RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Detailed arterial anatomy of the sphenoid ridge and olfactory groove meningiomas is complicated due to the fine angioarchitecture and anastomoses between each feeder. Herein, we present details of the arterial anatomy and the relationships of feeders in these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 20 patients admitted to our department between April 2015 and March 2020. Conditions of subjects consisted of 16 sphenoid ridge meningiomas and 4 olfactory groove meningiomas. We mainly analyzed arterial anatomy using 3D rotational angiography and slab MIP images of these lesions. We also analyzed the anastomoses of each feeder. RESULTS: We found that 19 (95%), 15 (75%), and 15 (75%) lesions had feeders from the ophthalmic, internal carotid, and external carotid arteries, respectively. As feeders from the ophthalmic artery, recurrent meningeal arteries were involved in 18 lesions (90%). Fifteen lesions (75%) had anastomoses between each feeder. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the meningiomas in the sphenoid ridge and olfactory groove had feeders from the ophthalmic and internal carotid arteries. There were various anastomoses between each feeder. This is the first report to demonstrate the detailed arterial anatomy and frequency of recurrent branches from the ophthalmic artery and their anastomoses using detailed imaging techniques.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Meníngeas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/irrigação sanguínea , Meningioma/patologia , Adulto , Angiografia Digital/métodos , Artéria Carótida Externa/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Externa/patologia , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/patologia , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Meningioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Oftálmica/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Oftálmica/patologia , Osso EsfenoideRESUMO
Decompression times reported in previous studies suggest that thoroughly brittle fragmentation is unlikely in actual explosive volcanic eruptions. What occurs in practice is brittle-like fragmentation, which is defined as the solid-like fracture of a material whose bulk rheological properties are close to those of a fluid. Through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation, the link between the inhomogeneous structure of bubbles and the development of cracks that may lead to brittle-like fragmentation was clearly demonstrated here. A rapid decompression test was conducted to simulate the fragmentation of a specimen whose pore morphology was revealed by X-ray microtomography. The dynamic response during decompression was observed by high-speed photography. Large variation was observed in the responses of the specimens even among specimens with equal bulk rheological properties. The stress fields of the specimens under decompression computed by finite element analysis shows that the presence of satellite bubbles beneath a large bubble induced the stress concentration. On the basis of the obtained results, a new mechanism for brittle-like fragmentation is proposed. In the proposed scenario, the second nucleation of bubbles near the fragmentation surface is an essential process for the advancement of fragmentation in an upward magma flow in a volcanic conduit.
RESUMO
The recent discovery of a large latent population of precursor cells in the dentate gyrus of adult mice led us to investigate whether activation of this population is regulated by synaptic activity, thereby explaining the observation that environmental signals can affect neurogenesis. Using a variety of stimulation protocols, we found that only a long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducing protocol activated the latent precursor pool, leading to increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the perforant pathway in vivo produced a two-fold increase in the number of neurospheres cultured from the stimulated hippocampus, compared with the unstimulated hippocampus. No increase in neurosphere number or neurogenesis was observed when the HFS failed to induce LTP. These results show that LTP can activate latent neural precursor cells in the adult mouse dentate gyrus, thereby providing a direct mechanism for regulating activity-driven neurogenesis. In the future, it may be possible to utilize such learning- or stimulation-induced neurogenesis to overcome disorders characterized by neuronal loss.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Giro Denteado/fisiopatologia , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Cell transplantation has been shown to be an effective therapy for central nervous system disorders in animal models. Improving the efficacy of cell transplantation depends critically on improving grafted cell survival. We investigated whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-pretreatment of neural stem cells (NSCs) enhanced grafted cell survival in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). We first examined the neuroprotective effects of GDNF on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in NSCs. Cells were pretreated with GDNF for 3 days before subjecting them to OGD. After 12h of OGD, GDNF-pretreated NSCs showed significant increases in survival rates compared with PBS-pretreated NSCs. An apoptosis assay showed that the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in GDNF-pretreated NSCs at 1h and 6h after OGD. A PD rat model was then established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 9µg) into the medial forebrain bundle. Two weeks after 6-OHDA injection, GDNF-pretreated NSCs, PBS-pretreated NSCs, or PBS were injected into PD rat striatum. The survival of grafted cells in the striatum was significantly increased in the GDNF-pretreated NSC group compared with the control groups. GDNF pretreatment increased survival of NSCs following transplantation, at least partly through suppression of cell apoptosis.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/farmacologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/fisiologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/transplante , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/cirurgia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/fisiologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neurais/fisiologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Neurotoxinas/toxicidade , Oxidopamina/toxicidade , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transplante Heterólogo/métodosRESUMO
