RESUMO
Chronic urticaria (CU) has a major effect on patients' quality of life. While there have been progressive advances regarding its pathogenesis and treatment, much remains to be done. Registries of other chronic non-communicable diseases have shown many benefits, such as additional basic knowledge and management approaches to diabetes mellitus. Standards of care as well as diagnostic approaches can be elaborated and compared from different sites, using validated instruments. Registries in allergic diseases are also becoming well recognized, and the first registry on CU, accessible from SLaai's webpage, includes parameters for identification, evaluation and management. In our vision, informatics strategies have the potential to improve care for chronic illnesses such as CU. The registry represents a valid instrument from which to obtain a sufficient sample size for epidemiological studies and/or clinical research planning, including feasibility and potential enrollment. It can also provide invaluable data for adapting guidelines to local populations, as well as diagnostic approaches and cost-effective interventions in the context of organizational efforts to improve patient care.
RESUMO
Conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) have a slow maturation time. Reduction in time of maturation may be achieved by acceleration of the setting reaction. One factor that assists this is the reduction in glass particle size producing a larger surface area for reaction. The resulting rapid set and more rapid maturation should potentially lead to less long-term degradation. Biaxial strength measurements were made with respect to time for two GICs of similar compositions but with differing particle size distributions at different time intervals after immersion in both water and artificial saliva. There was little difference between the strength of the two materials over periods up to 12 weeks. A theoretical estimation of the relative surface areas of glasses showed that, despite there being twice the surface area available for reaction for one glass, there was little difference in strengths values between the two materials at any of the times tested here. The similarity in strength values despite this substantial difference suggests that the larger particles may have a greater influence in the cement forming process.
Assuntos
Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro , Análise do Estresse Dentário/métodos , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Tamanho da Partícula , Saliva , Resistência à Tração , Fatores de Tempo , ÁguaRESUMO
AIM: To determine the flow characteristics and subcutaneous tissue reactions to five endodontic sealers. METHODOLOGY: The materials used were Procosol, AH26, Endomethasone, Sealapex and Endion. The sealers were prepared following the manufacturers' instructions, and 0.075 mL of each material was placed on a glass surface, which was then rotated 90 degrees. The samples were stored at 37 degrees C and 95% humidity. The displacement of the sealer was recorded by measuring the difference between its original position and the position recorded at 15 and 60 min. Three samples of each material were used. Two pockets were created in the back of Wistar rats, and one silicone tube, 1 mm in diameter and 1 cm in length, was implanted in each. One was filled with one of the materials under study, and the other empty tube was implanted as a control. Fourteen days after implantation, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of the skin containing the tubes were histologically processed. Histological and histomorphometric evaluations of the tissues adjacent to the open end of the tube were carried out the volume of tissue reaction was measured histomorphometrically according to standard stereological principles. Results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan's test. RESULTS: The highest flow values were obtained with Sealapex and AH26. Time significantly affected the flow and the material (P < (1001). Procosol and Endion produced the most severe histological reactions: these were outlined by fibrous tissue; AH26. Endomethasone and Sealapex produced reactions of smaller size and with more moderately defined limits. CONCLUSIONS: The flow did not correlate with the degree of inflammatory response. Procosol and Endion produced the most severe tissue reactions, whereas Endomethasone, Sealapex and AH26 produced only minimum reactions.
