RESUMO
Clostridium difficile, a gram-positive anaerobic bacillus dubbed as the difficult clostridium because it resisted early attempts of isolation and culture. After some decades in the darkness, it became famous, when in 1978, a cytotoxin of the C. difficile was found the responsible of the pseudomembranous colitis. We review in this paper aspects of the epidemiology of the C. difficile in health and disease. Also the importance of C. difficile as a cause of nosocomial infections. We review the characteristics of the toxins A and B produced by the pathogenic strains of C. difficile. Finally, clinical aspects of infection with C. difficile in special in the pseudomembranous colitis. The diagnosis, medical therapy, complications and surgical indications are briefly described.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile/fisiologia , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Enterocolite Pseudomembranosa/tratamento farmacológico , HumanosRESUMO
AIM: To know the more detailed findings of the small intestinal mucosa with the use of a magnifying endoscope and a vital dye, and the efficacy of the both tools. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 54-year old female patient with celiac disease. The duodenal mucosa downward as far as the descending portion was observed with a magnifying endoscope (Olympus GIF HM) before and after spraying the mucosa with 0.1 percent indigo carmine. RESULTS: The endoscopy clarified the atrophy and edema of each villus, and scattering of the dye revealed shorter villi with the relatively longer villi remaining in islands. CONCLUSION: The combination of magnifying endoscopy and the dye scattering method is useful for closer observation of the intestinal mucosa in celiac diseases
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Celíaca , Corantes , Duodenoscopia , Índigo Carmim , Mucosa Intestinal , Duodeno , Aumento da ImagemRESUMO
AIM: To know the more detailed findings of the small intestinal mucosa with the use of a magnifying endoscope and a vital dye, and the efficacy of the both tools. PATIENT AND METHODS: A 54-year old female patient with celiac disease. The duodenal mucosa downward as far as the descending portion was observed with a magnifying endoscope (Olympus GIF HM) before and after spraying the mucosa with 0.1% indigo carmine. RESULTS: The endoscopy clarified the atrophy and edema of each villus, and scattering of the dye revealed shorter villi with the relatively longer villi remaining in islands. CONCLUSION: The combination of magnifying endoscopy and the dye scattering method is useful for closer observation of the intestinal mucosa in celiac diseases.
Assuntos
Doença Celíaca/diagnóstico , Corantes , Duodenoscopia/métodos , Índigo Carmim , Duodeno/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Aumento da Imagem , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Gene is a tumor suppressor gene located in the chromosome 5q21. It has a sequence of 2843 amino acids and a weight of 312 kD. The mutation of the APC gene occurs at the early stages of most sporadic colorectal cancers; and up to 30% in familial adenomatous polyposis. The absence of APC will indicate the inadequate migration of colon mucous cells and its accumulation resulting in polyps formation, which determines a stage in carcinogenicity. An adequate study in prone groups may lead to chemoprophylaxis and/or early treatment of polyps.
Assuntos
Proteína da Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/fisiologia , Genes APC , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/etnologia , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/genética , Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/patologia , Proteína da Polipose Adenomatosa do Colo/química , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Anticarcinógenos/uso terapêutico , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Caderinas/fisiologia , Adesão Celular/genética , Divisão Celular/genética , Movimento Celular/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 5/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/prevenção & controle , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/fisiologia , Europa Oriental/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Judeus/genética , Masculino , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/epidemiologia , Síndromes Neoplásicas Hereditárias/genética , Mutação Puntual , Deleção de Sequência , Transativadores/fisiologia , beta CateninaRESUMO
Con la esperanza de que estos trabajos en el campo de la Oncología digestiva tanto diagnóstica y terapeútica, sean de utilidad para los lectores.