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) are important autologous transplantation tools in regenerative medicine, as they can secrete factors that protect the ischemic brain. We investigated whether adult NSPCs genetically modified to secrete more glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) could protect against transient ischemia in rats. NSPCs were harvested from the subventricular zone of adult Wistar rats and cultured for 3 weeks in the presence of epidermal growth factor. The NSPCs were treated with fibre-mutant Arg-Gly-Asp adenovirus containing the GDNF gene (NSPC-GDNF) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene (NSPC-EGFP; control group). In one experiment, cultured cells were transplanted into the right ischemic boundary zone of Wistar rat brains. One week later, animals underwent 90 min of intraluminal right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural tests. The NSPC-GDNF group had higher behavioural scores and lesser infarct volume than did controls at 1, 7 and 28 days postocclusion. In the second experiment, we transplanted NSPCs 3 h after ischemic insult. Compared to controls, rats receiving NSPC-GDNF had decreased infarct volume and better behavioural assessments at 7 days post-transplant. Animals were killed on day 7 and brains were collected for GDNF ELISA and morphological assessment. Compared to controls, more GDNF was secreted, more NSPC-GDNF cells migrated toward the ischemic core and more NSPC-GDNF cells expressed immature neuronal marker. Moreover, the NSPC-GDNF group showed more effective inhibition of microglial invasion and apoptosis. These findings suggest that NSPC-GDNF may be useful in treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/genética , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado de Linhagem de Célula Glial/metabolismo , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/metabolismo , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/patologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Adenoviridae/genética , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Bromodesoxiuridina , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Vetores Genéticos , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/farmacologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Potenciação de Longa Duração/fisiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Artéria Cerebral Média/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , TransfecçãoRESUMO
Cell therapy is thought to have a central role in restorative therapy, which aims to restore function to the damaged nervous system. The purpose of this study was to establish an autologous neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation model using adult rats and to compare survival, migration, and differentiation between this system and allogeneic NSC transplantation. Furthermore, we compared the immunologic response of the host tissue between autologous and allogeneic transplantation. NSCs were removed from the subventricular zone of adult Fischer 344 rats using stereotactic methods. NSCs were expanded and microinjected into normal hippocampus in the autologous brain. Allogeneic NSC (derived from adult Wistar rats) transplantation was performed using the same procedure, and hippocampal sections were analyzed immunohistologically 3 weeks post-transplantation. The cell survival and migration rate were higher for autologous transplantation than for allogeneic transplantation, and the neuronal differentiation rate in the autologous transplanted cells far exceeded that of allogeneic transplantation. Furthermore, there was less astrocyte and microglia reactivity in the host tissue of the autologous transplantation compared with allogeneic transplantation. These findings demonstrate that immunoreactivity of the host tissue strongly influences cell transplantation in the CNS as the autologous transplantation did not induce host tissue immunoreactivity; the microenvironment was essentially maintained in an optimal condition for the transplanted cells.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Transplante Homólogo/métodos , Animais , Apoptose/fisiologia , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Caspase 3 , Caspases/metabolismo , Contagem de Células/métodos , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Hipocampo/cirurgia , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Neuroglia/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos F344 , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to clarify the health effects of implementing a 12-hour shift in place of the traditional 8-hour shift in work in a clean room in an electronic parts producing factory. METHODS: Health-check records during a year or longer before and after the shift change were reviewed regarding subjective symptoms, height, body weight, and blood pressure for 189 male workers who had moved to a 12-hour shift and for 16 male workers who remained on an 8-hour shift. RESULTS: The workers changing to a 12-hour shift showed significant increases in subjective symptoms, particularly psychological symptoms defined as related to fatigue and bodyweight gain, 1 kg on average, in the year after the shift change. Increased symptoms and body weight remained high even another year later. The workers remaining in the 8-hour shift did not show significant changes in symptoms or body weight during the observation. No changes in blood pressure were observed in relation to the shift move. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that implementing a 12-hour shift caused marked psychological fatigue and unhealthy weight gain among some cleanroom workers and that the adaptation to the new work shift did not seem easy for these workers. Working in a clean room can be considered a job in which special caution is needed regarding increased fatigue when a compressed working schedule is implemented. Attention should also be paid to possible weight gain among persons working 12-hour shifts.
