RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Video games are interactive technologies able to support children in health promotion, behavior changes, and chronic disease self-management. The use of health behavior change determinants in video game design can increase its effectiveness. This study describes the process of designing a video game for Brazilian children with T1D clarifying the use of health behavior change determinants that may influence self-management behaviors. METHODS: This was a methodological study based on health behavior change theories and the user-centered design approach. The results of a qualitative study conducted with children aged 7 to 12 years identified learning needs about knowledge on diabetes and self-care tasks which contribute to inappropriate behaviors. A Behavioral Diagnosis presented health behavior change determinants, capable of influencing children's learning needs and behaviors, that were considered to design The Heroes of Diabetes-the power of knowledge. RESULTS: The results presented the process of designing 4 mini games with its description and theory foundation to reach children's lack of understanding about T1D, insulin's role, SMBG requirements, food groups and physical activity's role in glycemic control. Knowledge, goal settings, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation determinants were related with video games design features. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the use of health behavior change determinants into video game design as a guide to achieve children learning needs and that might influence self-management behaviors.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Jogos de Vídeo , Criança , Humanos , Autocuidado/métodos , Brasil , Comportamentos Relacionados com a SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to present a theoretically based conceptual framework for designing video games for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: this was a methodological study that developed a conceptual framework with nine steps in view of health behavior change theories and the user-centered design approach as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Twenty-one children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated by expressing their needs and preferences related to diabetes and video games. Data were analysed following content analysis guidelines. Then, a choice of appropriate health behavioral change theories and their determinants that should be capable of influencing children's behaviors and preferences. RESULTS: the conceptual framework proposes a video game that consists of six phases, each addressing one stage of behavioral change and specific determinants, aligned with the needs and preferences identified by the participating children. This study shows the applicability of this framework in view of each proposed phase presenting examples and the children's ideas. CONCLUSION: the results of this study contribute to advance the discussion on how behavioral theories and their determinants should be related to the design of creative and funny video games considering the profile of the target population as well as its needs and preferences.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Autocuidado/métodos , Jogos de Vídeo , Criança , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos TeóricosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to present a theoretically based conceptual framework for designing video games for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: this was a methodological study that developed a conceptual framework with nine steps in view of health behavior change theories and the user-centered design approach as theoretical and methodological frameworks, respectively. Twenty-one children, aged 7 to 12 years, participated by expressing their needs and preferences related to diabetes and video games. Data were analysed following content analysis guidelines. Then, a choice of appropriate health behavioral change theories and their determinants that should be capable of influencing children's behaviors and preferences. Results: the conceptual framework proposes a video game that consists of six phases, each addressing one stage of behavioral change and specific determinants, aligned with the needs and preferences identified by the participating children. This study shows the applicability of this framework in view of each proposed phase presenting examples and the children's ideas. Conclusion: the results of this study contribute to advance the discussion on how behavioral theories and their determinants should be related to the design of creative and funny video games considering the profile of the target population as well as its needs and preferences.
RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar uma estrutura teórica conceitual para o desenvolvimento de videogames para crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: este estudo metodológico desenvolveu uma estrutura conceitual com nove etapas, baseada em teorias de mudança de comportamentos em saúde e na abordagem do desenho centrado no usuário como referencial teórico e metodológico, respectivamente. Vinte e uma crianças entre 7 a 12 anos participaram do estudo, expressando suas necessidades e preferências relacionadas ao diabetes e videogames. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com as diretrizes de análise de conteúdo. Em seguida, foram selecionadas teorias de mudança de comportamentos em saúde e seus determinantes, que pudessem ser capazes de influenciar os comportamentos e preferências das crianças. Resultados: a estrutura conceitual propõe um videogame composto por seis fases, cada uma tratando de um estágio de mudança de comportamento e com determinantes específicos, alinhados às necessidades e preferências identificadas. O estudo mostra a aplicabilidade da estrutura desenvolvida, considerando cada fase proposta, apresentando exemplos e ideias das crianças. Conclusão: os resultados da pesquisa contribuem para o avanço nas discussões de como as teorias comportamentais e seus determinantes devem estar relacionados ao desenho de videogames criativos e divertidos, considerando o perfil da população alvo, assim como suas necessidades e preferências.
RESUMEN Objetivo: presentar una estructura teórica conceptual para el desarrollo de videojuegos para niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Métodos: este estudio metodológico desarrolló una estructura conceptual con nueve etapas, basada en teorías de cambio de comportamientos en salud y en el enfoque del diseño centrado en el usuario como referencial teórico y metodológico, respectivamente. Veintiún niños entre 7 y 12 años participaron del estudio, expresando sus necesidades y preferencias relacionadas a la diabetes y a los videojuegos. Los datos fueron analizados de acuerdo con las directrices del análisis de contenido. Enseguida, fueron seleccionadas las teorías de cambio de comportamientos en salud y sus determinantes, que pudieran ser capaces de influenciar los comportamientos y preferencias de los niños. Resultados: la estructura conceptual propone un videojuego compuesto por seis fases, cada una tratando de una etapa de cambio de comportamiento y con determinantes especificos, alineados a las necesidades y preferencias identificadas. El estudio muestra la aplicabilidad de la estructura desarrollada, considerando cada fase propuesta, presentando ejemplos e ideas de los niños. Conclusión: los resultados de la investigación contribuyen para el avance en las discusiones de como las teorías comportamentales y sus determinantes deben estar relacionados al diseño de videojuegos creativos y divertidos, considerando el perfil de la población objetivo, así como sus necesidades y preferencias.