RESUMO
PIP: An average of 30 years has been added to Mexican life expectancy in the past five decades. Women and men born in 1940 had life expectancies of 41.5 and 39.5 years, respectively, compared to 72.8 and 66.7 in 1990. Mortality declined most sharply between 1940 and 1960, and declined at varying rates in the subsequent decades. In the decade from 1980 to 1990, the mortality decline slowed. The differential in life expectancy between men and women amounted to 6.2 years in 1980 and 6.1 in 1990. The high life expectancy of women means that future advances will be more difficult to achieve. The greater survival of Mexicans over the five decades is due to improvements in living conditions, advances in preventive and curative medicine, and social policy. The slower pace of mortality decline in the past decade may perhaps have been due to deteriorating living conditions, reduced priority accorded to social policies in the areas of health and education, and declining real incomes. Mexican health, education, and other social policies have favored the urban and industrial centers, increasing regional disparities. A comparison of life expectancies in Oaxaca, one of the most impoverished states of Mexico, and Puebla, which has somewhat better conditions, with life expectancies in the wealthy state of Nuevo Leon and the Federal District demonstrates the influence of the level of development on life expectancy. Life expectancy in 1990 in Oaxaca and Puebla was the equivalent of that for all of Mexico ten years earlier. Men in Oaxaca live five years less on average than men in Nuevo Leon. But the gain in life expectancy for males was higher in Oaxaca between 1980 and 1990 than in the other states.^ieng
Assuntos
Expectativa de Vida , Mortalidade , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , América Latina , Longevidade , México , América do Norte , População , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
PIP: Infant mortality in Mexico has been declining since 1950. Between 1950- 60 it declined by more than 30% going from 132 to 90.3/1000 live births; from 1960-70 it declined by 15%; by 1970-1980 by 31% and from 1980-87 by 14% going from 53.1 to 46.6/1000. During 1950-1988 mortality among boys was 12% higher than among girls. The states with the highest infant mortality rates (IMR) in 1988 were: 1) Oaxaca with 73.6/1000; 2) Puebla with 60.1/1000 and 3) Hidalgo with 59.1/1000. Those states with the lowest IMR were Mexico City with 35.7 and Nuevo Leon with 32.3. It was found that IMR were 4 times higher in places with less than 2500 inhabitants as well as in places without water, light or electricity. However, the mother's education is the most important factor determining IMR.^ieng
Assuntos
Escolaridade , Mortalidade Infantil , Mortalidade , Dinâmica Populacional , Pobreza , América , Demografia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Economia , América Latina , México , América do Norte , População , Classe Social , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
PIP: This study is concerned with differentials in infant and child mortality among low-income urban groups in Mexico. Mortality differentials within and among marginal socioeconomic groups in suburbs of Mexico City and Leon are analyzed and compared using data collected in interviews in 1980 and 1983. The results indicate that the health benefits associated with modernization, such as improved sanitation, can sometimes be offset by their negative impact on mortality, such as industrial accidents and environmental pollution.^ieng