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Nutcracker syndrome is a vascular anomaly consisting of external compression of the left renal vein by the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta artery. It may manifest with recurrent abdominal or pelvic pain, flank pain, macro- or microscopic hematuria, gonadal varices, or asymptomatic. We present a 10-year-old female patient with chronic progressive pain of more than two years of evolution in the left flank and radiating to the pelvic area. A diagnosis of nutcracker syndrome was made. The surgical resolutuion consisted in the transposition of the left ovarian vein to the left iliac vein. The patient remains asymptomatic at one year of follow-up. In selected patients, venous decongestion of the left renal vein to the inferior vena cava using the ovarian vein is a low-complexity therapeutic possibility with a low incidence of complications.

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El síndrome de cascanueces es una anomalía vascular que consiste en la compresión externa de la vena renal izquierda por la arteria mesentérica superior y la arteria aorta. Se puede manifestar como dolor abdominal o pélvico recurrente, dolor en flancos, hematuria macro o microscópica, várices gonadales, o asintomático. Presentamos una paciente de sexo femenino de 10 años de edad, con dolor crónico progresivo de más de dos años de evolución en flanco izquierdo e irradiado a la zona pélvica. Se realizó diagnóstico de síndrome de cascanueces y se decidió la resolución quirúrgica realizando transposición de la vena ovárica izquierda a la vena ilíaca izquierda. La paciente persiste asintomática al año de seguimiento. En pacientes seleccionados, la descongestión venosa de la vena renal izquierda hacia la vena cava inferior, utilizando la vena ovárica, es una posibilidad terapéutica de baja complejidad y con baja incidencia de complicaciones.

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Introducción. El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades de comunicación social y comportamientos repetitivos y estereotipados. Además de la categoría diagnóstica, las actividades que los niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNyA) pueden realizar y la participación social son los aspectos principales por considerar desde el marco de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, la Discapacidad y la Salud (CIF), propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para describir los estados de salud. En una investigación previa, elaboramos la primera versión de una herramienta pediátrica basada en la CIF llamada TEA-CIFunciona para evaluación funcional de NNyA con diagnóstico de TEA, que permitió captar características funcionales adaptadas a nuestro contexto cultural. Se propuso como objetivo posterior aplicar TEA-CIFunciona en formato multicéntrico para evaluar NNyA de diferentes regiones, revisar y actualizar la herramienta, e identificar barreras y facilitadores. Población y métodos. Se administró TEA-CIFunciona versión 1.0 a NNyA con diagnóstico confirmado de TEA (según criterios del DSM-5), menores de 16 años, en seguimiento en cinco centros de atención pediátrica del país. Resultados. Se obtuvo la versión 2.0 de TEA-CIFunciona con 34 categorías (10 funciones corporales, 15 actividades y participación, y 9 factores ambientales). Se elaboró el perfil funcional de la muestra completa (n = 308). Conclusiones. La versión actualizada de TEA-CIFunciona contribuye a estandarizar y a sistematizar la obtención de información necesaria para adecuar el seguimiento de los NNyA con TEA a nivel nacional. Además, permite identificar barreras por superar y facilitadores para generalizar

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Introduction. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. In addition to the diagnostic category, the activities performed by children and adolescents and their social involvement are the main aspects to be considered according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) proposed by the World Health Organization to describe health status. In a previous study, we developed the first version of a pediatric tool based on the ICF called ICF-ASD for the functional assessment of children and adolescents with ASD to capture functional characteristics adapted to our cultural setting. Our subsequent objective was to apply the ICF-ASD in a multicenter format to assess children and adolescents from different regions, review, and update it, and identify barriers and facilitators. Population and methods. The ICF-ASD version 1.0 was administered to children and adolescents younger than 16 years with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD (as per DSM-5 criteria), who were receiving follow-up at 5 children's health centers across Argentina. Results. Version 2.0 of the ICF-ASD was obtained, which included 34 categories (10 under body function, 15 under activities and participation, and 9 under environmental factors). A functional profile was developed for the whole sample (n = 308). Conclusions. The updated version of the ICF-ASD helps to standardize and systematize the collection of necessary data for an adequate follow-up of children and adolescents with ASD at a national level. It also allows to identify barriers to overcome and facilitators to be generalized

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/classificação , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Argentina , Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Avaliação da Deficiência

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In early 2024, explosive outbreaks of Oropouche virus (OROV) linked to a novel lineage were documented in the Amazon Region of Brazil. We report the introduction of this lineage into Colombia and its co-circulation with another OROV lineage. Continued surveillance is needed to prevent further spread of OROV in the Americas.

