RESUMO
Synthetic selective modulators of the estrogen receptors (SERMs) have shown to protect neurons and glial cells against toxic insults. Among the most relevant beneficial effects attributed to these compounds are the regulation of inflammation, attenuation of astrogliosis and microglial activation, prevention of excitotoxicity and as a consequence the reduction of neuronal cell death. Under pathological conditions, the mechanism of action of the SERMs involves the activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) and G protein-coupled receptor for estrogens (GRP30). These receptors trigger neuroprotective responses such as increasing the expression of antioxidants and the activation of kinase-mediated survival signaling pathways. Despite the advances in the knowledge of the pathways activated by the SERMs, their mechanism of action is still not entirely clear, and there are several controversies. In this review, we focused on the molecular pathways activated by SERMs in brain cells, mainly astrocytes, as a response to treatment with raloxifene and tamoxifen.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Encefalopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Cloridrato de Raloxifeno/farmacologia , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/metabolismo , Moduladores Seletivos de Receptor Estrogênico/farmacologia , Tamoxifeno/farmacologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Abstract Due to land use change mainly for induced agriculture, Tamaulipan thornscrubin northeast Mexico has been cleared and transformed into small patches of vegetation as small as isolated trees surrounded by agricultural fields. In this study, we explored how tree isolation or growing inside a fragment of remnant vegetation influence diversity of coleopterans in two plant species (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. &Bonpl.exWilld.) M.C. Johnst. (mesquite) and Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby (Texas ebony). We found 72 coleopteran morphospecies; fifteen occurred mainly in remnant fragments and ten mainly in isolated trees. There were more insects under isolated mesquites than under those immersed in remnant fragments, while in Texas ebony the highest beetle density for isolated trees coincided with periods of bean and maize in surrounding agriculture.
Resumo Devido a mudança de uso da terra para induzir principalmente a agricultura, o bioma thornscrub no nordeste México tem sido transformado em fragmentos pequenos como árvores isoladas rodeadas por campos agrícolas. Neste estudo exploramos como o isolamento das árvores influi na diversidade de coleópteros em duas espécies de plantas (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl.ex Willd) M.C. Johnst. (mesquite) e Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby (Texas ebony). Encontramos 72 morfospecies do coleópteros; quinze ocorreram principalmente em fragmentos remanescentes e dez em árvores isoladas. No estudo houve mais insetos nas “mesquite” isoladas do que nos fragmentos remanescentes do bioma thornscrub, enquanto que em “Texas ebony” a densidade alta de coleópteros para árvores isoladas coincidiu com períodos de produção de feijão e milho na agricultura ao redor.
Assuntos
Animais , Árvores , Besouros , Prosopis , Biodiversidade , Fabaceae , Texas , Zea mays , Agricultura , MéxicoRESUMO
Due to land use change mainly for induced agriculture, Tamaulipan thornscrubin northeast Mexico has been cleared and transformed into small patches of vegetation as small as isolated trees surrounded by agricultural fields. In this study, we explored how tree isolation or growing inside a fragment of remnant vegetation influence diversity of coleopterans in two plant species (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. &Bonpl.exWilld.) M.C. Johnst. (mesquite) and Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby (Texas ebony). We found 72 coleopteran morphospecies; fifteen occurred mainly in remnant fragments and ten mainly in isolated trees. There were more insects under isolated mesquites than under those immersed in remnant fragments, while in Texas ebony the highest beetle density for isolated trees coincided with periods of bean and maize in surrounding agriculture.(AU)
