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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mechanisms leading to intermittent hypoxemia (IH) episodes in spontaneously breathing extremely premature infants at 32 weeks and 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). METHODS: We studied spontaneously breathing premature infants born at 23-28 weeks of gestational age who presented with IH episodes while on noninvasive respiratory support at 32 or 36 weeks PMA. Daytime recordings of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), esophageal pressure, respiratory inductive plethysmography of the abdomen, chest wall, and their sum were obtained during 4 hours at 32 weeks and 36 weeks PMA. IH episodes (SpO2 <90% for ≥5 seconds) and severe IH episodes (SpO2 < 80% for ≥5 seconds) were classified as resulting from apnea, active exhalation and breath holding, reduced tidal volume (VT), or reduced respiratory rate (RR) during the preceding 60 seconds. RESULTS: Fifty-one infants with a mean gestational age of 25.9 ± 1.5 weeks and a mean birth weight of 846 ± 185 g were included. Of these, 31 and 41 were included in the analysis at 32 weeks and 36 weeks PMA, respectively. At both 32 weeks and 36 weeks PMA, greater proportions of all IH episodes and severe IH episodes were associated with active exhalation and breath holding than with apnea, reduced RR, or reduced VT. The severity and duration of the IH episodes did not differ between mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of premature infants, the predominant mechanism associated with daytime IH was active exhalation and breath holding. This etiology is more closely associated with behavioral factors than abnormal respiratory control and can have implications for prevention.

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INTRODUCCIÓN. La relación entre el eje tiroideo y las patologías psiquiátricas, ha sido tema de amplio estudio, siendo la de mayor interés los trastornos afectivos y el hipotiroidismo. No solo la similitud de los síntomas que presentan las patologías, sino también la terapéutica esta-blecida, son argumentos a favor de la existencia de una relación significativa. A pesar de esto, la información de la que se dispone de estudios realizados es dividida. OBJETIVO. Describir la influencia del hipotiroidismo en el tipo de diagnóstico psiquiátrico y características clínicas en pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad Técnica de Salud Mental. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con una población de 678 pacientes y, muestra de 472, los criterios de inclusión fueron: mayores a 18 años: adultos de mediana edad de 18 a 64 y adultos mayores de 65 años, con diagnóstico definitivo de egreso acorde a la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades - 10 de trastornos mentales y del comportamiento; muestra subcategorizada en trastornos: 259 afectivos, 131 psicóticos, 44 por consumo de sustancias y 38 ansiosos; y, en los que se investigó hipotiroidismo, estuvieron hospitalizados y atendidos en la Unidad Técnica de Salud Mental del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, durante los años 2014 y 2015. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico International Business Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Versión 22.0. RESULTADOS. El 51,50% (243; 472) fueron de sexo masculino; el 90% (425; 472) fueron adultos de mediana edad; 54,9% (259; 472) fueron trastornos afectivos; 18,4% (87; 472) fueron pacientes hipotiroideos con diagnóstico defini-tivo de egreso de trastornos mentales y del comportamiento que correspondieron a los mayores de 65 años. Trastornos afectivos 19,7% (51; 259), psicóticos 16,8% (22; 131), por consumo de sustancias 13,6% (6; 44) y ansiosos 21,1% (8; 38). CONCLUSIÓN. Se evidenció una relación significativa entre hipotiroidismo y trastornos mentales y del comportamiento sobre todo del tipo afectivo en adultos mayores.

INTRODUCTION. The relationship between the thyroid axis and psychiatric pathologies has been the subject of extensive study, with affective disorders and hypothyroidism. Being of greatest inte-rest. Not only the similarity of the symptoms presented by the patologies,, but also the established therapeutic, are arguments in favor of the existence of a significant relationship. Despite this, from which studies are availablet is divided. OBJECTIVE. Describe the influence of hypothyroidism on the type of psychiatric diagnosis and clinical characteristics hospitalized patients at the Technical Unit for Mental Health. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Descriptive and retrospective study with a population of 678 patients and, sample of 472, the inclusion criteria were: older than 18 years: mi-ddle-aged adults aged 18 to 64 and adults over 65 years old, with definitive diagnosis of dischargeaccording to the Classification International Diseases - 10 of mental and behavioral disorders; sample subcategorized in disorders: 259 affective, 131 psychotic, 44 for substance use and 38 anxious; and, in which hypothyroidism was investigated, they were hospitalized and attended for in the Technical Mental Health Unit of the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialities Hospital, during the years 2014 and 2015. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Program International Bu-siness Machines Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 22.0. RESULTS. 51,50% (243; 472) were male; 90% (425; 472) were middle-aged adults; 54,9% (259; 472) were affecti-ve disorders; 18,4% (87; 472) were hypothyroid patients with definitive discharage diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders that corresponded to the elderly 65 years. Affective disorders 19,7% (51; 259), psychotic 16,8% (22; 131), substance use 13,6% (6; 44) and anxious 21,1% (8; 38). CONCLUSION. There was a significant relationship was shown between hypothyroidism and mental and behavioral disorders especially of the affective type in older adults.

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We report the case of a 61-year-old man who presented at the Emergency Department (ED), complaining of sudden-onset dyspnea and chest pain after a long flight from Tokyo to Houston. Considering his clinical stability and sPESI 0, enoxaparin 1 mg/kg BID was started for 24 h, and the patient was then considered for early discharge with apixaban 10 mg BID. Direct-factor Xa inhibition did not improve extensive thrombus burden and right ventricular dysfunction despite D-dimer measurement reduction. Because of the treatment failure, we considered thrombolysis. Currently, recommendations to use thrombolysis in patients under non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) do not exist. Hence, the one dose of apixaban was stopped, and 12 h later, we performed successful thrombolysis. A systematic review from 2007 to 2017 did not identify any cases related to NOACs failure to reduce thrombus burdens in patients with PE and persistent right ventricular dysfunction. We also did not find any evidence of cases that reported strategies for urgent thrombolysis in PE patients on NOACs. To the best of our knowledge, apixaban's failure to reduce thrombus burden, persistent right ventricular dysfunction, and a NOACs-thrombolysis bridge in patients with PE on apixaban has not been previously described. Both the bedside risk stratification and the therapeutic failures should alert clinicians in the ED to the potential limitations of low-molecular-weight heparin, NOACs therapy, and sPESI in the setting of intermediate-high-risk PE.

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Se presentan los resultados maternos hasta el mes post-parto de la evaluación tecnológica de tres modelos de atención del parto, con diferente nivel de complejidad, en 2313 gestantes de bajo riesgo obstétrico y similar nivel socio-económico, en Cali Colombia. Son estos resultados en conjunto con los del niño, objeto de otra publicación, los que determinan la escogencia del mejor modelo. Se hace énfasis en que las conclusiones comprende a modelos de atención en una población urbana y a muy corta distancia (5-10 minutos) del hospital de referencia

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