RESUMO
Soil-transmitted-helminth (STH) infections continue to be a persistent global public health problem. Control strategies for STH have been based on the use of mass drug administration (MDA). Coverage and compliance assessment is critical to understanding the true effectiveness of albendazole (ABZ) in those MDA programs. The aims of this work were to characterize the pattern of albendazole and metabolites excretion in human saliva, and to develop a saliva-based biomarker (HPLC drug/metabolite detection) useful to accurately estimate the coverage/compliance in MDA campaigns. The study subjects were 12 healthy volunteers treated with a single oral dose of ABZ (400 mg). Saliva and blood (dried blood spot, DBS) samples were taken previously and between 2 and 72 h post-treatment. The samples were analyzed by HPLC with UV detection, C18 reversed-phase column. ABZ sulphoxide was the main analyte recovered up to 72 h p.t. in blood and saliva. The concentration profiles measured in the blood (DBS samples) were higher (P < 0.05) than those in saliva, however, this ABZ-metabolite was recovered longer in saliva. The in vivo measurement of drugs/metabolites in saliva samples from ABZ-treated volunteers offers strong scientific evidence to support the use of saliva as a valid biological sample for assessing compliance in MDA programs.
Assuntos
Albendazol , Anti-Helmínticos , Humanos , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Saliva/metabolismo , Administração Massiva de Medicamentos , Cooperação do PacienteRESUMO
Viral infections during pregnancy have been one of the leading causes associated with significant perinatal problems, such as congenital defects, fetal neurological syndromes, stillbirths, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The mpox virus infection, caused by an Orthopoxvirus related to the human smallpox virus, was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization in July 2022 due to the large number of cases emerging outside the usual endemic area in Africa. There is little information on the impact of mpox virus infection during pregnancy, although the limited evidence available shows a high rate of fetal harm. This review addresses the problem of mpox virus infection in pregnant women and provides indications for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Mpox , Doenças Negligenciadas , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , África , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Mpox/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The classical three-body harmonic system in [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) with finite rest lengths and zero total angular momentum [Formula: see text] is considered. This model describes the dynamics of the [Formula: see text] near-equilibrium configurations of three point masses [Formula: see text] with arbitrary pairwise potential [Formula: see text] that solely depends on the relative distances between bodies. It exhibits an interesting mixed regular and chaotic dynamics as a function of the energy and the system parameters. The corresponding harmonic quantum system plays a fundamental role in atomic and molecular physics. In this work we report on a novel electronic experimental realization of the model as a complementary tool to analyze the rich dynamics of the classical system. Our setup allows us to experimentally explore different regions of behavior due to the fact that the intrinsic parameters and initial states of the system are independently set by voltage inputs. Chaotic and periodic motions are characterized employing time series, phase planes, and the largest Lyapunov exponents as a function of the energy and system parameters. The results show an excellent qualitative as well as quantitative agreement between theory and experiment.
RESUMO
Introducción. Los virus respiratorios son la principal causa de infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) en la población pediátrica. En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el estado de pandemia de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con un impacto global elevado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las internaciones por IRAB en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) y la circulación viral. Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes internados por IRAB, comparando los años 2019 y 2020. Resultados. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo un 73 % en el HNRG (575,1/10 000 en 2019 y 155,3/10 000 en 2020). En 2019 se internaron 517 pacientes con IRAB; en 174 se identificaron los virus: sincicial respiratorio (71,2 %), adenovirus (AV) (10,3%), parainfluenza (PIF) (9,7 %) e influenza (FLU) (8,6 %). En 2020, se hospitalizaron 94 pacientes con IRAB. Hasta la semana epidemiológica (SE) 13 se registraron casos de IRAB por PIF y AV; en la SE 29 un caso de bronquiolitis por AV y rinovirus (RV), seguido de casos aislados de RV; no hubo IRAB por VSR ni por FLU. Se registraron 9 casos de IRAB por COVID-19: 2 bronquiolitis moderadas y 7 neumonías focales; con un adolescente fallecido por neumonía por COVID-19 con comorbilidades. En 2020, los casos presentaron mayor edad, más comorbilidades e internaciones previas en comparación con el 2019. La neumonía focal fue la presentación clínica predominante. Conclusión. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo significativamente en comparación con el año anterior, con ausencia de circulación de virus respiratorios estacionales en la población asistida en nuestro centro.