Assuntos

Infecções por Bunyaviridae , Orthobunyavirus , Filogenia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Orthobunyavirus/classificação , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bunyaviridae/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Brasil/epidemiologia

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Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a clinically aggressive form of undifferentiated thyroid cancer with limited treatment options. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute over 50% of ATC-infiltrating cells, and their presence is associated with a poor prognosis. We have previously shown that paracrine signals released by ATC cells induced pro-tumor M2-like polarization of human monocytes. However, which soluble factors derived from ATC cells drive monocyte activation, are largely unknown. In this study we investigated the participation of transforming growth factor ß1 (TGFß1) on the phenotype of macrophage activation induced by ATC cell-derived conditioned media (CM). THP-1 cells exposed to CM derived from ATC cells and recombinant human TGFß1 induced M2-like macrophage polarization, showing high CD163 and Dectin1 expression. Moreover, we showed that TGFß1 induced the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the transcription factors SNAIL and SLUG. Accordingly, increased TGFß1 secretion from ATC cells was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Addition of SB431542, a TGFß receptor inhibitor, significantly decreased the Dectin1, CD163, SNAIL and SLUG expression stimulated by ATC cell-derived CM. We validated the clinical significance of the expression of TGFß ligands, their receptors, as well as SNAIL and SLUG in human ATC by analyzing public microarray datasets. We found that the expression of the main TGFß ligands, TGFß1 and TGFß3, along with their receptors, TGFR1 and TGFR2, as well as SLUG, was significantly higher in human ATC tissue samples than in normal thyroid tissues. Our findings indicate that ATC cell-secreted TGFß1 may play a key role in M2-like macrophage polarization of human monocytes and in the up-regulation of SNAIL and SLUG transcription factors. Thus, ours results uncovered a novel mechanism involved in the activation of TAMs by soluble factors released by ATC cells, which suggest potential therapeutic targets for ATC.

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Background: Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder marked by pathogenic variants in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, leading to tumors in the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and pituitary. The occurrence of ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma is exceedingly rare in MEN1. Case presentation: This report details a Colombian family harboring a novel MEN1 variant identified through genetic screening initiated by the index case. Affected family members exhibited primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) symptoms from their 20s to 50s. Uniquely, the index case developed an ACTH-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, a rarity in MEN1 syndromes. Proactive screening enabled the early detection of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) as microadenomas in two carriers, with subsequent surgical or pharmacological intervention based on the clinical presentation. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the significance of cascade screening in facilitating the early diagnosis and individualized treatment of MEN1, contributing to better patient outcomes. Additionally, this study brings to light a novel presentation of ACTH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma within the MEN1 spectrum, expanding our understanding of the disease's manifestations.

Assuntos

Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1 , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Linhagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Masculino , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/genética , Carcinoma Neuroendócrino/patologia , Colômbia , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1/genética , Neoplasia Endócrina Múltipla Tipo 1/complicações , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seguimentos , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/sangue , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Adulto , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The scope of this review is to understand the epidemiology and potential role of respiratory viral infections in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia, as well as in children, undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Early detection of respiratory viral infections through molecular diagnostic techniques has allowed recent randomized clinical studies to advance the possibility of more rational use of antimicrobials in this susceptible population. RECENT FINDINGS: Progress has been made in the early detection of respiratory viruses in episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer. In selected patients who meet specific clinical safety criteria and have negative bacterial cultures, it has been possible to safely and effectively discontinue antimicrobials. This has been validated in recent randomized clinical studies. However, more evidence is still needed for a similar indication in children, undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with viral respiratory infection episodes. SUMMARY: Understanding the role of respiratory viral infections in populations of immunocompromised children may contribute to a more rational use of antimicrobials and, in the near future, may help to decrease antimicrobial resistance in this susceptible population.