Assuntos
Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/toxicidade , Timol/análogos & derivados , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bismuto/química , Bismuto/toxicidade , Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/toxicidade , Dexametasona/química , Dexametasona/toxicidade , Combinação de Medicamentos , Resinas Epóxi/química , Resinas Epóxi/toxicidade , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Reação a Corpo Estranho/induzido quimicamente , Formaldeído/química , Formaldeído/toxicidade , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/toxicidade , Hidrocortisona/química , Hidrocortisona/toxicidade , Teste de Materiais , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Resinas Sintéticas/toxicidade , Reologia , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/toxicidade , Prata/química , Prata/toxicidade , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Timol/química , Timol/toxicidade , Titânio/química , Titânio/toxicidade , Viscosidade , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/química , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol/toxicidadeRESUMO
When evaluating the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers it is important to study the variation of pH, since this is one of the properties that may inhibit the microbial growth and influence biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of several endodontic sealers without calcium hydroxide to modify the pH of the solution in which they were immersed. The sealers used were: Endomethasone C-Septodont (EC), Bio Seal-Ogna (BS), Diaket-Espe (D), Procosol-StarDental (P), AH26-Dentsply (AH), Ketac Endo-Espe (KE), AHPlus-Dentsply (AHP), Endion-Voco (E), Endomethasone-Septodont (EM), EZ Fill-Essential Dental Systems (EZ). Samples of each material were placed in tubes with phosphate saline solution (PBS). The pH was determined at 2, 5, 12, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days. A tube with solution alone was taken as control. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by ANOVA. Material, sample, time and material-time interaction elicited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The variation of pH produced by immersion of endodontic sealers depends on the composition of the material.
Assuntos
Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Timol/análogos & derivados , Análise de Variância , Bismuto/química , Dexametasona/química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Resinas Epóxi/química , Formaldeído/química , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Hidrocortisona/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Imersão , Polivinil/química , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Prata/química , Timol/química , Fatores de Tempo , Titânio/química , Óxido de Zinco/químicaRESUMO
When evaluating the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers it is important to study the variation of pH, since this is one of the properties that may inhibit the microbial growth and influence biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of several endodontic sealers without calcium hydroxide to modify the pH of the solution in which they were immersed. The sealers used were: Endomethasone C-Septodont (EC), Bio Seal-Ogna (BS), Diaket-Espe (D), Procosol-StarDental (P), AH26-Dentsply (AH), Ketac Endo-Espe (KE), AHPlus-Dentsply (AHP), Endion-Voco (E), Endomethasone-Septodont (EM), EZ Fill-Essential Dental Systems (EZ). Samples of each material were placed in tubes with phosphate saline solution (PBS). The pH was determined at 2, 5, 12, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days. A tube with solution alone was taken as control. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by ANOVA. Material, sample, time and material-time interaction elicited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The variation of pH produced by immersion of endodontic sealers depends on the composition of the material.
RESUMO
When evaluating the antimicrobial effect of endodontic sealers it is important to study the variation of pH, since this is one of the properties that may inhibit the microbial growth and influence biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of several endodontic sealers without calcium hydroxide to modify the pH of the solution in which they were immersed. The sealers used were: Endomethasone C-Septodont (EC), Bio Seal-Ogna (BS), Diaket-Espe (D), Procosol-StarDental (P), AH26-Dentsply (AH), Ketac Endo-Espe (KE), AHPlus-Dentsply (AHP), Endion-Voco (E), Endomethasone-Septodont (EM), EZ Fill-Essential Dental Systems (EZ). Samples of each material were placed in tubes with phosphate saline solution (PBS). The pH was determined at 2, 5, 12, 20, 30, 60, and 90 days. A tube with solution alone was taken as control. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by ANOVA. Material, sample, time and material-time interaction elicited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The variation of pH produced by immersion of endodontic sealers depends on the composition of the material.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial effect of six endodontic sealers after 2, 20 and 40 days. The sealers studied were Apexit, Endion, AH26, AH-Plus. Procosol and Ketac Endo. The microorganisms used were Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces israelii. Petri dishes were filled with sterile agar and 0.1-ml wells were prepared and filled with the sealers. The agar plates were stored for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The samples were then removed, immersed in 4.5 ml of culture medium and divided into three groups. The samples in group 1 were stored for 2 days at 37 degrees C whereas the samples of groups 2 and 3 were stored at 4 degrees C for 20 and 40 days respectively. The samples were then removed and discarded, and 0.1 ml of the culture medium was seeded on the agar plates in order to perform colony forming unit counts. Apexit, Endion and AH-Plus produced slight inhibition on Streptococcus mutans at 20 days and on Actinomyces israelii at every time interval. No effect was found on Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Ketac Endo only produced an antimicrobial effect on Actinomyces israelii at 2 and 40 days. AH26 and Procosol showed antimicrobial effect at 40 days on Candida albicans, at 20 and 40 days on Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus, and an effective inhibition on Actinomyces israelii at every time interval. Statistical analysis revealed both sealers and microorganisms to be significant factors affecting results in groups 2 and 3. In conclusion, the sealers evaluated in this study showed different inhibitory effects depending on time span. Overall, sealers containing cugenol and formaldehyde proved to be most effective against the microorganisms at the time intervals studied.
