RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of Chloroquine (Cq), an antimalarial medicine, administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, orally, during 5 consecutive days, in Sakiz and Merino lambs naturally infected with Giardia duodenalis. Materials and methods. To this extent weaned 10 weeks of aged lambs were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups based on treatment (group C, n=18 lambs treated with Cq) and placebo (group P, n=8 untreated control animals). Diagnosis was based on detection of trophozoit and/or cysts on fecal flotation. Cyst count per gram feces (days 0, 3, 7 and 10) was analyzed among groups. Results. During the trial, regarding the efficacy of Cq on days 3., 7., and 10. There was significant (p<0.01) reduction in cyst excretion; whereas evaluation of mean geometric cyst excretion revealed 100% reduction. Conclusions. There was a very high (100%) reduction in cyst excretion in the Cq treatment group compared to the positive untreated control group on days 3, 7 and 10, resulting in a significant (p<0.001) reduction, making Cq, safety, and thus highly effective treatment option of lambs with naturally occuring giardiasis.
RESUMEN Objetivo . El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la eficacia de la cloroquina, un medicamento contra la malaria, administrado a una dosis de 2.5 mg/kg, por vía oral, durante 5 días consecutivos, en Corderos Sakiz y Merino infectados naturalmente con Giardia duodenalis. Materiales y metodos. En esta medida destetados 10 semanas de edad fueron incluidos y asignados al azar en dos grupos sobre la base del tratamiento (grupo C, n = 18 corderos tratados con cloroquina) y placebo (grupo P, n = 8 animales de control no tratados). El diagnóstico se basa en la detección de trophozoit y/o quistes en la flotación fecal. Quiste recuento por gramo de heces (día 0, 3, 7 y 10) se analizó entre los grupos. Resultados. Respecto a la eficacia de la cloroquina en los días 3, 7 y 10 existió una reducción significativa (p<0.01) en la excreción de quistes; mientras que la evaluación de la media de la excreción de quistes reveló una reducción del 100%. Conclusiones. Durante el estudio hubo una reducción del 100% en la excreción de quistes en el grupo de tratamiento con cloroquina en comparación con el grupo control no tratado positivo en los días 3, 7 y 10, lo que resulta en una disminución significativa (p<0.001) por lo que la cloroquina razonablemente es una opción de tratamiento por el costo, seguridad, y por lo tanto muy eficaz de corderos infectados naturalmente con giardiasis.
Assuntos
Giardia lamblia , Cloroquina , OvinosRESUMO
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively in several domestic animal speciesfor the treatment of a range of musculo-skeletal disorders and soft tissue injuries or inflammatory conditions. These drugshave antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Meloksikam (MLX) and carprofen (CRP) are two of theNSAIDs most commonly used by oral administration, which is the preferred route for the treatment of chronic pain andinflammation in dogs. The aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CRP and MLX inhealthy dogs following oral administration at the doses of 2 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 12 client-owned, cross-bred bitches, 2-5 years old and weighing 15-20 kg wereused in the study. The animals were allocated into two groups of six such that the mean weight of animals in each groupwas similar. In Group I, CRP was given orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg and in Group II, MLX was given orally at a dose of 0.2mg/kg. Blood samples were collected one day prior to drug administration and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40,48, 56, 72 and 96 h post-treatment. Samples were centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min and plasma was transferred to plastictubes. Heparinized drug-free blood samples for analytical method development and validation process were collected fromdogs not included in the study. All the plasma samples were stored at -20oC until estimation of drug concentrations withall analyses completed within one month of sampling and they were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The terminal half-life of MLX (t1/2 = 37.91 ± 9.15 h) was significantly longer compared with that of CRP (t1/2 =17.02 ± 6.95 h). In addition, CRP was absorbed faster (tmax = 2.20 h) from gastrointestinal system and reached the peakplasma...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/análise , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Administração OralRESUMO
Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively in several domestic animal speciesfor the treatment of a range of musculo-skeletal disorders and soft tissue injuries or inflammatory conditions. These drugshave antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Meloksikam (MLX) and carprofen (CRP) are two of theNSAIDs most commonly used by oral administration, which is the preferred route for the treatment of chronic pain andinflammation in dogs. The aim of the present study was to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of CRP and MLX inhealthy dogs following oral administration at the doses of 2 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 12 client-owned, cross-bred bitches, 2-5 years old and weighing 15-20 kg wereused in the study. The animals were allocated into two groups of six such that the mean weight of animals in each groupwas similar. In Group I, CRP was given orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg and in Group II, MLX was given orally at a dose of 0.2mg/kg. Blood samples were collected one day prior to drug administration and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 32, 40,48, 56, 72 and 96 h post-treatment. Samples were centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min and plasma was transferred to plastictubes. Heparinized drug-free blood samples for analytical method development and validation process were collected fromdogs not included in the study. All the plasma samples were stored at -20oC until estimation of drug concentrations withall analyses completed within one month of sampling and they were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The terminal half-life of MLX (t1/2 = 37.91 ± 9.15 h) was significantly longer compared with that of CRP (t1/2 =17.02 ± 6.95 h). In addition, CRP was absorbed faster (tmax = 2.20 h) from gastrointestinal system and reached the peakplasma...