increased (p 0.001) the mRNA expression of SGLT-1 in the duodenum. It was concluded that feeding layers with diets containing 10% wheat bran were practically feasible without compromising production performance, egg shell quality, and endogenous carbohydrase activity.

Este estudo analisou o efeito de dietas para poedeiras contendo farelo de trigo e arroz suplementado ou não com fitase sobre o desempenho, atividade da carboidrase intestinal e expressão de mRNA do transportador sódio-glicose-1 (SGLT-1). Noventa e seis aves da linhagem Hyline W-36 com 23 semanas de idade foram distribuídas num delineamento experimental completamente randomizado com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições de gaiolas com 4 aves cada. A dieta controle usada neste experimento foi formulada para conter 10% de farelo de trigo e 15% de farelo de arroz. Fitase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) foi adicionada a cada dieta experimental. O consumo de ração, massa de ovos, razão de conversão alimentar, peso da casca, espessura da casca e unidade de Haugh não foram influenciados pelos farelos ou suplementação com fitase (p > 0,05). Mas a produção de ovos diminuiu nos tratamentos com farelo de arroz (p 0,05). No jejuno, a adição de fitase e a dieta contendo farelo de trigo aumentaram a concentração de sacarose (p 0,01). Além disso, a adição de fitase à dieta controle aumentou (p 0,001) a expressão de mRNA do SGLT-1 no duodeno. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de dietas para poedeiras contendo 10% de farelo de trigo é viável sem comprometer o desempenho da produção, qualidade da casca do ovo e a atividade da carboidrase endógena.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The effect of diets containing wheat and rice brans with or without phytase supplementation on performance, intestinal carbohydrase activities and mRNA expression of sodiumglucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) in layers was studied. A total of 96 23-wk-old Hy-line W-36 were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design at random with 6 treatments and 4 replicate cages of 4 birds each. A control diet was used in this experiment and then it was formulated to contain 10% wheat bran and 15% rice bran. Then phytase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) was added to each diet. Feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, shell weight, shell thickness and Haugh units were not influenced by brans or phytase supplementation (p > 0.05). But egg production decreased in rice bran treatments (p 0.05). In the jejunum, adding of phytase to control and diet containing wheat bran increased the concentration of sucrase (p 0.01). Also, addition of phytase to control diet increased (p 0.001) the mRNA expression of SGLT-1 in the duodenum. It was concluded that feeding layers with diets containing 10% wheat bran were practically feasible without compromising production performance, egg shell quality, and endogenous carbohydrase activity.(AU)

Este estudo analisou o efeito de dietas para poedeiras contendo farelo de trigo e arroz suplementado ou não com fitase sobre o desempenho, atividade da carboidrase intestinal e expressão de mRNA do transportador sódio-glicose-1 (SGLT-1). Noventa e seis aves da linhagem Hyline W-36 com 23 semanas de idade foram distribuídas num delineamento experimental completamente randomizado com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições de gaiolas com 4 aves cada. A dieta controle usada neste experimento foi formulada para conter 10% de farelo de trigo e 15% de farelo de arroz. Fitase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) foi adicionada a cada dieta experimental. O consumo de ração, massa de ovos, razão de conversão alimentar, peso da casca, espessura da casca e unidade de Haugh não foram influenciados pelos farelos ou suplementação com fitase (p > 0,05). Mas a produção de ovos diminuiu nos tratamentos com farelo de arroz (p 0,05). No jejuno, a adição de fitase e a dieta contendo farelo de trigo aumentaram a concentração de sacarose (p 0,01). Além disso, a adição de fitase à dieta controle aumentou (p 0,001) a expressão de mRNA do SGLT-1 no duodeno. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de dietas para poedeiras contendo 10% de farelo de trigo é viável sem comprometer o desempenho da produção, qualidade da casca do ovo e a atividade da carboidrase endógena.(AU)

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ABSTRACT The rhizosphere zone has been defined as the volume of soil directly influenced by the presence of living plant roots or soil compartment influenced by the root. During the growing season of 2014, the rhizobacteria of 23 sugar beet plants sampled from 12 sites in the west and north west of Iran were inventoried. Using a cultivation-dependent approach, a total of 217 bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere. The bacterial isolates were tentatively grouped and documented based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins and were found to represent 43 different protein electrotypes. The majority of the fingerprint types were found only on a single occasion. Fifty-nine percent of the strains belonged to the five bacterial species and identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and Serratia marcescens. Minor occurring fingerprint types were identified as Flavobacterium spp, Erwinia spp, Acetobacter spp, Agrobacterium spp, Enterobacter spp, Aeromonas spp and Bacillus spp.