RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent studies showed a high frequency of low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients and no reports have been issued in Turkey. Our aim was to evaluate BMD and risk factors for osteopenia/osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients that attended an outpatient clinic in Istanbul, Turkey. METHOD: In order to determine the prevalence of BMD, 126 HIV-infected patients had been studied with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The association between BMD and age, gender, body mass index (BMI), habits, 25(OH)vitamin D, HIV RNA, CD4 lymphocyte nadir, using and duration of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) were investigated by using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Median age was 40.1 years (range, 20-70); 84% were male; 35.7% patients had AIDS, 63.5% were treated with HAART. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed in 53.9% and 23.8%, respectively. Mean plasma HIV RNA was 5.2 (SD 1.0) log10 copies/mL and CD4 lymphocyte nadir was 313.8 (SD 226.2)/mm(3). Factors associated with bone loss were high viral load (p=0.034), using (p=0.033) and duration of HAART (p=0.008). No correlation had been seen between sex and osteopenia/osteoporosis (p=0.794). However, males showed higher rates of osteoporosis than females (p=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a very high prevalence of bone mass reduction in Turkish HIV-infected patients. This study supports the importance of both HIV and antiretroviral therapy in low BMD.
Assuntos
Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/etiologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adulto , Idoso , Densidade Óssea , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Turquia/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and hemangioma are benign and generally asymptomatic hepatic tumors. With distinctive imaging findings on dynamic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), differentiation of these benign hepatic tumors from metastases can be made. We described imaging findings of these hepatic lesions in a 57-year-old man who presented with rectal adenocarcinoma for staging.