Assuntos

Neutropenia Febril , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Neoplasias , Infecções Respiratórias , Viroses , Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Infecções Respiratórias/virologia , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Neoplasias/complicações

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción : El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos adversos y la respuesta inmune de anticuer pos IgG anti S1 SAEA-CoV-2 en el personal de Salud del Hospital del Milagro de la ciudad de Salta, posterior a recibir dos dosis de vacuna COVID-19. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de co horte desde marzo de 2021 hasta abril 2022. Se reco pilaron datos demográficos, clínicos, eventos adversos supuestamente atribuidos a la vacunación (ESAVI) y se tomaron dos muestras de sangre para medir los niveles de anticuerpos. Resultados : Participaron 408 voluntarios, 401 (98%) fueron vacunados con Sputnik- V. La edad promedio fue de 45.5 años con predominio del sexo femenino (71%). Los ESAVI fueron reportados en 188 (46.1%) y 121 (29.7%) luego de la primera y segunda dosis respectivamente (p<0.001). Estos eventos fueron mayormente de carácter leve y transitorios, más frecuentes luego de la primera dosis. El primer dosaje de anticuerpos fue positivo en 99% con una media de títulos de 9.7 (SD 3.7). El segundo dosaje fue positivo en 88% con una media de títulos de 6.4 (SD 4.4). Los participantes con antecedentes de infección y dosajes previos positivos mostraron títulos significativamente más altos de anticuerpos (p<0.001). Conclusión : Los ESAVI reportados fueron mayorita riamente leves y transitorios. La vacunación masiva y la administración de la dosis recomendada son esenciales para lograr una inmunidad colectiva efectiva. La mayoría de los trabajadores de la salud vacunados desarrollaron anticuerpos y aquellos que cursaron la enfermedad previa a la vacunación presentaron títulos significativos más elevados de anticuerpos.

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Abstract Introduction : The aim of this study was to evaluate the adverse effects and immune response associated with IgG anti S1 SAEA-CoV-2 antibodies among health care workers at Señor del Milagro Hospital in Salta city, after receiving two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Methods : A prospective cohort study was carried out from March 2021 to April 2022. Demographic, clinical data, adverse events supposedly attributed to vaccina tion (AEFIs) were collected and two samples were taken to measure serum antibody levels. Results : 408 volunteers participated, 401 (98%) were vaccinated with Sputnik-V. The average age was 45.5 years with a predominance of the female sex (71%). AEFIs were reported in 188 (46.1%) and 121 (29.7%) after the first and second doses respectively (p<0.001). These events were mostly mild and transient, more frequent after the first dose. The first antibody test was positive in 99% with a mean titer of 9.7 (SD 3.7). The second dosage was positive in 88% with a mean titer of 6.4 (SD 4.4). Participants with a history of infection and previous positive testing showed significantly higher antibody titers (p<0.001). Conclusion : The AEFIs reported were mostly mild and transient. Mass vaccination and administration of the recommended dose are essential to achieve effective herd immunity. The majority of vaccinated healthcare workers developed antibodies and those who had the disease prior to vaccination had significant antibody titers.

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RESUMEN Introducción: El infarto de miocardio sin obstrucciones coronarias significativas (MINOCA) es una conocida entidad que se ha redefinido recientemente al excluir la injuria miocárdica no isquémica. ReSCAR fue un registro prospectivo, multicéntrico de pacientes hospitalizados por síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) desde enero hasta agosto de 2022. Objetivo: Un objetivo principal del registro fue definir la prevalencia de pacientes con MINOCA, sus características basales clínicas y paraclínicas y evolución intrahospitalaria. Los resultados del análisis respectivo son la base de esta publicación. Material y métodos: Registro nacional prospectivo y multicéntrico de SCA. Diagnóstico de MINOCA de acuerdo con la Cuarta Definición Universal de Infarto de Miocardio. Análisis de las características basales, evolución y diferencias significativas respecto de los pacientes con coronariopatía obstructiva. Los centros participantes debían contar con determinación de troponina de alta sensibilidad y la posibilidad de realizar cinecoronariografía. Resultados: Se incluyeron 984 pacientes de 15 centros. Ochenta y cinco pacientes (8,6 %) tuvieron diagnóstico final de MINOCA al alta. Cuarenta y cuatro pacientes (51,8 %) eran mujeres, la mediana de edad fue de 65 años (53-63), 55 (64,7 %) pacientes eran hipertensos, 44 (51,8 %) dislipidémicos, 9 (10,6 %) diabéticos y 23 (27,1 %) fumadores. La mediana de troponina al ingreso (expresada como múltiplo del percentilo 99) fue de 2,42 (0,85-10,21) y el 71,8 % se presentó con un ECG sin cambios isquémicos. La angiografía coronaria fue normal en el 72,9 % de los pacientes y con lesiones menores de 50 % en el resto. Se realizó resonancia cardíaca a 16 pacientes. La mediana del score GRACE fue de 115 puntos (98-139), lo cual perfila un riesgo intermedio; con una tasa de eventos combinados de accidente cerebrovascular/infarto o muerte de 1,2 %, sin haberse registrado sangrados BARC 2 o más. La prescripción al alta de aspirina fue del 72,9 %, clopidogrel 27,1 %, estatinas 88,2 %, beta bloqueantes 67,1 % y antagonistas cálcicos 22,4 %. Conclusión: En este registro, los pacientes con MINOCA representan una proporción significativa de aquellos con SCA. La tasa de complicaciones intrahospitalarias, incluida la mortalidad, fue baja. Impresiona existir una fuerte oportunidad para profundizar los estudios para confirmar este diagnóstico, sus mecanismos fisiopatológicos y su tratamiento.