Introduction. Respiratory viruses are the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in the pediatric population. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had reached the pandemic status. Our objective was to describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations due to ALRTI at Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) and virus circulation. Methods. Observational, retrospective, and descriptive study of patients hospitalized due to ALRTI comparing 2019 and 2020. Results. In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased by 73%. In 2019, 517 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized; the following viruses were identified in 174: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (71.2%), adenovirus (AV) (10.3%), parainfluenza virus (PIV) (9.7%), and influenza virus (FLU) (8.6%). In 2020, 94 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized. Until epidemiological week (EW) 13, cases of ALRTI due to PIV and AV were recorded; in EW 29, there was 1 case of bronchiolitis due to AV and rhinovirus (RV), followed by isolated cases of RV; no ALRTI due to RSV or FLU was recorded. In total, 9 cases of ALRTI due to COVID-19 were recorded: 2 moderate bronchiolitis and 7 focal pneumonia; 1 adolescent with comorbidities died due to COVID-19 pneumonia. In 2020, patients were older and had more comorbidities and prior hospitalizations compared to 2019. Focal pneumonia prevailed. Conclusion. In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased significantly compared to 2019,with the absence of seasonal respiratory virus circulation in the pediatric population.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Vírus , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pandemias , Hospitais PediátricosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory viruses are the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in the pediatric population. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had reached the pandemic status. Our objective was to describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations due to ALRTI at Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) and virus circulation. METHODS: Observational, retrospective, and descriptive study of patients hospitalized due to ALRTI comparing 2019 and 2020. RESULTS: In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased by 73%. In 2019, 517 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized; the following viruses were identified in 174: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (71.2%), adenovirus (AV) (10.3%), parainfluenza virus (PIV) (9.7%), and influenza virus (FLU) (8.6%). In 2020, 94 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized. Until epidemiological week (EW) 13, cases of ALRTI due to PIV and AV were recorded; in EW 29, there was 1 case of bronchiolitis due to AV and rhinovirus (RV), followed by isolated cases of RV; no ALRTI due to RSV or FLU was recorded. In total, 9 cases of ALRTI due to COVID-19 were recorded: 2 moderate bronchiolitis and 7 focal pneumonia; 1 adolescent with comorbidities died due to COVID-19 pneumonia. In 2020, patients were older and had more comorbidities and prior hospitalizations compared to 2019. Focal pneumonia prevailed. CONCLUSIONS: In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased significantly compared to 2019, with the absence of seasonal respiratory virus circulation in the pediatric population.
Introducción. Los virus respiratorios son la principal causa de infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) en la población pediátrica. En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el estado de pandemia de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con un impacto global elevado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las internaciones por IRAB en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) y la circulación viral. Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes internados por IRAB, comparando los años 2019 y 2020. Resultados. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo un 73 % en el HNRG (575,1/10 000 en 2019 y 155,3/10 000 en 2020). En 2019 se internaron 517 pacientes con IRAB; en 174 se identificaron los virus: sincicial respiratorio (71,2%), adenovirus (AV) (10,3%), parainfluenza (PIF) (9,7 %) e influenza (FLU) (8,6 %). En 2020, se hospitalizaron 94 pacientes con IRAB. Hasta la semana epidemiológica (SE) 13 se registraron casos de IRAB por PIF y AV; en la SE 29 un caso de bronquiolitis por AV y rinovirus (RV), seguido de casos aislados de RV; no hubo IRAB por VSR ni por FLU. Se registraron 9 casos de IRAB por COVID-19: 2 bronquiolitis moderadas y 7 neumonías focales; con un adolescente fallecido por neumonía por COVID-19 con comorbilidades. En 2020, los casos presentaron mayor edad, más comorbilidades e internaciones previas en comparación con el 2019. La neumonía focal fue la presentación clínica predominante. Conclusión. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo significativamente en comparación con el año anterior, con ausencia de circulación de virus respiratorios estacionales en la población asistida en nuestro centro.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vírus , Adolescente , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Criança , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The Triatoma sordida subcomplex traditionally included four triatomine species, T. sordida, Triatoma garciabesi, Triatoma guasayana, and Triatoma patagonica, distributed in the Southern Cone of South America. These species have a large intraspecific variability together with an overall similarity, making difficult to establish their taxonomic status. Many cytogenetic, morphometric, and molecular markers have been applied to address this. Recent studies have posed concerns on the inclusion of T. guasayana and T. patagonica within the subcomplex. Also, T. sordida from Argentina has been designed as a new species, Triatoma rosai. Using the cuticular hydrocarbon pattern as chemotaxonomic marker, the relationships among several populations of these species were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and linear discriminant analysis along 25 collection sites in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. T. sordida and T. rosai populations were differentially clustered in two CHC-based groups: "Group 1" included T. sordida from Eastern Brazil, Eastern Paraguay, and the Bolivian populations from La Paz and Izozog G1; "Group 2" included T. rosai, and T. sordida from Izozog G2 (Bolivia), and Western Paraguay. Whereas T. garciabesi remained closely related to T. sordida and T. rosai, T. guasayana, and T. patagonica were clearly separated from the species of the T. sordida subcomplex. Our results agree with those from other several techniques suggesting that the taxonomy of the T. sordida subcomplex should be revised.