Assuntos
Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Actinomyces/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Bismuto/química , Bismuto/farmacologia , Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Combinação de Medicamentos , Resinas Epóxi/química , Resinas Epóxi/farmacologia , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Metenamina/química , Metenamina/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Resinas Sintéticas/farmacologia , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Prata/química , Prata/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Titânio/química , Titânio/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most of the studies of HIV-1 infection in South America have been limited to Brazil and little is known about the viral variants that are causing disease elsewhere in the continent. AIM: To determine the characteristics of the viral variants present in Chile as well as patterns of viral transmission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Viral sequences were obtained from 21 HIV-1 infected people from Santiago, Chile who were infected either via sexual contact or intravenous drug use. Cloned sequences obtained from both the third variable and conserved regions of the envelope as well as the viral protease were evaluated. RESULTS: We found only clade B subtype viruses in Santiago. An evaluation of the envelope gene revealed no evidence that the sequences were monophyletic by risk group. A number of the protease sequences were predicted to encode amino acid substitutions commonly found during selection for protease inhibitor resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The HIV-1 strains studied in Chile, belong to the subtype B. There is no molecular evidence of separate introductions of the virus into the different risk groups. A number of substitutions in the protease gene that may confer resistance to protease inhibitors were found in patients with no previous exposure to this class of drugs.
Assuntos
Protease de HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Adulto , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Chile/epidemiologia , DNA Viral/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and energy intake of adolescents and adults with Williams syndrome (WS) compared with matched healthy control subjects. METHODS: Body composition was determined by total body electrical conductivity and anthropometric measurements in six subjects with WS from the WS Clinic at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and six healthy control subjects matched for age, height, and pubertal stage. REE was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Dietary intake was assessed by 3-day dietary records. RESULTS: Subjects with WS had similar anthropometric measurements to the control group except for a significantly lower percent body fat (17.1%+/-5.2% vs. 25.0%+/-6.7%). Dietary intake (measured in kilocalories per day) was similar between the two groups. REE was statistically higher by 155 kcal/day in the WS group after controlling for age, gender, and body composition. In addition, the WS group had a significantly higher percent predicted REE according to the World Health Organization equation, which adjusts for age, gender, and body weight. CONCLUSION: Adolescents and adults with WS have a similar dietary intake but a lower body fat than healthy control subjects. A higher REE may contribute to the thin body habitus and reduced total body fat stores of people with WS.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Ingestão de Energia , Metabolismo Energético , Síndrome de Williams/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
The disintegration of three endodontic cements in water was determined quantitatively and qualitatively. The materials studied were Ketac-Endo (KE), Tubli Seal (TS), and AH26 (AH). Specimens were immersed in water for 48 h (GI), 7 (GII) and 45 days (GIII). The solid residue was then determined. For the qualitative analysis three groups of tubes were filled with the materials and stored in water for the same periods. The exposed surface was photographed. Results expressed as percentage of original mass in the quantitative analysis for loss of mass due to dissolution were: GI = KE 2.39 (0.70); TS 3.56 (0.37); AH 4.94 (2.83); GII = KE 2.84 (0.30); TS 2.50 (0.50); AH 0.66 (0.26); GIII = KE 1.60 (0.84); TS 1.03 (0.42); AH 1.22 (0.54). Tukey's least significant difference (0.05) was 2.94. In the qualitative experiment KE disintegration was far more evident than that suffered by other materials. The quantitative results had no correlation with the qualitative observations probably due to the difference in the moment when the materials were immersed.