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ABSTRACT Background: Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a well-known condition that has been recently redefined after excluding non-ischemic myocardial injury. ReSCAR was a prospective, multicenter registry of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from January to August 2022. Objective: One of the main objectives of the registry was to define the prevalence of patients with MINOCA, their baseline clinical and paraclinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcome. This publication focuses on the results of the respective analysis. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, multicenter, prospective study of patients with ACS. The diagnosis of MINOCA was made following the Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction. The baseline characteristics of the patients wereanalyzed, as well as their outcome and significant differences with patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. The participating centers should have the availability to measure high-sensitivity cardiac troponin and perform coronary angiography. Results: A total of 984 patients from 15 centers were included. Eighty-five patients (8.6%) had a final diagnosis of MINOCA at discharge. Median age was 65 years (53-63), 48 (51.8%) were women, 55 (64.7%) had hypertension, 44 (51.8%) had dyslipidemia, 9 (10.6%) were diabetics and 23 (27.1%) were smokers. Median high-sensitivity cardiac troponins on admission (expressed as multiples of the 99th percentile) were 2.42 times higher (0.85-10.21) and the ECG had no ischemic changes in 71.8% of the patients. Coronary angiography was normal in 72.9% of the patients and the rest of the cases had coronary artery stenoses < 50%. Sixteen patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The median GRACE score was 115 (98-139), which corresponds to intermediate risk. The event rate for the composite outcome of stroke/myocardial infarction or death was1.2%, and there were no bleeding events BARC ≥type 2. The discharge prescription rate was 72.9% for aspirin, 27.1% for clopidogrel, 88.2% for statins, 67.1% for beta-blockers, and 22.4% for calcium channel blockers. In this registry, patients with MINOCA represent a significant proportion of those with ACS. Conclusion: The rate of in-hospital complications, including mortality, was low. There seems to be a strong opportunity for further investigations to confirm the diagnosis, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment of MINOCA.

RESUMO

Background: Hypofractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer has been widely studied. However, in the postoperative setting it has been less explored. The objective of this prospective study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated radiotherapy in postoperative prostate cancer. Materials and methods: A prospective study was designed to include patients with prostate cancer with an indication of postoperative radiotherapy as adjuvant or salvage. A hypofractionated radiotherapy scheme of 51 Gy in 17 fractions was performed with the possibility of treating the pelvis at a dose of 36 Gy in 12 fractions sequentially. Safety was evaluated based on acute and late toxicity [according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale and Common Terminology Criteria Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.03], International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) over time, and quality of life. Results: From August 2020 to June 2022, 31 patients completed treatment and were included in this report. 35.5% of patients received elective treatment of the pelvic nodal areas. Most patients reported minimal or low acute toxicity, with an acute gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) grade 3 or greater toxicity of 3.2% and 0%, respectively. The evolution in time of the IPSS remained without significant differences (p = 0.42). With the exception of a significant improvement in the domains of hormonal and sexual symptoms of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire, the rest of the domains [EPIC, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Core quality of life questionnaire (C-30) and Prostate Cancer module (PR-25)] were maintained without significant differences over time. With a follow-up of 15.4 months, late GI and GU grade 2 toxicity was reported greater than 0% and 9.6%, respectively. Conclusions: Hypofractionated radiotherapy in postoperative prostate cancer appears to be safe with low reports of relevant acute or late toxicity. Further follow-up is required to confirm these results. Trial registration: The protocol was approved by the accredited Medical Ethical Committee of Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. All participants accepted and wrote informed consent.