Assuntos
Ambiente Controlado , Fadiga Mental/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico , Aumento de Peso , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado , Local de Trabalho , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Pressão Sanguínea , Humanos , Masculino , Fadiga Mental/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and physical fitness tests were administered to 338 workers in clean rooms producing electronic parts in 12-h shifts. The results were compared to those in 95 workers in 8-h shifts and 284 daytime management, clerical and engineering workers. The 12-h shift workers complained of poor health, dissatisfaction with life and poor recuperation from fatigue more than the 8-h shift workers although the rates of complaints were highest in the daytime workers. The GHQ scores were similar in the two shift groups, and much better than those in the daytime workers. However, the 12-h shift workers showed significantly lower fitness levels than the 8-h shift workers, and the levels were even worse than the daytime workers who had higher mean age and BMI levels compared with the shift workers. The tendency to have sedentary freetime activities and larger alcohol and cigarette consumption were observed in the 12-h shift workers. The 12-h shift work may have contributed to the unhealthy behaviors resulting in lower physical fitness levels. Health promotion services at the workplace should devote greater attention to long-hour shift workers, together with devising the ways to improve working conditions and environments for reducing fatigue at work.
Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Eletrônica , Ambiente Controlado , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Indústrias/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/epidemiologia , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Fadiga/epidemiologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Profissionais/psicologia , Transtornos Psicofisiológicos/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado/psicologiaRESUMO
In order to evaluate the effect of higher dose BDP therapy (1200-1660 micrograms/day), we studied 12 asthmatic children (mean age 9.7 years-old) with airflow limitation on respiratory function test who were asymptomatic with high-dose BDP therapy (800 micrograms/day). After 4 weeks of higher dose BDP therapy, FVC, FEV1 and V50 were significantly improved, but those improvement were insufficient compared with those after salbutamol inhalation. The personal best values after salbutamol inhalation were not different in every parameter of respiratory function test between BDP 800 micrograms/day and 1200 micrograms/day. We conclude that less than 800 micrograms of daily BDP is generally adequate for prevention in most asthmatic children, because higher dose BDP therapy is no more effective on respiratory function in those treated with 800 micrograms of daily BDP, and that the best value of respiratory function after salbutamol inhalation is not always a goal of high dose BDP therapy.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos , Asma/fisiopatologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Função RespiratóriaRESUMO
A major problem in the production of transgenic animal bioreactors using microinjections is the low production rate of high-expressing transgenic animals due to the position effect. We previously reported that transgenic rats carrying the 210 kb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) including the human alpha-lactalbumin gene express the transgene in a position-independent manner. The 210 kb YAC was thought to have all the elements necessary for position-independent expression. In this paper, we constructed fragmented YAC clones and a cosmid clone, and produced transgenic rats to analyze these elements. Transgenic rats with both the 50 kb upstream and downstream regions of the alpha-lactalbumin gene had position-independent expression. Transgenic rats with the 20 kb upstream and downstream regions, however, had position-dependent expression. Therefore, all the elements necessary for position-independent expression are thought to be located in the 50 kb upstream to 50 kb downstream region of the alpha-lactalbumin gene. Furthermore, we replaced the human alpha-lactalbumin promoter with the bovine alphaS1-casein promoter in the 210 kb YAC and produced transgenic rats. Position-dependent expression was observed. The elements required for position-independent expression of the bovine alphaS1-casein gene are different from those required for the human alpha-lactalbumin gene, despite the fact that the two genes have the same tissue and developmental specificity.