Assuntos
Doença de Chagas , Triatoma , Triatominae , Animais , Bolívia , Brasil , HidrocarbonetosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vertical transmission has been investigated extensively. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) published strict criteria to classify the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 into different categories. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of vertical transmission in asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-positive women. METHODS: Pregnant women attending for delivery at a perinatology center in Mexico City, Mexico, who had a SARS-CoV-2-positive nasopharyngeal swab 24-48 h before delivery, were asymptomatic at the time of the test and had an obstetric indication for Cesarean section were eligible for inclusion in this study. Amniotic fluid was collected during Cesarean delivery, and neonatal oral and rectal swabs were collected at birth and at 24 h after birth. SARS-CoV-2 detection was carried out using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in all samples. Relevant medical information was retrieved from clinical records. The WHO criteria for classifying the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were applied to the study population. RESULTS: Forty-two SARS-CoV-2-positive asymptomatic pregnant women fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five (59%) women developed mild disease after discharge. Neonatal death occurred in three (7%) cases, of which one had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test at birth and none had coronavirus disease 2019-related symptoms. There were five (12%) cases with strong evidence of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2, according to the WHO criteria, as amniotic fluid samples and neonatal samples at birth and at 24 h after birth were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Our results also showed that 40-60% of infected neonates would have been undetected if only one swab (oral or rectal) was tested. CONCLUSION: This study contributes evidence to reinforce the potential for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 even in asymptomatic women and highlights the importance of testing more than one neonatal sample in order to increase the detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in affected cases. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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COVID-19/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Adulto , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Cesárea , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triagem Neonatal , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Soil-transmitted-helminth (STH) infections are a persistent global public health problem. Control strategies for STH have been based on the use of mass drug administration (MDA) mainly targeting preschool- and school-aged-children, although there is increasing interest in expanding treatment to include adults and others through community-wide MDA. Coverage assessment is critical to understanding the real effectiveness of albendazole (ALB) treatment in those MDA programs. The work described here aims to (i) evaluate the effect of type of diet (a heavy or light meal) and fasting before ALB treatment on the systemic disposition of ALB and its metabolites in treated human volunteers and (ii) evaluate the potential feasibility of detecting albendazole metabolites in urine. The data reported here demonstrate that the systemic availability of the active ALB-sulfoxide (ALBSO) metabolite was enhanced more than 2-fold after food ingestion (a heavy or light meal). ALB dissolution improvement related to the ingestion of food may modify the amount of drug/metabolites reaching the parasite, affecting drug efficacy and the overall success of MDA strategies. The measurement in urine samples of the amino-ALB-sulfone (NHALBSO2) derivative and ALBSO for up to 96 h suggests that it may be feasible to develop a noninvasive tool to evaluate compliance/adherence to ALB treatment.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos , Helmintíase , Absorção Fisiológica , Adulto , Albendazol/uso terapêutico , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Voluntários Saudáveis , Helmintíase/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Administração Massiva de Medicamentos , SoloRESUMO
A new coronavirus outbreak emerged on the 31st of December 2019 in Wuhan, China, causing commotion among the medical community and the rest of the world. This new species of coronavirus has been termed 2019-nCoV and has caused a considerable number of cases of infection and deaths in China and, to a growing degree, beyond China, becoming a worldwide public health emergency. 2019-nCoV has high homology to other pathogenic coronaviruses, such as those originating from bat-related zoonosis (SARS-CoV), which caused approximately 646 deaths in China at the start of the decade. The mortality rate for 2019-nCoV is not as high (approximately 2-3%), but its rapid propagation has resulted in the activation of protocols to stop its spread. This pathogen has the potential to become a pandemic. It is therefore vital to follow the personal care recommendations issued by the World Health Organization.