RESUMO

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infections in children around the world. The post-pandemic era has resulted in a notable increase in reported cases of RSV infections, co-circulation of other respiratory viruses, shifts in epidemiology, altered respiratory season timing, and increased healthcare demand. Low- and middle-income countries are responsible for the highest burden of RSV disease, contributing significantly to health expenses during respiratory seasons and RSV-associated mortality in children. Until recently, supportive measures were the only intervention to treat or prevent RSV-infection, since preventive strategies like palivizumab are limited for high-risk populations. Advances in new available strategies, such as long-acting monoclonal antibodies during the neonatal period and vaccination of pregnant women, are now a reality. As the Regional Expert Group of the Latin American Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (SLIPE), we sought to evaluate the burden of RSV infection in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, analyze current strategies to prevent RSV infection in children, and provide recommendations for implementing new strategies for preventing RSV infection in children in LAC region.

RESUMO

The southwestern tropical Pacific is a key center for the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), which regulates global climate. This study introduces a groundbreaking 627-year coral Sr/Ca sea surface temperature reconstruction from Fiji, representing the IPO's southwestern pole. Merging this record with other Fiji and central tropical Pacific records, we reconstruct the SST gradient between the southwestern and central Pacific (SWCP), providing a reliable proxy for IPO variability from 1370 to 1997. This reconstruction reveals distinct centennial-scale temperature trends and insights into Pacific-wide climate impacts and teleconnections. Notably, the 20th century conditions, marked by simultaneous basin-scale warming and weak tropical Pacific zonal-meridional gradients, deviate from trends observed during the past six centuries. Combined with model simulations, our findings reveal that a weak SWCP gradient most markedly affects IPO-related rainfall patterns in the equatorial Pacific. Persistent synchronous western and central Pacific warming rates could lead to further drying climate across the Coral Sea region, adversely affecting Pacific Island nations.

Assuntos

Antozoários , Temperatura , Fiji , Antozoários/fisiologia , Oceano Pacífico , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Recifes de Corais , Mudança Climática

RESUMO

In disease treatment, maintaining therapeutic drug concentrations often requires multiple doses. Lipid/polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) offer a promising solution by facilitating sustained drug delivery within therapeutic ranges. Here, we synthesized poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coated with soy lecithin using nanoprecipitation and self-assembly techniques. These nanoparticles were incorporated into gelatin aerogels to ensure uniform distribution and increase the concentration. Our study focused on understanding the release kinetics of hydrophilic (gallic acid) and lipophilic (quercetin) compounds from this system. Nanoparticles exhibited hydrodynamic diameters of 100 ± 15 nm (empty), 153 ± 33 nm (gallic acid-loaded), and 149 ± 21 nm (quercetin-loaded), with encapsulation efficiencies of 90 ± 5% and 70 ± 10% respectively. Gallic acid release followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics model (n = 1.01), while quercetin showed first-order kinetics. Notably, encapsulated compounds demonstrated delayed release compared to free compounds in gelatin aerogels, illustrating LPHNPs' ability to modulate release profiles independent of the compound type. This study underscores the potential of LPHNPs in optimizing drug delivery strategies for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Assuntos

Ácido Gálico , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Nanopartículas , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico , Quercetina , Quercetina/química , Nanopartículas/química , Ácido Gálico/química , Cinética , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico e Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Lecitinas/química , Gelatina/química , Ácido Láctico/química , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Lipídeos/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Tamanho da Partícula

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that causes a breakdown of immune tolerance. Current treatments mainly involve general immunosuppression, increasing the risk of infections. On the other hand, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been investigated as a potential therapy for autoimmune diseases in recent years, prompting an ongoing investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BCG vaccination on early and late clinical presentation of SLE in a murine disease model. MRL/MPJ-Faslpr mice were immunized with BCG or treated with PBS as a control. The progress of the disease was evaluated at 27 days post-immunization (dpi) (early) and 56 dpi (late). Clinical parameters and proteinuria were monitored. Blood samples were collected for measurement of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and cytokine determination was performed using ELISA. Samples collected from mice were analyzed by flow cytometry and histopathology. We observed a clinical improvement in BCG-treated mice, reduced proteinuria in the latter stages of the disease, and decreased TNF-α. However, BCG did not elicit significant changes in ANAs, anti-dsDNA, histopathological scores, or immune cell infiltration. BCG was only partially beneficial in an SLE mouse model, and further research is needed to determine whether the immunity induced by this vaccine can counteract lupus's autoimmune response.