Assuntos
Bismuto/química , Resinas Epóxi , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Metenamina/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Prata/química , Titânio/química , Cimento de Óxido de Zinco e Eugenol , Combinação de Medicamentos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Teste de Materiais/métodos , Teste de Materiais/estatística & dados numéricos , Solubilidade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , ÁguaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in resting energy expenditure (REE) of black and white prepubertal children. SUBJECTS: The study subjects were 34 prepubertal children 5 to 12 years of age and weighing 90% to 206% ideal body weight. Girls represented 59% of the study subjects; 44% were white children and 56% were black children. METHODS: Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and the percentage of body fat were determined by total body electrical conductivity. Fasting REE was measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Although weight, height, FFM, fat mass, percentage of body fat, and age were similar between the ethnic groups (black vs. white children), the black subjects had a significantly lower REE (1312 +/- 38 kcal/day) compared with the white subjects (1524 +/- 43 kcal/day) after adjusting for age, gender, weight, FFM, and fat mass. Fat-free mass and ethnic group were the only significant predictors of REE (R2 = 0.70). CONCLUSION: Resting energy expenditure is significantly higher in this sample of white children compared with the black children after adjusting for body size and composition. Both FFM and ethnic background were significant determinants of REE in prepubertal children.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal , População Negra , População Branca , Adolescente , Antropometria , Composição Corporal , Calorimetria Indireta , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Impedância Elétrica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , PuberdadeRESUMO
In this article, we demonstrate that angioedema may atypically present with noninflammatory scalp or facial swelling without recurrence on other parts of the body and without urticaria. In a young child, such a presentation exclusively with recurrent "unexplained" swellings over different parts of the scalp could erroneously be misconstrued as child abuse (blunt head trauma).
Assuntos
Angioedema/diagnóstico , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico , Angioedema/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Notificação de Abuso , Recidiva , Remissão Espontânea , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to analyze different substrates used to determine composite-dentine bond strength. It comprises 3 parts. In the first, results obtained using bovine and human dentin are compared. In the second, bond strength of composite-bovine dentin sections cut at different angles was studied. In the third part, the effect of different storage solutions on bond strength was analysed. Two methods were used to study the capacity of bovine dentin to reproduce "in vivo" conditions as closely as possible: a) bond strength tests. Tensile strength of composite samples mounted on flat dentin surfaces, treated with bonding agents, stored in artificial saliva at 37 degrees C was measured. b) Observation of exposed surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that more reliable values were obtained when using bovine dentin stored in distilled water at 4 degrees C sectioned at an angle of 125 degrees to vestibular face and not further than 7 mm from the incisal edge.
Assuntos
Colagem Dentária/métodos , Adesivos Dentinários , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Animais , Bovinos , Resinas Compostas , Armazenamento de Medicamentos , Formaldeído , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Saliva Artificial , Especificidade da Espécie , Propriedades de Superfície , Resistência à Tração , ÁguaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of resting energy expenditure (REE) prediction equations compared with measured REE in children referred for REE to aid clinical care. SUBJECTS: One hundred two patients, aged 0.2 to 20.5 years, 55% female, with a nutritional diagnosis of failure to thrive (76%), obesity (19%), or other (5%). METHODS: We measured REE by indirect calorimetry and compared with prediction equations: Food and Agriculture/World Health Organization/United Nations University (FAO/WHO/UNU) equation, Harris-Benedict (H-B) equation, and two equations from Schofield, one using weight (SCHO-WT) and one using weight and height (SCHO-HTWT). RESULTS: The SCHO-HTWT equation more closely predicted measured REE (100% +/- 19%), compared with the WHO equation (99% +/- 22%), the SCHO-WT equation, (99% +/- 21%), and the H-B equation (92% +/- 25%). The SCHO-HTWT equation was the best at predicting REE for obese subjects (95% +/- 17%), for those with failure to thrive (101% +/- 20%), and for children from birth to 3 years of age (101% +/- 23%). Nevertheless, the prediction equations closely predicted REE in only about 40% of subjects. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the SCHO-HTWT equation predicts REE in children with clinical nutritional problems better than equations that use weight alone. In view of the wide variability in REE measurements, however, we believe that REE should be measured in patients for whom knowledge of caloric expenditure is required for clinical care.