RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Colegio Mexicano de Reumatología (CMR) is a corporation whose brand has two elements-image and identity-that differentiate it from other corporations. We evaluated aspects of CMR's corporate image and identity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: To assess corporate image, we designed a survey using proof-of-concept and discrete-choice-experiments approaches. It assessed which definition (orthopedist, rheumatologist, or rehabilitator) was most meaningful in four pain scenarios in healthy adults from the country's Western region. We used discourse analysis and five readability indices of the CMR website to assess corporate identity. RESULTS: In total, 700 respondents were included. For every rheumatologist chosen in the hand scenario, respondents chose 1.13 orthopedists and 0.70 rehabilitators. For every rheumatologist chosen in the knee scenario, respondents chose 2.36 orthopedists and 0.64 rehabilitators, whereas 0.85 orthopedists and 0.58 rehabilitators were chosen in the arthritis scenario. Only 38% of the respondents preferred the CMR's definition of a rheumatologist to describe a rheumatologist. The younger age group preferred orthopedists to rheumatologists (50% vs. 31%, p<0.001). In the arthritis scenario, the choice of rheumatologist increased from 27% in the elementary school group to 49% in the university group (p<0.001). Mother was the most influential in healthcare seeking. The discursive analysis revealed that the CMR is positioned as a "we" restricted to "colleagues;" the patient did not have agentive representation. The semiotic structure of the CMR's mission/vision was deemed imprecise and lacking in statements of value and purpose; the readability scores indicated that the text was challenging and dry. CONCLUSIONS: The CMR's corporate image does not differentiate it from other health providers. CMR's identity seems ambiguous with restricted directionality. It seems pertinent to redefine the CMR.
Assuntos
Corporações Profissionais , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , México , Reumatologia , Ortopedia , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Introducción En la parálisis cerebral (PC) existen distintos procesos y tensiones musculares que afectan al desarrollo biomecánico de la articulación coxofemoral. El trabajo muestra las proporciones existentes entre medidas radiológicas referidas a musculatura periarticular de la cadera en relación con la morfología ósea. Materiales y métodos Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal de 14 individuos con PC pertenecientes a los niveles IV y V de la Gross Motor Function Classification System (28 caderas) de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 10 años. Se llevaron a cabo medidas radiológicas referidas a glúteo mediano, glúteo menor, cuadrado crural y pectíneo. También se valoraron el porcentaje de migración de Reimers y el ángulo cervicodiafisario de cada una de las caderas. Resultados Se comprueba una relación directa entre las distancias referidas a glúteo mediano y glúteo menor respecto a la realizada para el pectíneo e inversa de todas ellas respecto al cuadrado crural. El ángulo cervicodiafisario presentó relación inversa respecto a las proporciones para el cuadrado crural, tanto en proporción al glúteo mediano como en proporción al pectíneo. Discusión En la población de este estudio existe asociación entre una adecuada longitud de la musculatura pelvitrocantérea respecto a la aductora y abductora, y ángulos cervicodiafisarios cercanos a la normalidad, y son negativas medidas de acortamiento del cuadrado crural. Nivel de evidencia clínica Nivel IV.
Background In cerebral palsy (CP), there are different processes and muscle forces that affect the biomechanical developmental behaviour of the hip joint. This study aims to present the differences between radiological measurements as regards peri-articular hip musculature and the bone morphology. Materials and methods Descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study of 14 individuals, aged between 6 and 10 years, with CP at levels IV and V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (28 hips). Radiological measurements were performed on the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, quadratus femoris, and pectineus. Reimer's migration percentage and neck-shaft angle for each of the hips were also evaluated. Results A direct relationship was observed between distances as regards the gluteus medius and minimus, with respect to pectineus, and an inverse one of all with respect to quadratus femoris. The neck shaft angle showed an inverse relationship with the proportions for the quadratus femoris, both in proportion to the gluteus medius and pectineus. Discussion In the studied population, there is an association between an adequate length of the pelvic-trochanteric musculature with respect to the abductor and adductor and near-normal neck shaft angles, with measurements of shortening of the quadratus femoris being negative. Evidence level IV.
