RESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is little information regarding fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA) among schoolchildren in Benin. In this study we evaluated the differences in breakfast eating, FV consumption and PA according to socio-economic (SE) determinants in primary schoolchildren. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a probabilistic sample of 612 students (8-17 y of age) from 26 primary schools was done between December 2018 and January 2019. The association was estimated by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Of all students, 53% were physically inactive, 60% took breakfast <5 d/week, 84% irregularly ate fruits and 68% irregularly ate vegetables. Younger students (8-10 y) take breakfast regularly and older ones (>15 y) were physically more active. The probability of regular breakfast and fruit consumption were significantly higher in children of educated parents (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) compared with children of non-educated parents. Medium SE status was associated with regular breakfast intake, whereas high SE status was associated with higher fruit intake and lower physical activity compared with low SE status (p<0.001). There was no association between breakfast eating, FV intake, PA and the body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Findings emphasize the need for interventions to promote healthy eating behaviours in primary schoolchildren and their family environments.
Assuntos
Comportamento Alimentar , Verduras , Criança , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Benin , Classe Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Comportamentos Relacionados com a SaúdeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate the prevalence of stunting and thinness and sociodemographic, household, family, dietary, and scholar associated factors in schoolchildren living in Lokossa-Benin. Methods: a survey conducted in a probabilistic sample (n=615) of primary schoolchildren (8-17 years), from 12/2018 to 01/2019, using structured questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. Thinness and stunting were defined as Height-for-age and Body Mass Index-for-age below-2 standard deviations, respectively. Associations were estimated by chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: thinness and stunting prevalence was 13.1% (95%CI:9.0-18.7) and 25.5% (95%CI:20.6-31.2), respectively. Odds of thinness were higher among older schoolchildren and those who experienced hunger at school. Odds of stunting increased with age, low diet diversity, experiencing hunger at school, and having school meal five days a week (OR:2.09; 95%CI:1.29-3.36). Conclusions: stunting was the most common problem. Older schoolchildren and those with food deprivation or poor diet diversity were the most affected.
RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de baja estatura y delgadez en estudiantes de Lokossa-Benin y factores sociodemográficos, domésticos, familiares, dietéticos y escolares asociados. Métodos: encuesta en una muestra probabilística (n=615) de escolares de 8 a 17 años mediante cuestionario estructurado y recordatorio de 24 horas. La baja estatura y la delgadez se definieron como la talla para la edad y el índice de masa corporal para la edad inferior a-2 desviaciones estándar, respectivamente. Las asociaciones se estimaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística. Resultados: las prevalencias de delgadez y baja estatura fueron 13,1% (IC95%:9,0-18,7) y 25,5% (IC95%:20,6-31,2). Las probabilidades de estar delgadas eran más altas entre los estudiantes mayores que informaron tener hambre en la escuela. Las posibilidades de estatura baja aumentaron con la edad, la diversidad dietética baja, y los informes sobre el hambre en la escuela y los almuerzos escolares cinco días a la semana (OR:2,09; IC95%:1,29-3,36). Conclusiones: la baja estatura fue el problema más común y los estudiantes mayores, con privación de alimentos o baja diversidad alimentaria fueron los más afectados.
RESUMO Objetivos: estimar a prevalência de baixa estatura e magreza em escolares de Lokossa-Benin e fatores sociodemográficos, domiciliares, familiares, alimentares e da escola associados. Métodos: inquérito em amostra probabilística (n=615) de escolares com idade entre 8 e 17 anos usando questionário estruturado e recordatório-24 horas. Baixa estatura e magreza foram definidas como Estatura-para-idade e Índice de Massa Corporal-para-idade inferior a-2 desvios-padrão, respectivamente. Associações foram estimadas pelo Teste do Qui-Quadrado e regressão logística. Resultados: prevalências de magreza e baixa estatura foram 13,1% (IC95%: 9,0-18,7) e 25,5% (IC95%: 20,6-31,2). As chances de magreza foram maiores entre escolares mais velhos e que relataram sentir fome na escola. Chances de baixa estatura aumentaram com idade, baixa diversidade alimentar, relatar fome na escola e merenda escolar cinco dias/semana (OR:2,09; IC95%:1,29-3,36). Conclusões: a baixa estatura foi o problema mais comum e escolares mais velhos, com privação alimentar ou baixa diversidade alimentar foram os mais afetados.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to estimate the prevalence of stunting and thinness and sociodemographic, household, family, dietary, and scholar associated factors in schoolchildren living in Lokossa-Benin. METHODS: a survey conducted in a probabilistic sample (n=615) of primary schoolchildren (8-17 years), from 12/2018 to 01/2019, using structured questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. Thinness and stunting were defined as Height-for-age and Body Mass Index-for-age below-2 standard deviations, respectively. Associations were estimated by chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: thinness and stunting prevalence was 13.1% (95%CI:9.0-18.7) and 25.5% (95%CI:20.6-31.2), respectively. Odds of thinness were higher among older schoolchildren and those who experienced hunger at school. Odds of stunting increased with age, low diet diversity, experiencing hunger at school, and having school meal five days a week (OR:2.09; 95%CI:1.29-3.36). CONCLUSIONS: stunting was the most common problem. Older schoolchildren and those with food deprivation or poor diet diversity were the most affected.