RESUMO
An abnormal mammography finding constitutes a stressful event that may increase vulnerability by developing or intensifying pre-existing psychological morbidity. We evaluated depressive symptoms using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview among women of four ethnic groups who had an abnormal mammography result controlling for the effect of demographic, psychosocial and medical factors on recent onset of depressive symptoms. Telephone surveys were conducted among women aged 40-80 years recruited from four clinical sites in the San Francisco Bay Area after receiving a screening mammography result that was classified as abnormal but probably benign, suspicious or highly suspicious, or indeterminate using standard criteria. Among the 910 women who completed the interview, mean age was 56 (S.D.=10), 42% were White, 19% Latina, 25% African American, and 14% Asian. Prevalence of lifetime depressive symptoms was 44%, and 11% of women had symptoms in the previous month. Multivariate logistic regression models showed that Asian ethnicity, annual income >$10 000 and weekly attendance at religious services were significantly associated with decreased depressive symptoms. Having an indeterminate result on mammography and being on disability were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms. Reporting a first episode of depression more than a year before the interview was associated with significant increase in depressive symptoms in the month prior to the interview regardless of mammography result. Women with an indeterminate interpretation on mammography were at greater risk of depressive episode in the month prior to the interview compared to women with probably benign results (odds ratio=2.41; 95% CI=1.09-5.31) or with a suspicious finding. Clinicians need to consider depression as a possible consequence after an abnormal mammography result.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Mamografia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/etnologia , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologia , Cognição , Etnicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
In this ethnographic study, we describe the perceived health needs and resources of women in two rural Ecuadorian communities. Nineteen women participated in semistructured interviews. Women worked 3 to 30 hours outside the home each week but described their financial resources as insufficient. Most participants perceived their health as fair to poor. Four themes emerged related to the participants' health needs: (1) lack of money, (2) "it's better to be alone," (3) the physical burden of women's roles, and (4) suffering/self-sacrifice. Traditional medicine, local experts in traditional remedies, and nutrition emerged as resources to prevent illness. We believe our results offer valuable information in facilitating participatory health projects for social change.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Características Culturais , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Nível de Saúde , Saúde da População Rural , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Equador , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Educação em Saúde/normas , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Pobreza , Gravidez , População Rural , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Cônjuges/etnologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Direitos da MulherRESUMO
This descriptive study examined physical activity beliefs, behaviors, and cardiovascular fitness of a convenience sample of 51 married Mexican immigrant women (MIW) with children in Northern California. Standardized tools/procedures were used to measure the variables of interest and to determine cardiovascular fitness levels. The majority (78%) was not involved in regular physical activity and had below average or poor cardiovascular fitness (76%). However, 93% had a positive attitude, were well-informed of the benefits, and perceived physical activity to be a health-promoting behavior. Cultural values and beliefs about physical activity, gender roles, and social and physiological factors were described as barriers to women's intention to engage in physical activity.