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COVID-19 , Saúde Pública , Zoonoses , Animais , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , COVID-19/transmissão , Emergências , Saúde Global , Humanos , Zoonoses/diagnóstico , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/terapia , Zoonoses/transmissãoRESUMO
Insect cuticle hydrocarbons are involved primarily in waterproofing the cuticle, but also participate in chemical communication and regulate the penetration of insecticides and microorganisms. The last step in insect hydrocarbon biosynthesis is carried out by an insect-specific cytochrome P450 of the 4G subfamily (CYP4G). Two genes (CYP4G106 and CYP4G107) have been reported in the triatomines Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. In this work, their molecular and functional characterization is carried out in R. prolixus, and their relevance to insect survival is assessed. Both genes are expressed almost exclusively in the integument and have an expression pattern dependent on the developmental stage and feeding status. CYP4G106 silencing diminished significantly the straight-chain hydrocarbon production while a significant reduction - mostly of methyl-branched chain hydrocarbons - was observed after CYP4G107 silencing. Molecular docking analyses using different aldehydes as hydrocarbon precursors predicted a better fit of straight-chain aldehydes with CYP4G106 and methyl-branched aldehydes with CYP4G107. Survival bioassays exposing the silenced insects to desiccation stress showed that CYP4G107 is determinant for the waterproofing properties of the R. prolixus cuticle. This is the first report on the in vivo specificity of two CYP4Gs to make mostly straight or methyl-branched hydrocarbons, and also on their differential contribution to insect desiccation.
Assuntos
Família 4 do Citocromo P450/genética , Dessecação , Hidrocarbonetos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Rhodnius/fisiologia , Animais , Família 4 do Citocromo P450/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Ninfa/genética , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ninfa/fisiologia , Rhodnius/genética , Rhodnius/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Cellular and humoral responses were evaluated in Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles when exposed to malathion, endosulfan, and their mixture. Each experiment was performed in the hemolymph collected at each exposure time (5 and 96â¯h) in duplicate; total hemocyte count, coagulation time, hemocyanin concentration, phenoloxidase (PO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were quantified. Survival was not affected by pesticides applied individually and mixed. Clotting time did not show significant differences concerning increase of concentration percentage of the pesticides tested. In organisms exposed to the pesticide mixture, hemocyanin decreased at 5â¯h of exposure as the concentration increased. Only in the malathion experiment did exposed shrimp to 10 and 50% of the LC50-96â¯h show significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.05) higher hemocyte contents. For malathion, significantly (pâ¯<â¯0.05) lower PO values in shrimp exposed to higher concentrations (10 and 50% of the LC50-96â¯h) were determined. While for the mixture treatment, high SOD value was determined at high exposure time and concentration. Malathion was the pesticide that showed an effect on some variables even at sublethal concentrations. The Continuous Concentration Criteria of the United States Environmental Protection Agency did not represent effects on the variables when they were compared with the averages of the control group.
