RESUMO
Abstract Interscalene brachial plexus (ISB) block is considered the analgesic technique of choice for shoulder surgery. However, the hemidiaphragmatic paresis that may occur after the block has led to the search for an alternative to the ISB block. In this case report, the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block was performed for both surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in two patients who underwent shoulder surgery. It is suggested that the PENG block can be safely applied for analgesia and can be part of surgical anesthesia, but alone is not sufficient for anesthesia. The block of this area did not cause motor block or pulmonary complications, nor result in muscle laxity, blocking only the shoulder and the upper third of the humerus. It was demonstrated that the PENG block may be safely applied for both partial anesthesia and analgesia in selected shoulder surgery cases.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial/métodos , Analgesia , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Artroscopia/métodos , Ombro/cirurgia , Ombro/inervação , Nervo FemoralRESUMO
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex condition which has an intricate pathology mostly involving hemodynamic, inflammatory, and direct toxic effects at the cellular level with high morbidity and mortality ratios. Renal ischemic reperfusion injury (RIRI) is the main factor responsible for AKI, most often observed in different types of shock, kidney transplantation, sepsis, and postoperative procedures. The RIRI-induced AKI is accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species generation together with the activation of various inflammatory pathways. In this context, plant-derived medicines have shown encouraging nephroprotective properties. Evidence provided in this systemic review leads to the conclusion that plant-derived extracts and compounds exhibit nephroprotective action against renal ischemic reperfusion induced-AKI by increasing endogenous antioxidants and decreasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, there is no defined biomarker or target which can be used for treating AKI completely. These plant-derived extracts and compounds are only tested in selected transgenic animal models. To develop the results obtained into a therapeutic entity, one should apply them in proper vertebrate multitransgenic animal models prior to further validation in humans.
RESUMO
Interscalene brachial plexus (ISB) block is considered the analgesic technique of choice for shoulder surgery. However, the hemidiaphragmatic paresis that may occur after the block has led to the search for an alternative to the ISB block. In this case report, the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block was performed for both surgical anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in two patients who underwent shoulder surgery. It is suggested that the PENG block can be safely applied for analgesia and can be part of surgical anesthesia, but alone is not sufficient for anesthesia. The block of this area did not cause motor block or pulmonary complications, nor result in muscle laxity, blocking only the shoulder and the upper third of the humerus. It was demonstrated that the PENG block may be safely applied for both partial anesthesia and analgesia in selected shoulder surgery cases.
Assuntos
Analgesia , Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial , Artroscopia/métodos , Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial/métodos , Nervo Femoral , Humanos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Ombro/inervação , Ombro/cirurgiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in axial length after intravitreal dexamethasone implantation in patients with macular edema. METHODS: We performed a prospective comparative study of 46 patients with unilateral macular edema, due to diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, and non-infectious uveitis, who underwent dexamethasone implantation. The fellow eyes of the patients were considered the control group. The central macular thickness was measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and axial length was measured by IOLMaster 700 optical coherence biometry. We compared axial length and central macular thickness values within the groups. RESULTS: In the study group, the baseline central macular thickness was 460.19 ± 128.64 mm, significantly decreasing to 324.00 ± 79.84 mm after dexamethasone implantation (p=0.000). No significant change in central macular thickness measurements was seen in the control group (p=0.244). In the study group, the baseline axial length was 23.16 ± 0.68 mm, significantly increasing to 23.22 ± 0.65 mm after dexamethasone implantation (p=0.039). However, the control group exhibited no significant change in axial length (p=0.123). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to significantly reducing central macular thickness measurements, intravitreal dexamethasone implantation also significantly changes optical biometry-based axial length measurements.
Assuntos
Comprimento Axial do Olho/efeitos dos fármacos , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Injeções Intravítreas/métodos , Macula Lutea/efeitos dos fármacos , Edema Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comprimento Axial do Olho/patologia , Biometria/métodos , Retinopatia Diabética/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Macula Lutea/patologia , Edema Macular/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade VisualRESUMO
Species of Polygala genus have been used for the treatment of inflamation and pain in Turkish traditional medicine. The aim of the present study is to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of P. anatolica. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the aerial parts and roots of P. anatolica were investigated for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The methanol extracts prepared from the aerial parts and roots of P. anatolica were found to be active in carrageenan- and PGE2-induced paw edema models and in Whittle method. Methanolic extract of the aerial part inhibited serotonin-induced hind paw edema, while the root extract did not exert inhibitory effect in the same model. In addition, Fr. B and C obtained from the methanol extract of P. anatolica aerial parts showed significant anti- inflammatory activity. Morover, the analgesic effect of the methanol extracts prepared from the roots and aerial parts and Fr.B and Fr.C were found to be statistically significant without inducing ulceration. The methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of the plant and its saponoside and flavonoid fractions showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in the trials.