Assuntos

Anticorpos Antinucleares , Vacina BCG , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Animais , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Camundongos , Anticorpos Antinucleares/sangue , Anticorpos Antinucleares/imunologia , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Feminino , Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteinúria/imunologia , Proteinúria/etiologia , Vacinação , Camundongos Endogâmicos MRL lpr , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangue

RESUMO

Influenza A viruses (IAV) impose significant respiratory disease burdens in both swine and humans worldwide, with frequent human-to-swine transmission driving viral evolution in pigs and highlighting the risk at the animal-human interface. Therefore, a comprehensive One Health approach (interconnection among human, animal, and environmental health) is needed for IAV prevention, control, and response. Animal influenza genomic surveillance remains limited in many Latin American countries, including Colombia. To address this gap, we genetically characterized 170 swine specimens from Colombia (2011-2017). Whole genome sequencing revealed a predominance of pandemic-like H1N1 lineage, with a minority belonging to H3N2 and H1N2 human seasonal-like lineage and H1N1 early classical swine lineages. Significantly, we have identified reassortant and recombinant viruses (H3N2, H1N1) not previously reported in Colombia. This suggests a broad genotypic viral diversity, likely resulting from reassortment between classical endemic viruses and new introductions established in Colombia's swine population (e.g. the 2009 H1N1 pandemic). Our study highlights the importance of a One Health approach in disease control, particularly in an ecosystem where humans are a main source of IAV to swine populations, and emphasizes the need for continued surveillance and enhanced biosecurity measures. The co-circulation of multiple subtypes in regions with high swine density facilitates viral exchange, underscoring the importance of monitoring viral evolution to inform vaccine selection and public health policies locally and globally.

Assuntos

Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Filogenia , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Saúde Única , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A/classificação , Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Genoma Viral , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Vírus Reordenados/classificação , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N2/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N2/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N2/classificação , Influenza Humana/virologia , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia

RESUMO

In this study, titanium oxide TiO2 nanoparticles were produced using the sol-gel approach of green synthesis with pectin as the reducing agent. The synthetized TiO2 nanoparticles with pectin were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), visible light absorption (UV-Vis) and the BET method. The structure and morphology of the TiO2 powder were described with SEM, revealing uniform monodisperse grains with a distribution of 80% regarding sizes < 250 nm; the resulting crystal phase of synthetized TiO2 was identified as an anatase and rutile phase with a crystallinity size estimated between 27 and 40 nm. Also, the surface area was determined by nitrogen adsorption-desorption using the Brown-Emmet-Teller method, with a surface area calculated as 19.56 m2/g, typical of an IV type isotherm, indicating mesoporous NPs. UV-Vis spectra showed that sol-gel synthesis reduced the band gap from the 3.2 eV common value to 2.22 eV after estimating the optical band gap energy using the adsorption coefficient; this translates to a possible extended photo response to the visible region, improving photoactivity. In addition, the power conversion of the photoelectrode was compared based on similar assembly techniques of TiO2 electrode deposition. Quantum dot crystals were deposited ionically on the electrode surface, as two different paste formulations based on a pectin emulsifier were studied for layer deposition. The results confirm that the TiO2 paste with TiO2-synthesized powder maintained good connections between the nanocrystalline mesoporous grains and the deposited layers, with an efficiency of 1.23% with the transparent paste and 2.27% with the opaque paste. These results suggest that pectin could be used as a low-cost, functional sol-gel catalysis agent for the synthesis of controlled NPs of metal oxide. It demonstrates interesting optical properties, such as an increase in photo response, suggesting further applications to photocatalysts and biomedical features.

RESUMO

In recent years, novel apoC3 inhibitor therapies for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia have been developed and assessed through phase II and III clinical trials. The objective of this study was to perform an updated meta-analysis on the impact of new apoC3 inhibitor drugs on triglyceride and apoC3 levels, as well as on the incidence of pancreatitis. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled studies assessing the effects of apoC3 inhibitors therapy (antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA) on triglyceride levels, apoC3 levels, and the occurrence of acute pancreatitis. This meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The random-effects model was performed. Nine randomized clinical trials (n = 717 patients) were considered eligible for this systematic review. ApoC3 inhibitor drugs were consistently associated with decreased triglyceride levels (MD -57.0%; 95% CI -61.9 to -52.1, I2 82%) and lowered apoC3 values (MD -76; 95% CI -80.1 to -71.8, I2 77%) when compared to placebo. Furthermore, the use of apoC3 inhibitor drugs demonstrated a reduction in the risk of acute pancreatitis (OR 0.11; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, I2 0%). The present updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials demonstrated that the utilization of apoC3 inhibitors in patients with hypertriglyceridemia correlated with reduced apoC3 and triglyceride levels, along with a decreased risk of acute pancreatitis compared to the placebo.