Assuntos
Endossulfano/toxicidade , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Humoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Malation/toxicidade , Penaeidae/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Hemocianinas/sangue , Hemócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemócitos/imunologia , Hemolinfa/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemolinfa/imunologia , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Penaeidae/imunologiaRESUMO
The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystemic disorder. It is considered a neuromuscular disease but also involves cognitive (executive functions, social cognition, attention, memory and language), emotional or behavior changes in over 50% of the reported cases and to of frontotemporal diagnosis lobar degeneration of behavioral variant in up to 15% of the cases. For this reason, the presence of cognitive and motivational problems was analysed in a Spanish sample of ALS patients through the prefrontal symptoms inventory (PSI) to determine applicability in this disease STI. A sample of 31 patients with a potential ALS or definitive diagnostic criteria according to El Escorial was used. Obtained results ISP were compared with a sample of 31 healthy people in the same proportions of gender, age and education level. Obtained results showed a not significant difference between the two populations in the motivational factor problems, related to the depression symptomatology frequently associated with ALS. A significant positive correlation between age at diagnosis and the scale of the motivational problems was observed, with a not significant trend related to problems in the executive control and in social the behavior control and with the age at diagnosis, in the same sense with age at diagnosis. Therefore, it can be concluded that, despite the results obtained, emotional and behavioral deficits in ALS patients and symptoms related to frontotemporal dementia (among others, anosognosia or lack of consciousness symptoms) could have interfered in patient perception about their symptomatology
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Transtornos Cognitivos , Sintomas Afetivos/diagnóstico , Demência Frontotemporal/diagnóstico , Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Resultados Negativos , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica , Transtornos Mentais/diagnósticoRESUMO
JUSTIFICATION: Primary hyperhidrosis is a benign disease that consists in the excessive production of sweat, mainly in the hands, axillas and feet. It may to interfere with the social and work life of the sufferer. It affects up to 3% of the population. In Cuba there are no epidemiological studies on its prevalence. One of the treatment modalities is videothoracoscopic sympathicotomy. OBJECTIVES: To describe the results of the videothoracoscopic sympathicotomy technique for two ports using apneic oxygenation to achieve lung collapse. METHOD: Descriptive, retrospective study of 27 cases operated by primary hyperhidrosis in the period from May 2015 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical characteristics of operated patients, results of the endoscopic surgical technique, postoperative complications and satisfaction were described. RESULTS: The 27 patients were adolescents with ages ranging from 11 to 19 years old, it was more frequent in the female sex. All patients had total solution of the symptoms in the intraoperative period, demonstrated by the cessation of sweat in the palms or axillas and by the verification of the increase of the palmar temperature in the monitor. No patient had intraoperative complications. Compensatory sweating occurred in four patients and one had intercostal neuritis. 100% of the patients were satisfied with the result at 30 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: It is a safe technique, with few complications, high satisfaction with the results and feasible to perform in pediatric hospitals with basic resources of minimal access surgery.
FUNDAMENTACION: La hiperhidrosis primaria es una enfermedad benigna que consiste en la excesiva producción de sudor, principalmente en manos, axilas y pies, y por ello puede llegar a condicionar la vida social y laboral de quien la padece. Afecta hasta el 3% de la población. En Cuba no hay estudios epidemiológicos sobre su prevalencia. Una de las modalidades de tratamiento es la simpaticotomía videotoracoscópica. OBJETIVOS: Describir los resultados de la técnica de simpaticotomía videotoracoscópica por dos puertos usando oxigenación apneica para lograr el colapso pulmonar. METODO: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de una serie de 27 casos operados por hiperhidrosis primaria en el periodo de mayo de 2015 a junio de 2018. Se describen características demográficas y clínicas de pacientes operados, resultados de la técnica quirúrgica endoscópica, complicaciones postoperatorias y satisfacción. RESULTADOS: Los 27 pacientes eran adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 19 años, siendo más frecuente en el sexo femenino. Todos los pacientes tuvieron solución total de los síntomas en el periodo intraoperatorio, demostrados por el cese del sudor en palmas o axilas y por la comprobación del aumento de la temperatura palmar en el monitor. Ningún paciente tuvo complicaciones intraoperatorias. El sudor compensatorio se presentó en cuatro pacientes y un paciente tuvo neuritis intercostal. El 100% de los pacientes estuvieron satisfechos con el resultado a los 30 días del tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Es una técnica segura, con pocas complicaciones, elevada satisfacción con los resultados y factible de realizar en hospitales pediátricos con recursos básicos de cirugía de mínimo acceso.