Las especies del geÌnero Polygala se han utilizado para el tratamiento de la inflamacioÌn y el dolor en la medicina tradicional turca. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar las actividades antiinflamatorias y analgeÌsicas de P. anatolica. Se investigaron los extractos de n-hexano, acetato de etilo y metanol de las partes aeÌreas y raiÌces de P. anatolica por sus efectos antiinflamatorios y analgeÌsicos. Los extractos de metanol preparados a partir de las partes aeÌreas y raiÌces de P. anatolica se encontraron activos en modelos de edema de pata inducidos por carragenina y PGE2 por el meÌtodo de Whittle. El extracto metanoÌlico de la parte aeÌrea inhibioÌ el edema de la pata trasera inducido por serotonina, mientras que el extracto de raiÌz no ejercioÌ un efecto inhibidor en el mismo modelo. En suma, la fraccioÌn B y C obtenidos a partir del extracto metanoÌlico de partes aeÌreas de P. anatolica mostraron actividad antiinflamatoria significativa. AdemaÌs, el efecto analgeÌsico de los extractos de metanol preparados a partir de las raiÌces y las partes aeÌreas y la fraccioÌn B y C resultaron ser estadiÌsticamente significativas sin inducir la ulceracioÌn. El extracto de metanol obtenido de las partes aeÌreas de la planta y sus fracciones de saponoÌsidos y flavonoides mostraron actividades antiinflamatorias y analgeÌsicas en los ensayos.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Polygala , Edema/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Permeabilidade Capilar/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/química , Metanol/farmacologia , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Yucca schidigera Ortgies, Asparagaceae, is a herbaceous plant. Due to the high saponin content the powdered branches and leaves are used as natural food additive for human and animal. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Y. schidigera extracts on plasma leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, insulin, thyroid hormones and some biochemical parameters in mice fed a high-fat diet. Male Swiss Albino mice were divided into seven equal groups. Group I (negative control group) was given standard diet; Group II was given high-fat diet; Group III was given high-fat diet with carboxymethylcellulose; Groups IV–VII were given hexane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Y. schidigera and high-fat diet via gastric gavage for 60 days. High-fat diet significantly increased plasma leptin, insulin, free T3 hormone, glucose, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triacylglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and significantly decreased plasma ghrelin, adiponectin and free T4 hormone levels. On the other hand, hormone levels, lipid profile and biochemical parameters were improved by the administration of the PE extract. Y. schidigera extracts could be used as preventive medicine in nutritional disorders via regulating energy metabolism and hormonal functions.
RESUMO
Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the activity of the hazelnut oil in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, serum lipid parameters, leptin and glucose levels were evaluated. Moreover, antioxidant activity was tested using superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase levels. The phytosterol content of the oil was determined by HPLC. The plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be significantly high and leptin and glucose concentrations were found to be significantly low in the treatment group. According to the phytochemical analysis, the main components of the oil were detected as α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. Corylus avellana oil was found to be effective in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome via regulating gonadotropins, steroids and serum lipid parameters and possesses antioxidant activity.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Administração por Inalação , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of pelvicaliceal anatomical differences on the etiology of lower caliceal stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of adult patients between January 1996 and December 2005 with solitary lower caliceal stone were reviewed. After exclusion of patients with hydronephrosis, major renal anatomic anomalies, non-calcium stones, history of recurrent stone disease and previous renal surgery, 78 patients were enrolled into the study. Lower pole infundibulopelvic angle (IPA), infundibulovertebral angle (IVA), infundibular length (IL), width (IW), number of minor calices and cortical thickness of the lower pole together with other caliceal variables obtained from the whole pelvicaliceal anatomy of both stone-bearing and contralateral normal kidneys were measured from intravenous pyelogram of the patients. Total pelvicaliceal volume was also calculated by a previously described formula for both kidneys. RESULTS: There were statistically significant difference between two kidneys in terms of IW (p < 0.001) and IL (p = 0.002) of the upper calyx, IW (p = 0.001) and IVA (p < 0.001) of the lower calyx), pelvicaliceal volume (p < 0.001), IPA of middle calyx (p = 0.006) and cortical thickness over the lower pole (p < 0.001). However there was no difference between stone-bearing and contralateral normal kidneys in terms of lower pole IPA (p = 0.864) and IL (p = 0.568). CONCLUSION: Pelvicaliceal volume but not lower caliceal properties seem to be a risk factor for stone formation in lower calyx.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais/etiologia , Cálices Renais/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Cálices Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , UrografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of pelvicaliceal anatomical differences on the etiology of lower caliceal stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of adult patients between January 1996 and December 2005 with solitary lower caliceal stone were reviewed. After exclusion of patients with hydronephrosis, major renal anatomic anomalies, non-calcium stones, history of recurrent stone disease and previous renal surgery, 78 patients were enrolled into the study. Lower pole infundibulopelvic angle (IPA), infundibulovertebral angle (IVA), infundibular length (IL), width (IW), number of minor calices and cortical thickness of the lower pole together with other caliceal variables obtained from the whole pelvicaliceal anatomy of both stone-bearing and contralateral normal kidneys were measured from intravenous pyelogram of the patients. Total pelvicaliceal volume was also calculated by a previously described formula for both kidneys. RESULTS: There were statistically significant difference between two kidneys in terms of IW (p < 0.001) and IL (p = 0.002) of the upper calyx, IW (p = 0.001) and IVA (p < 0.001) of the lower calyx), pelvicaliceal volume (p < 0.001), IPA of middle calyx (p = 0.006) and cortical thickness over the lower pole (p < 0.001). However there was no difference between stone-bearing and contralateral normal kidneys in terms of lower pole IPA (p = 0.864) and IL (p = 0.568). CONCLUSION: Pelvicaliceal volume but not lower caliceal properties seem to be a risk factor for stone formation in lower calyx.