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Humanos , Radiografia , Paralisia Cerebral , Quadril , MúsculosRESUMO
Several studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) have extra-pituitary roles, including neurotrophic effects. This study was to evaluate the effects of GnRH treatment on the spinal cord injury (SCI) of rats. Ovariectomized rats were divided into: sham SCI surgery (Sham), SCI treated with saline solution (SCI + SS), and SCI treated with GnRH (SCI + GnRH). The SCI was induced by compression. One day after the lesion, SCI + GnRH group was injected with GnRH (60 µg/kg/twice/day; i.m.) for 15 days and the other groups with saline solution. To kinematic gait analysis, length and velocity of the stride were measured. In spinal cord, axonal morphometry and spared white and gray matter were analyzed by histochemistry. Protein expression of spinophilin was evaluated by western blot. The results showed that, 5 weeks after the injury, the group of animals treated with GnRH, significantly increased the length and velocity of the stride compared to SCI + SS group and they were similar to Sham group. In spinal cord, GnRH treatment increased the number and caliber of nerve axons and in the case of white matter, spared tissue was significantly higher than those animals treated with saline solution. The expression of spinophilin in spinal cord of SCI + GnRH group was slightly increased with respect to those not treated. In conclusion, GnRH treatment improves recovery of gait and decreases histopathological damage in the injured spinal cord of rat. These findings suggest that GnRH acts as a neurotrophic factor and can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of SCI.
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Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/uso terapêutico , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologia , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The analysis of the interaction and synchronization of relatively large ensembles of neurons is fundamental for the understanding of complex functions of the nervous system. It is known that the temporal synchronization of neural ensembles is involved in the generation of specific motor, sensory or cognitive processes. Also, the intersegmental coherence of spinal spontaneous activity may indicate the existence of synaptic neural pathways between different pairs of lumbar segments. In this study we present a multichannel version of the detrended fluctuation analysis method (mDFA) to analyze the correlation dynamics of spontaneous spinal activity (SSA) from time series analysis. This method together with the classical detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) were used to find out whether the SSA recorded in one or several segments in the spinal cord of the anesthetized cat occurs either in a random or in an organized manner. Our results are consistent with a non-random organization of the sets of neurons involved in the generation of spontaneous cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) recorded either from one lumbar segment (DFA-α mean = 1.04[Formula: see text]0.09) or simultaneously from several lumbar segments (mDFA-α mean = 1.01[Formula: see text]0.06), where α = 0.5 indicates randomness while α = 0.5 indicates long-term correlations. To test the sensitivity of the mDFA method we also examined the effects of small spinal lesions aimed to partially interrupt connectivity between neighboring lumbosacral segments. We found that the synchronization and correlation between the CDPs recorded from the L5 and L6 segments in both sides of the spinal cord were reduced when a lesion comprising the left dorsal quadrant was performed between the segments L5 and L6 (mDFA-[Formula: see text] = 0.992 as compared to initial conditions mDFA-α = 1.186). The synchronization and correlation were reduced even further after a similar additional right spinal lesion (mDFA-α = 0.924). In contrast to the classical methods, such as correlation and coherence quantification that define a relation between two sets of data, the mDFA method properly reveals the synchronization of multiple groups of neurons in several segments of the spinal cord. This method is envisaged as a useful tool to characterize the structure of higher order ensembles of cord dorsum spontaneous potentials after spinal cord or peripheral nerve lesions.