Assuntos
Cromossomos Artificiais de Levedura/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Lactalbumina/genética , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Caseínas/genética , Bovinos , Clonagem Molecular , Cosmídeos , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/genética , Humanos , Região de Controle de Locus Gênico/genética , Proteínas do Leite/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RatosRESUMO
The Index case, 22 year-old pregnant woman, was admitted for threatened abortion among obstetric ward in X Hospital for 17 days. Two months later, she was admitted for delivery among perinatal ward in another Y Hospital for 5 days. She produced persistent cough and sputum, when she had diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with sputum smear-positive and cavity on 2nd Y hospital day. By 2 years after the detection, 15 TB patients were newly diagnosed. Seven of 15 TB patients were culture positive cases and RFLP analysis of the 7 Mycobacterium TB strains demonstrated an identical banding pattern, thus confirming the spread of a unique strain. Of the 15 TB patients, seven were patients on the obstetric ward. Three were visitors. Two were infants with TB meningitis and miliary TB were not confirmed direct contact with the index case. Another two were family member and one was employee. The present outbreak emphasizes the high risk of TB transmission on obstetric and perinatal ward when the diagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary TB was delayed.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Pacientes Internados , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Japão/epidemiologia , Unidade Hospitalar de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Tuberculose/transmissão , Tuberculose Pulmonar/transmissãoRESUMO
The effect of long-term inhaled steroid therapy on linear growth in asthmatic children is still a point of controversy. We tried to clarify the effect of long-term treatment with inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) on linear growth and final height of asthmatic children. Height data measured annually from 12 years (beginning at age 10 years in most patients) to 20 years of age were retrospectively collected from clinical records in 97 moderate to severe asthmatics (49 boys, 48 girls) born in 1971-1975 who were observed regularly for more than 8 years at our outpatient clinic. Data were expressed as standard deviation scores and were compared between patients treated with BDP (30 boys and 31 girls, mean daily dosages were 300-800 microg) and without BDP. Growth delay in the early period of puberty and catch-up growth in the late period of puberty was found in both patients treated with and without BDP. The age of onset of treatment with BDP inhalation had no influence on linear growth, and asthmatic children receiving optimum treatment eventually attained standard final height for their age group. Long-term treatment with inhaled BDP in conventional doses does not significantly impair linear growth in asthmatic children.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Adulto , Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/fisiopatologia , Beclometasona/efeitos adversos , Beclometasona/uso terapêutico , Estatura , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Resormycin, a novel herbicidal and antifungal antibiotic, was isolated from the cultured broth of streptomycete strain. The strain was isolated from a soil collected at Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, and identified as Streptomyces platensis MJ953-SF5. Resormycin was purified by active charcol, Amberlite IRC-50, Amberlite CG-50 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Resormycin markedly inhibited the growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed. The antibiotic showed antimicrobial activity against phytopathogenic fungi.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Herbicidas/isolamento & purificação , Propionatos/química , Streptomyces/química , Antifúngicos/biossíntese , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultura , Fungos/efeitos dos fármacos , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactuca/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Propionatos/isolamento & purificação , Streptomyces/classificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Asthma has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airway. We have investigated the relationships among the activation markers on lymphocytes, eosinophils, their serum products in the peripheral blood, and the variability of airway obstruction in childhood asthma. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with atopic asthma (mean age, 12 years) were treated regularly and asked to measure their peak expiratory flow (PEF) twice daily for 7 days, Peripheral venous blood was obtained on day 8. RESULTS: The absolute counts of CD4 T lymphocytes expressing the activation marker CD25 in the peripheral blood on day 8 correlated significantly with the values of the coefficient of variation (CV) of both morning PEF (p < 0.01) and night PEF (p < 0.05) obtained over 7 days, but those of CD8+/CD25+ T lymphocytes, those of CD23+ B lymphocytes, and the serum concentrations of soluble CD25 did not. The absolute counts of peripheral blood eosinophils also demonstrated a significant correlation with the CV values of both morning PEF (p < 0.01) and night PEF (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: CD4 T-lymphocyte activation and increased counts of eosinophils in peripheral blood correlate with CV of PEF in patients with asthma, suggesting that CV of PEF is a good marker for assessing not only the variability of airway obstruction but also the degree of airway inflammation.
Assuntos
Asma/imunologia , Asma/fisiopatologia , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório/imunologia , Adolescente , Análise de Variância , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Criança , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
We examined the lung deposition rate of DSCG with three kinds of electric nebulizer (NE-U03, Pari-Master, Nisshou) on 5 pediatrician skilled with inhalation therapy (31-54 years of age). Excretion of DSCG for 4 hours after inhalation in urine were highest in NE-U03 group, second in Pari-Master group and least in Nisshou group. And then we studied bronchodilating effect of sulbutamol on 18 children (7-17 years of age) with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma with NE-U03 and Pari-Master. Asthmatic symptom score, SaO2 and pulmonary function were examined before and after inhalation. The delta %FVC, delta %FEV1.0, delta %PEF, delta %V50 and delta %V25 using NE-U03 were 10.3%, 19.1%, 25.5%, 32.5%, and 29.3% in NE-U03 group and 10.6%, 15.9%, 24.1%, 25.4% and 21.3% in Pari-Master group. The data of pulmonary obstraction in NE-03 group were better than that in Pari-Master group. From our data it is obvious that 3 kinds of electric nebulizers have different efficacy in regard to the lung deposition dose of inhaled drugs. When we compare the efficacy of drugs. When we compare the efficacy of drugs for nebulizer inhalation therapy, we should use the drug dose attained to lung and not nominal drug dose in principle.