Devido a mudança de uso da terra para induzir principalmente a agricultura, o bioma thornscrub no nordeste México tem sido transformado em fragmentos pequenos como árvores isoladas rodeadas por campos agrícolas. Neste estudo exploramos como o isolamento das árvores influi na diversidade de coleópteros em duas espécies de plantas (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl.ex Willd) M.C. Johnst. (mesquite) e Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby (Texas ebony). Encontramos 72 morfospecies do coleópteros; quinze ocorreram principalmente em fragmentos remanescentes e dez em árvores isoladas. No estudo houve mais insetos nas mesquite isoladas do que nos fragmentos remanescentes do bioma thornscrub, enquanto que em Texas ebony a densidade alta de coleópteros para árvores isoladas coincidiu com períodos de produção de feijão e milho na agricultura ao redor.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Besouros/classificação , Biodiversidade , Demografia , MéxicoRESUMO
Due to land use change mainly for induced agriculture, Tamaulipan thornscrubin northeast Mexico has been cleared and transformed into small patches of vegetation as small as isolated trees surrounded by agricultural fields. In this study, we explored how tree isolation or growing inside a fragment of remnant vegetation influence diversity of coleopterans in two plant species (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. &Bonpl.exWilld.) M.C. Johnst. (mesquite) and Ebenopsis ebano (Berl.) Barneby (Texas ebony). We found 72 coleopteran morphospecies; fifteen occurred mainly in remnant fragments and ten mainly in isolated trees. There were more insects under isolated mesquites than under those immersed in remnant fragments, while in Texas ebony the highest beetle density for isolated trees coincided with periods of bean and maize in surrounding agriculture.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Besouros , Fabaceae , Prosopis , Árvores , Agricultura , Animais , México , Texas , Zea maysRESUMO
Concentrations of total serum IgE were measured by an immunoenzymatic assay (Phadezym-PRIST) in 60 mexican onchocerciasis patients. In order to detect IgE antibodies against adult Onchocerca volvulus antigens, separately six onchocerciasis sera were depleted of IgE antibodies by using a mixture of Onchocerca gutturosa, Ascaris suum and Fasciola hepatica antigenic extracts coupled with sepharose 4B. Additionally, the sera were incubated with an adult O. volvulus antigenic extract coupled with sepharose 4B. The differences found between the IgE levels before and after incubation with heterologous antigens show that the median IgE value against O. volvulus adults antigens varies between 20 and 65 percent of the total serum IgE.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/análise , Imunoglobulina E/análise , Oncocercose/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
Se analiza la tasa de acepcion de un servicio de salud, incluido en un programa de deteccion y prevencion de riesgo perinatal en una muestra de poblacion abierta y urbana, independientemente de su estado de salud y que no necesariamente se percibia como demandante. Se describe la experiencia realizada en el perido de 1980 a 1981, en la zona noroeste de la ciudad de Mexico utilizando los siguientes indicadores: unidades habitacionales visitadas, mujeres censadas, mujeres con capacidad reproductiva (susceptibles), mujeres que aceptaron asistir a la evolucion (citadas) y mujeres que acudieron a la evaluacion (captadas).El analisis de los rendimientos mostro un incremento significativo entre 1980 y 1981 el cual parece asociarse a la experiencia de los encuestadores, sobre todo en lo que se refiere al trabajo extramuros y a la divulgacion de las actividades de la institucion (Instituto Nacional de Perinatologia-DIF) en la comunidad.En relacion con la aceptacion del servicio de salud se encontro una asociacion inversa y significativa entre esta y el costo y tiempo de transporte hacia el Instituto
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Serviços de Saúde Materna , Bem-Estar MaternoRESUMO
El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar si lo descrito en la literatura en relacion a que la velocidad de conduccion nerviosa periferica depende de la edad gestacional y no se modifica con el peso al nacimiento en recien nacidos de termino hipotroficos es reproducible en recien nacidos pretermino, tambien hipotroficos. Se estudiaron 39 recien nacidos de los cuales 26 fueron pretermino v de ellos, 15 fueron hipotroficos al nacimiento. Los resultados muestran evidencia significativa de que el peso al nacimiento si influye sobre la velocidad de conduccion disminuyendola, ya que tanto cualitativa como cuantitativamente se demostraron diferencias al comparar los valores obtenidos en los recien nacidos eutroficos con los de los hipotroficos. Se senala la potencialidad de la velocidad de conduccion como un indicador que refleja el grado de maduracion del sistema nervioso y que pone de manifiesto el efecto que sobre dicho proceso tienen las condiciones adversas que conducen a retardo en el crecimiento intra-uterino.Velocidad de conduccion nerviosa, Recien nacidos hipotroficos