RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Descrever o padrão de movimento dos joelhos e tornozelos na fase de apoio em grupos etários diferentes, com a proposta de identificar como estes parâmetros comportam-se durante a maturação da marcha normal. MÉTODOS: Foram considerados como critérios de inclusão a ausência de patologias osteo-musculares e neurológicas, e a realização de exame tridimensional da marcha de forma voluntária e consentida. Os dados cinemáticos foram coletados durante a velocidade auto selecionada no grupo de 34 crianças com idade média de 9.7 + 2.7 anos e no grupo de 17 adultos com idade média 25 + 3.8 anos. As variáveis analisadas foram: 1) Flexão de joelhos ao contato inicial, 2) Primeiro pico de flexão dos joelhos no apoio, 3) Flexão mínima dos joelhos no apoio e 4) Dorsiflexão máxima dos tornozelos no apoio. Os dados obtidos foram comparados entre os grupos e submetidos à análise estatística. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que o grupo de crianças apresentou um maior grau de flexão de joelhos na fase de apoio, porém a dorsiflexão dos tornozelos foi similar à apresentada pelos adultos. CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra estudada, o padrão de movimento dos joelhos na fase de apoio foi diferente entre crianças (9.7 anos em média) e adultos (25 anos em média), o que sugere que o processo de maturação da marcha normal pode se prolongar até a segunda década de vida.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the movement pattern of knee and ankle during stance phase in order to analyze the behavior of these parameters during gait maturation process. METHODS: Subjects without neuro-muscular diseases and with complete documentation at gait laboratory were included. Kinematics data were collected during self-selected speed in the children group (n =34) with mean age of 9.7 + 2.7 years and in the adult group (n =17) with mean age 25 + 3.8 years. The variables analyzed were 1) Knee flexion at initial contact 2) First peak knee flexion in stance 3) Minimum knee flexion in stance and 4) Peak of ankle dorsiflexion in stance. RESULTS: The results were compared and underwent statistical analysis. The children group showed higher knee flexion in stance than the adult group; however, dorsiflexion peak in stance did not present statically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: In the studied group, knee flexion during stance phase was different between children (mean age 9.7 years) and adults (mean age 25 years), which suggests that gait maturation process can last until the second decade of life.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Tornozelo , Marcha/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Brasil , Joelho/fisiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to describe the patterns of pelvic rotational asymmetry in the transverse plane and identify the possible factors related to this problem. One thousand and forty-five patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and complete documentation in the gait laboratory were reviewed in a retrospective study. Pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane was observed in 52.7% of the patients; and to identify the possible causes of pelvic retraction, clinical (Thomas test, popliteal angle, and gastrocnemius tightness) and dynamic parameters (mean rotation of the hip in stance, minimum hip flexion, minimum knee flexion, and peak ankle dorsiflexion) were evaluated. The association between these parameters and pelvic retraction was assessed statistically. The results showed that 75.7% of patients with asymmetric pattern of the pelvis had clinical diagnosis of diplegic spastic CP. Among the patients with asymmetrical CP, the most common pattern was pelvic retraction on the affected side. The relationship between pelvic retraction and internal hip rotation was stronger in patients with asymmetrical diplegic CP than in those with hemiplegic (P<0.001) or symmetrical diplegic CP (P = 0.014). All of the patients exhibited a significant association among clinical parameters (Thomas test, popliteal angle, and gastrocnemius tightness) and pelvic retraction. In conclusion, pelvic retraction seems to be a multifactorial problem, and the etiology can change according to topographic classification, which must be taken into account during the decision-making process in patients with CP.