Assuntos
Cromolina Sódica/administração & dosagem , Pulmão/metabolismo , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Adolescente , Adulto , Albuterol/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Cromolina Sódica/farmacocinética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We evaluated the alterations of the brain stem and mid-latency evoked potentials (BAEP and MLAEP) in 10-patients who were scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under oxygen-nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia. With oxygen 2 l.min-1 and nitrous oxide 4 l.min-1, we measured the latency of BAEP and MLAEP at the end-expired sevoflurane concentrations of 0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The latency of BAEP was slightly prolonged with oxygen-nitrous oxide-sevoflurane anesthesia. The latency of MLAEP was markedly prolonged with the increase of sevoflurane concentration, and all waves but Na wave disappeared at the 2.0% sevoflurane concentration.
Assuntos
Anestesia por Inalação , Anestésicos Inalatórios , Éteres , Potenciais Evocados Auditivos do Tronco Encefálico , Éteres Metílicos , Óxido Nitroso , Oxigênio , Abdome/cirurgia , Idoso , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , SevofluranoRESUMO
We performed a retrospective analysis of the history of BCG vaccination of 367 childhood patients who were treated for active tuberculosis (TB) in our hospital from 1976 to 1994. Fifty-eight percent of 367 cases, 83.1% of cases under 5 years of age and 92% of tuberculous meningitis had not received BCG. To investigate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against TB, we carried out case-control studies using 59 patients with TB and 118 controls without TB. The cases were patients treated for TB in our hospital from 1988 through Nov. 1994. Two controls were chosen for every case with matching for sex, age at admission, year of admission and place of residence. Based on whole 59 pairs, BCG vaccination was shown to have protective efficacy of 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57-89%). For 34 pairs of under 5 years of age, estimated efficacy was 92% (95%CI, 80-97%), for primary pulmonary disease (27 pairs) it was 92% (95%CI, 78-97%). For bacteriologically confirmed TB (27 pairs), it was 84% (95%CI, 58-94%), while for bacterilogically negative TB (32 pairs) 71% (95%CI, 27-89%). Our results indicate that BCG vaccination with multipuncture methold protected considerably against TB in infants including primary pulmonary TB.
Assuntos
Vacina BCG , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
To evaluate the influences of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP), 7.3-30.9 (15.5 +/- 6.5) micrograms/kg/day, on bone metabolism and height growth, we performed a longitudinal study for 6 months in 34 children with asthma aged between 3 and 15 years. Bone mineral density estimated by digital image processing method (DIP) and serum level of osteocalcin did not show any significant change, but height growth was slightly suppressed in the patients who inhaled more than 15 micrograms/kg/day of BDP. We concluded that the decision to prescribe inhaled BDP should be made on the balance of the clinical effects and the improvement of quality of life against the possibility of side effects.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Beclometasona/efeitos adversos , Estatura/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Crescimento/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/fisiopatologia , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , MasculinoRESUMO
We performed a retrospective analysis of 358 patients who were treated for active TB in our hospital from 1976 to 1993. The rate of primary pulmonary tuberculosis was 49.0% and post primary pulmonary tuberculosis was 25.6%. But the rate of tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis was 7% respectively. Fatal cases of tuberculous meningitis had continued. Seventy-four percent out of 358 patients had a contact history with active tuberculosis. Main source of infection were their father, mother and grandparents. Thirty-two percent of patients had received BCG. Only 12.6% out of the patients under 5 years of age had received BCG. Only nine percent of 23 cases with tuberculous meningitis had received BCG. If the Ministry of Health and Welfare criteria of chemoprophylaxis was indicated rigidly, about 40% of patients who needed chemoprophylaxis in this study would have been overlooked. Indication of chemoprophylaxis should be decided in each patient flexibly. The study of the contact examination showed that two thirds toddler had tuberculosis within two months after detection of source of infection. Thirty percent of the patients in this study were preventable if contact examination and chemoprophylaxis were appropriately done. In the study of drug susceptibility of TB bacilli from 71 patients, 14 strains were resistant to at least one drug. The resistant rate to each drug was higher than adult resistant rate. In order to eliminate childhood TB, the following is necessary: 1) BCG vaccination in the early infancy. 2) prompt and appropriate contact examination and chemoprophylaxis, 3) infection control against drug resistant bacilli.