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal/fisiologia , Metabolismo Energético/fisiologia , Insuficiência de Crescimento/diagnóstico , Insuficiência de Crescimento/metabolismo , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Calorimetria Indireta , Criança , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Matemática , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Padrões de Referência , Valores de Referência , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Hageman factor (FXII, HF) is a monomeric plasma zymogen that is capable of autoactivation to the serine protease FXIIa in the presence of negatively charged surfaces such as glass, kaolin, ellagic acid and dextran sulfate. FXIIa activates prekallikrein to kallikrein which in turn digests high molecular weight kininogen (HK) to produce the vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK). Known natural activators of FXII and the contact system include heparin, sulfatides, phospholipids, endotoxin, and urate crystals. We now present evidence that FXII can undergo activation in the presence of phosphate ions (P(i)) and certain divalent metal ions. FXII (1 microgram/ml) and prekallikrein (1 microgram/ml), in HEPES buffered saline, pH 7.4, were incubated with 0-100 mM sodium phosphate, 0-200 microM zinc chloride, and 0.6 mM Chromozym-PK; absorbance at 405 nm was monitored. Graphic analysis of the data indicated reciprocal activation of the two enzymes within 60 min which was dependent upon Zn(II) and P(i). While Ca(II) did not replace Zn(II) as an activator it significantly enhanced Zn(II)- and P(i)-dependent activation of FXII. Maximum activation occurred at 1-10 mM P(i) and approximately 25 microM Zn(II). Co(II), Cu(II) and Ca(II) were negative while Fe(II) was positive in the presence of 1 mM P(i). Cl-, SO4= and CO3=/HCO3- ions were negative when tested in the presence of 50 microM Zn(II). P(i) and Zn(II) ions promoted activation of FXII alone (but not prekallikrein) and the kinetics of this reaction suggested autoactivation. These data therefore suggest that physiological concentrations of P(i) and Zn(II) may be sufficient for a low-level turnover of the contact system in plasma which in turn may be responsible for the background levels of cleaved HK and BK found in normal plasma.
Assuntos
Fator XII/metabolismo , Fosfatos/farmacologia , Zinco/farmacologia , Cloretos/farmacologia , Humanos , Cinética , Pré-Calicreína/metabolismo , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Giardia lamblia is a primitive protozoan and a major cause of waterborne enteric disease throughout tropical and temperate zones. The ability to grow the infective trophozoites in culture as well as the discovery of the method of in vitro encystation made it possible to study the biology of this primitive protozoan and to characterize the surface antigens. Giardia trophozoites are exposed to high concentrations of fatty acids in the human small intestine. This raises the possibility that intestinal fatty acids may become incorporated into Giardia. Therefore, we determined the pattern of fatty acylation of Giardia surface molecules. By metabolic labeling with radiolabeled fatty acids we identified a single glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface protein in Giardia. GP49 differs from the cysteine-rich variable surface antigens described previously. The presence of a GPI anchor in GP49 was supported by the metabolic incorporation of [14C]-ethanolamine, [3H]-myoinositol and fatty acids into the protein. This was confirmed by chemical and enzymatic cleavage experiments. Most interestingly, GP49 was found to be present in different isolates of Giardia and thus can be considered as an invariant surface antigen. Although the biological function of GP49 is not known, recently we have found that intact and soluble GP49 altered the electrolyte fluxes which regulate fluid secretion in the cultured human intestinal epithelial cell line, T84. These studies indicate that the GPI-anchored invariant antigen of Giardia may play an important role in the pathophysiology of giardiasis.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários/análise , Antígenos de Superfície/análise , Giardia lamblia/imunologia , Glicosilfosfatidilinositóis/química , Animais , Antígenos de Protozoários/química , Antígenos de Superfície/química , Células Cultivadas , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Giardia lamblia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Giardia lamblia/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Fosfolipases/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas Variantes de Superfície de Trypanosoma/imunologiaRESUMO
Neste trabalho analisam-se os aportes de W. R. Bion a psicanalise, tomando-se como eixo os termos novos que introduziu na teoria e seu uso pela comunidade psicanalitica. Discutem-se alguns destes termos (os mais usados e tambem os menos usados) assim como suas caracteristicas estilisticas e implicacoes. Alerta-se para o risco de que se convertam em um jargao, mais para reforcar a identidade daquele que os usa do que por uma compreensao autentica daquilo que o autor quis transmitir.