Assuntos
Hiperidrose/cirurgia , Simpatectomia/métodos , Cirurgia Torácica Vídeoassistida/métodos , Adolescente , Axila , Criança , Cuba , Feminino , Mãos , Humanos , Masculino , Satisfação do Paciente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Fatty acid synthase is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the formation of fatty acids. Despite the role of fatty acids in cell signalling and energy metabolism, and as precursors to pheromones and hydrocarbons that waterproof the cuticle, the insect fatty acid synthases have been scarcely studied. Here we perform the molecular characterization of three fatty acid synthase genes (fatty acid synthase RPRC000123, RPRC000269 and RPRC002909) in the Chagas disease vector, Rhodnius prolixus. Gene expression screening by reverse transcription quantitative PCR showed that RPRC000123 and RPRC002909 are expressed almost exclusively in the integument tissue whilst RPRC000269 is mostly expressed in the fat body and also in several body organs. Phylogenetic analysis, together with gene expression results, showed that RPRC000269, RPRC002909 and RPRC000123 are orthologues of Drosophila melanogaster fatty acid synthase 1 (FASN1), FASN2 and FASN3 genes, respectively. After RNA interference-mediated knockdown of RPRC000123, insects died immediately after moulting to the next developmental stage. However, mortality was prevented by placing the insects under saturated humidity conditions, suggesting that dehydration might play a role in the insects' death. Lipid analyses in RPRC000123-silenced insects showed reduced amounts of integument fatty acids and methyl-branched hydrocarbons, compared to controls. These data support an important role for FASN3 in the biosynthesis of the precursors to hydrocarbons that waterproof the insect cuticle.
Assuntos
Ácido Graxo Sintases/genética , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Água/metabolismo , Animais , Ácido Graxo Sintases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insetos/metabolismo , Tegumento Comum/fisiologia , Ninfa/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ninfa/fisiologia , Filogenia , Rhodnius , Perda Insensível de ÁguaRESUMO
Shrimp of Farfantepenaeus californiensis (78 groups) and Litopenaeus stylirostris (14 groups) were caught in the northwestern fishing zones in Mexico during the 2014-2015 fishing season (September-February); both shrimp species have high commercial value. Muscle, hepatopancreas and exoskeleton were analyzed to determine their metal contents. For F. californiensis, the highest Cd, Pb and Zn contents were determined in specimens caught off the State of Baja California Sur (BCS) with 22.4 ± 8.9 (hepatopancreas), 2.83 ± 4.63 (muscle), and 748.5 ± 1567 (muscle) µg/g, in the regions off Mulegé, Los Cabos and Los Cabos, respectively. For L. stylirostris, the fishing zone of Comundú (BCS) showed higher Cd (12.3 ± 11.5 µg/g), Cu (569.1 ± 646.5 µg/g) and Zn (549.7 ± 400.7 µg/g) contents; all values were determined in the hepatopancreas. Regarding the hazard quotient and total hazard quotient calculated in this study, the consumption of marine shrimp caught off NW Mexico does not represent a risk to human health (both < 1).
Assuntos
Contaminação de Alimentos , Metais/análise , Penaeidae/química , Alimentos Marinhos , Animais , Monitoramento Ambiental , Hepatopâncreas/química , Humanos , México , Músculos/química , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main pathogen associated with upper respiratory tract infections during early childhood. Vertical transmission of this virus has been suggested in humans, based on observations recorded during animal studies that revealed an association of RSV with persistent structural and functional changes in the developing lungs of the offspring. However, human placentas have not yet been evaluated for susceptibility to RSV infection. In this study, we examined the capacity of RSV to infect a human trophoblast model, the BeWo cell line. Our results suggest that BeWo cells are susceptible to RSV infection since they allow RNA viral replication, viral protein translation, leading to the production of infectious RSV particles. In this report, we demonstrate that a human placenta model system, consisting of BeWo cells, is permissive to RSV infection. Thus, the BeWo cell line may represent a useful model for studies that aim to characterize the events of a possible RSV infection at the human maternal-fetal interface.
Assuntos
Linhagem Celular Tumoral/virologia , Coriocarcinoma/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/genética , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/genética , Coriocarcinoma/complicações , Coriocarcinoma/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Placenta/patologia , Placenta/virologia , Gravidez , RNA Viral/genética , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/complicações , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/virologia , Vírus Sinciciais Respiratórios/patogenicidadeRESUMO
We propose a simple model of the electrical activity of the heart that reproduces realistic healthy electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The model consists of two RLC linear oscillators periodically kicked by impulses of the main pacemaker with the frequency rate of a real heart. In the proposed model, one oscillator represents the atria, another represents the ventricles, and an electrical cardiac conduction system is included using a coupling capacitor, which can be either unidirectional or bidirectional. The network of the two capacitively coupled oscillators is periodically kicked by the main pacemaker to introduce the periodic forcing of limit cycles into the system; a time delay is introduced to represent the electrical transport delay from atria to ventricles. In this manner, healthy synthetic ECG signals are obtained by combining the signals of the currents of the oscillators. We show that an analytical solution of the model can be obtained when a single impulse is applied. From this, by the superposition principle, a solution with an impulse train is obtained. Note that analytical treatment is a feature not available in current cardiac oscillator models.