Assuntos

Apolipoproteína C-III , Hipertrigliceridemia , Pancreatite , Triglicerídeos , Humanos , Apolipoproteína C-III/antagonistas & inibidores , Apolipoproteína C-III/sangue , Pancreatite/metabolismo , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Triglicerídeos/metabolismo , Hipertrigliceridemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) can lead to significant functional impairments, yet little is understood about the recovery phase and long-term consequences for patients in low- and medium-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional status and identify factors influencing outcomes among patients with GBS in Colombia. METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted with GBS patients enrolled in the Neuroviruses Emerging in the Americas Study between 2016 and 2020. The investigation encompassed access to health services and functional status assessments, utilizing the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), GBS Disability Score (GDS), Barthel Index (BI), and International Classification of Functioning (ICF). Univariate analysis, principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and linear regression were employed to explore factors influencing functional status. RESULTS: Forty-five patients (mean age = 50[±22] years) with a median time from diagnosis of 28 months (IQR = 9-34) were included. Notably, 22% and 16% of patients did not receive rehabilitation services during the acute episode and post-discharge, respectively. Most patients demonstrated independence in basic daily activities (median BI = 100, IQR = 77.5-100), improvement in disability as the median mRS at follow-up was lower than at onset (1 [IQR = 0-3] vs. 4.5 [IQR = 4-5], p < 0.001), and most were able to walk without assistance (median GDS = 2, IQR = 0-2). A shorter period from disease onset to interview was associated with worse mRS (p = 0.015) and ICF (p = 0.019). Negative outcomes on GDS and ICF were linked to low socioeconomic status, ICF to the severity of weakness at onset, and BI to an older age. CONCLUSIONS: This study underscores that the functional recovery of GBS patients in Colombia is influenced not only by the natural course of the disease but also by socioeconomic factors, emphasizing the crucial role of social determinants of health.

Assuntos

Síndrome de Guillain-Barré , Infecção por Zika virus , Humanos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Guillain-Barré/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Avaliação da Deficiência , Epidemias , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Estado Funcional

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Susac syndrome (SuS), multiple sclerosis (MS), and primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical features. We aimed to enhance diagnostic precision by developing the SPAMS (SuS, PACNS, MS) score, a practical radiological tool. METHODS: This multicenter study included 99 patients (43 SuS, 37 MS, 19 PACNS) from South American countries. Relevant MRI features were identified through an elastic-net model determined key variables. RESULTS: The SPAMS score assigned 2 points for snowball lesions, 1 point for spokes-like lesions, or if there are more than 4 lesions in the corpus callosum, corpus callosum involvement, or cerebellar involvement. It subtracted 1 point if gadolinium-enhancing lesions or 4 points if Dawson's fingers are present. Bootstrapping validated the optimal cutoff at 2 points, exhibiting a diagnostic performance of area under the curve = 0.931, sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 89%, positive predictive value = 88%, negative predictive value = 89%, and accuracy = 88%. INTERPRETATION: When specific MRI findings coexisted, the SPAMS score differentiated SuS from MS and PACNS. Access to MRI and standard protocol sequences makes it a valuable tool for timely diagnosis and treatment, potentially preventing disability progression and severe clinical outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:846-854.

Assuntos

Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Esclerose Múltipla , Síndrome de Susac , Vasculite do Sistema Nervoso Central , Humanos , Síndrome de Susac/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Esclerose Múltipla/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Adulto , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vasculite do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente

RESUMO

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt% has been studied. The effect of MWCNTs on thermal, viscoelastic, and electric properties in the TPU matrix was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and by impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the thermal, electrical, and viscoelastic properties, such as the glass transition temperature, shifted towards high temperatures. The melting temperature decreased, and the conductivity and the storage modulus increased by 61.5 % and 58.3 %. The previously observed behavior on the films is due to the increase in the mass percentage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the TPU matrix. Also, it can be said that the CNTs were homogeneously dispersed in the TPU matrix, preventing the movement of the polymer chains, and generating channels or connections that increase the conductivity and improve the thermal properties of the material.