RESUMO
We report 10 HTLV-I virus seropositive subjects, eight of them with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM), two of them also infected with HIV as well as two asymptomatic HTLV-I+ relatives of two unrelated patients. HTLV-I is endemic in several tropical areas, where it causes different neurological diseases. Only few patients have been reported in our country since 1994. We studied 8 patients, who fulfilled the clinical criteria for chronic spastic paraplegia, and 2 other non-symptomatic HTLV-I seropositive relatives, with electromyography (EMG), motor and sensory conduction velocities (NCV), somatosensory, visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (SSEP, VEP and BAEP), Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and cerobrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The latter was carried out only in seven symptomatic patients. In every case positive ELISA tests for HTLV-I/II were confirmed by Western Blot. The two asymptomatic persons were clinically and electromyographically assessed, one of them was also submitted to SSEPs studies. Three patients were males. Patients ages ranged from 5 to 65 years old. All symptomatic patients showed muscular weakness, spasticity with pyramidal signs and sphincter disturbances. Five of them had paresthesias and 2 had burning pain on their feet. The EMGS and the NCVs were normal in 7 patients and in the 2 asymptomatic ones. SSEPs, obtained by stimulating the posterior tibial nerves, were impaired in 7 patients and in the asymptomatic person who received the procedure. The 7 symptomatic patients who underwnt lumbar puncture had positive tests for HTLV-I in CSF, 3 out of these 7 patients had also high protein levels and 4 had increased number of lymphocytes. In 2 patients intrathecal IgG production could also be demonstrated. MRI were normal in 7 patients and in the 2 asymptomatics, the exception being a female who had bilateral hypertense lesions in cerebral white matter in T2. In conclusion, tropical spastic paraparesis is apparently a rare disorder in Argentina. However, some cases have been reported recently. Most probably, its prevalence is currently underestimated. Its diagnosis should be considered in every patient with progressive spastic paraplegia. (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Western Blotting , Argentina/epidemiologia , Eletromiografia , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We report 10 HTLV-I virus seropositive subjects, eight of them with HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM), two of them also infected with HIV as well as two asymptomatic HTLV-I+ relatives of two unrelated patients. HTLV-I is endemic in several tropical areas, where it causes different neurological diseases. Only few patients have been reported in our country since 1994. We studied 8 patients, who fulfilled the clinical criteria for chronic spastic paraplegia, and 2 other non-symptomatic HTLV-I seropositive relatives, with electromyography (EMG), motor and sensory conduction velocities (NCV), somatosensory, visual and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (SSEP, VEP and BAEP), Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) and cerobrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. The latter was carried out only in seven symptomatic patients. In every case positive ELISA tests for HTLV-I/II were confirmed by Western Blot. The two asymptomatic persons were clinically and electromyographically assessed, one of them was also submitted to SSEPs studies. Three patients were males. Patient's ages ranged from 5 to 65 years old. All symptomatic patients showed muscular weakness, spasticity with pyramidal signs and sphincter disturbances. Five of them had paresthesias and 2 had burning pain on their feet. The EMGS and the NCVs were normal in 7 patients and in the 2 asymptomatic ones. SSEPs, obtained by stimulating the posterior tibial nerves, were impaired in 7 patients and in the asymptomatic person who received the procedure. The 7 symptomatic patients who underwnt lumbar puncture had positive tests for HTLV-I in CSF, 3 out of these 7 patients had also high protein levels and 4 had increased number of lymphocytes. In 2 patients intrathecal IgG production could also be demonstrated. MRI were normal in 7 patients and in the 2 asymptomatics, the exception being a female who had bilateral hypertense lesions in cerebral white matter in T2. In conclusion, tropical spastic paraparesis is apparently a rare disorder in Argentina. However, some cases have been reported recently. Most probably, its prevalence is currently underestimated. Its diagnosis should be considered in every patient with progressive spastic paraplegia.
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Humanos , Potenciais Evocados , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/fisiopatologia , Argentina , Western Blotting , Eletromiografia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
Las enfermedades mitocondriales son patologías que afectan en forma primaria a la mitocondria, con repercusión clínica sistémica variada, determinando sus diversas formas clínicas. Se presenta un paciente de 19 años, que fue visto por vez primera en 1993 con un cuadro de miopatía de 10 años de evolución, diplopía, disminución de la agudeza visual y trastornos fonodeglutorios progresivos. El examen clínico evidenció atrofia muscular generalizada, ligera debilidad en la flexoextensión de cuello, hiporreflexia generalizada, dismetría en pruebas índice-índice y talón-rodilla bilateral, ptosis bipalpebral y mirada congelada. En el fondo de ojo se observó la existencia de una retinitis pigmentaria. El EMG mostró signos de compromiso primario del músculo, con velocidades de conducción nerviosa normales. El examen físico-químico de LCR fue normal, excepto por el moderado aumento del ácido láctico. La biopsia muscular mostró la existencia de un 15,4 por ciento de fibras "ragged red"y la presencia de incremento anómalo de la reactividad oxidativa mitocondrial subsarcolemal. En febrero de 1995 presentó un cuadro de insuficiencia cardíaca derecha, acompañado de empeoramiento clínico generalizado. El examen neurológico, en esta ocasión, reveló la presencia de mialgias y aumento de la debilidad muscular universal. Un ecocardiograma modo M y bidimensional, reveló ligera dilatación biventricular e hipertrofia leve del ventrículo izquierdo, con función sistólica global ventricular izquierda conservada. Una nueva biopsia muscular para estudio del DNA mitocondrial halló una cancelación común de 5 Kb, con un 80 por ciento de heteroplasmia. En definitiva, se trata de un paciente con una enfermedad mitocondrial, cuyo fenotipo correspondía al síndrome de Kearns-Sayre, que desarrolló un cuadro cardiológico compatible con una insuficiencia cardíaca aguda, debido a una miocardiopatía dilatada, asociación que ha sido descripta en la literatura con escasa frecuencia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre/complicações , Ecocardiografia , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Síndrome de Kearns-Sayre/diagnóstico , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
La amiodarona (AMD) es una droga antiarritmica cuyos efectos adversos pueden comprometer el sistema nervioso central y periferico. La aparicion de un sindrome cerebeloso es infrecuente. Se presenta un paciente masculino de 56 años de edad que desarolla un sindrome pancerebeloso de 4 meses de evolución, que revieste luego de la suspensión de la AMD. El cuadro reaparece meses mas tarde luego de un periodo de automedicación con la droga. Los mecanismos toxicos por los cuales la AMD afecta al cerebelo permanecen inciertos. Esta droga de amplia difusion en nuestro medio, como otros antiarritmicos, posee efectos sobre el sistema nervioso que deben ser tenidos en cuenta a fin de poder detectarlos precozmente