Assuntos
Potenciais de Ação , Relógios Biológicos , Eletrocardiografia , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Modelos Cardiovasculares , HumanosRESUMO
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), a pest of great economic importance in South America, needs urgently to be controlled by environmentally friendly methods such as the sterile insect technique for which mass rearing of insects is required. Because oogenesis takes place during the adult stage, mass-rearing facilities should provide the females a diet that maximizes egg production at the lowest cost. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of artificial protein sources in the adult diet (yeast derivatives of different cost but with similar amino acids profiles, and the addition of wheat germ) on fecundity. Additionally, we evaluated different ratios of yeast derivatives or wheat germ on ovary maturation, fecundity, and fertility as well as their association with the nutrient content of females. Females fed hydrolyzed yeast and yeast extract attained the highest fecundity level, and those fed brewer's yeast the lowest. Reducing the amount of hydrolyzed yeast, an expensive protein source, in the diet negatively affected fecundity and ovary maturation. Increasing the amount of brewer's yeast, a low-cost protein source, did not favor fecundity. The addition of wheat germ in the adult diet improved fecundity regardless of the yeast derivate considered. Percentage of egg hatch was not affected by the diet. Nutrient content of A. fraterculus females varied according to the adult diet provided and mating status. Our findings provide novel baseline information to understand the role of nutrition on reproductive performance of A. fraterculus females and are discussed in the context of resource allocation. They also provide valuable advances in the search for cost-effective adult diets at fruit fly mass rearing facilities.
Assuntos
Dieta , Oviparidade , Tephritidae/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Fertilidade , Ovário/fisiologia , Triticum , LevedurasRESUMO
We determined the molecular epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis isolates to evaluate its potential impact on pertussis reemergence in a population of Mexico. Symptomatic and asymptomatic cases were included. Pertussis infection was confirmed by culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Selected B. pertussis isolates were further analysed; i.e. clonality was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ptxP-ptxA, prn, fim2 and fim3 typing was performed by PCR and sequencing. Out of 11 864 analysed samples, 687 (5.8%) were positive for pertussis, with 244 (36%) confirmed by both culture and PCR whereas 115 (17%) were positive only by culture and 328 (48%) were positive only by PCR. One predominant clone (clone A, n = 62/113; 55%) and three major subtypes (A1, A2 and A3) were identified by PFGE. All 113 selected isolates had the allelic combination ptxP3-ptxA1. The predominant clone A and the three major subtypes (A1, A2 and A3) corresponded to the emerging genotypes ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-2 and ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-1. In conclusion, the presence of an endemic clone and three predominant subtypes belonging to the genotypes ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-2 and ptxP3-ptxA1-prn2-fim2-1-fim3-1 were detected. This finding supports the global spread/expansion reported for these outbreaks associated genotypes.
Assuntos
Bordetella pertussis/classificação , Bordetella pertussis/isolamento & purificação , Genótipo , Toxina Pertussis/genética , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Coqueluche/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Insect resistance to chemical insecticides is attributed to a combination of different mechanisms, such as metabolic resistance, knockdown resistance, and the cuticular resistance or penetration factor. The insect integument offers an efficient barrier against contact insecticides and its role as penetration factor has been previously reported; however, there is no information about its potential function in the metabolic resistance. Cytochrome P450 genes (CYP) are highly expressed in the fat body of several insects and thus play a key role in their metabolic resistance. Here, we describe new members that belong to the highly genome-wide expanded CYP3093A and CYP4EM subfamilies in the Chagas disease vectors Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans. We modeled the docking of deltamethrin in their active site and detected differences in some amino acids between both species that are critical for a correct interaction with the substrate. We also knocked down the two constitutively most expressed genes in the integument of resistant T. infestans nymphs (CYP3093A11 and CYP4EM10) in order to find clues on their participation in deltamethrin resistance. This is the first report on the role of the insect integument in detoxification events; although these two CYP genes do not fully explain the resistance observed in T. infestans.