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Anestesia , Vias Neurais , Medula Espinal/fisiologia , Animais , Gatos , Região Lombossacral , Métodos , Transmissão SinápticaRESUMO
Interest is growing among psychobiologists and behavioral ecologists in the role of sibling relations in shaping individual development and life histories. In litters of domestic rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus the heaviest pups at birth are more likely to survive the critical first postnatal week, they compete more effectively with littermates for milk and well-insulated positions in the litter huddle, and are the heaviest at weaning. Here we report that high birth weight pups are also better able to maintain body equilibrium. Testing pups' ability to maintain equilibrium when placed on a 15 degrees ramp for 2 min each day during the first postnatal week, we found that pups showed a continual daily improvement in their ability to maintain balance while moving on the ramp, rarely lost balance by postnatal day 8, and that heavier pups could maintain balance better and earlier than their lighter littermates. Better ability to maintain body equilibrium, however achieved, may help explain heavier pups' advantage in competing for vital resources such as milk and in gaining access to better-insulated positions in the litter huddle. It also provides further support for the usefulness of birth weight, not only as an absolute measure but also relative to the weight of other littermates, as a predictor of different developmental trajectories, behavioral and physiological, among same-age siblings in this mammal.
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Equilíbrio Postural , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Comportamento Animal , Peso ao Nascer , Peso Corporal , Comportamento Competitivo , Meio Ambiente , Feminino , Locomoção , Masculino , CoelhosRESUMO
We have studied the effect of the lesion of the dopaminergic innervation of the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRn) on anxiety and motor behaviour. The lesion of the dopamine innervation was produced by the injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the dorsal part of the thalamic reticular nucleus. The lesion decreased the number of TH (+) cells of the pars compacta of substantia nigra by 33%, without modifying the number of TH (+) cells in ventral tegmental area. The lesion increased the time spent by the rats on the open arms of the elevated plus maze and decreased the duration of burying in the shock-probe test. Both results suggest reduced anxiety. The loss of the dopamine innervation to the TRn decreased the number of rearings but did not significantly affect total motor activity, gait or motor coordination, as evidenced by rotarod performance. These findings suggest that dopamine in the TRn plays a role in fear-related behaviour.
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Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Oxidopamina/toxicidade , Núcleos Talâmicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Análise de Variância , Animais , Ansiedade/prevenção & controle , Contagem de Células/métodos , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologia , Medo/efeitos dos fármacos , Medo/fisiologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/patologia , Oxidopamina/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Substância Negra/efeitos dos fármacos , Substância Negra/metabolismo , Substância Negra/patologia , Núcleos Talâmicos/metabolismo , Núcleos Talâmicos/patologia , Tirosina 3-Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Área Tegmentar Ventral/efeitos dos fármacos , Área Tegmentar Ventral/metabolismo , Área Tegmentar Ventral/patologiaRESUMO
In women, birth trauma can result in altered anatomy of supporting structures of the pelvic floor and in the development of urinary incontinence. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between parturition and the morphology and function of perineal and pelvic muscles in the female rabbit. In ten nulliparous and ten multiparous same-age females, we investigated morphological, histological (n = 5 females/group), and contractile characteristics (n = 5 females/group) of the perineal bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and the pelvic pubococcygeus (Pcm) muscles. Bsm and Pcm muscles of multiparous females were significantly lighter, they had a smaller cross-sectional fiber area, and developed significantly lower twitch and tetanic tension force in response to electrical stimulation than muscles of nulliparous females. In female rabbits, multiparity is associated with potentially pathological changes in the morphological and functional characteristics of these perineal and pelvic muscles, possibly as a result of stretching during parturition.
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Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Diafragma da Pelve/anatomia & histologia , Diafragma da Pelve/fisiologia , Períneo/anatomia & histologia , Períneo/fisiologia , Animais , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Músculo Esquelético/anatomia & histologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Paridade , Gravidez , CoelhosRESUMO
In this study we analyze the possible relationship between fluctuations in area of monosynaptic reflex responses (MSR) and Hoffmann's reflex (H reflexes) in the plantar closed loop pathway of the anesthetized rat. These reflexes were evoked by low-frequency stimuli applied to the sciatic nerve or lateral plantar nerve and then concurrently recorded on the distal tibial nerve or lateral plantar nerve, respectively as well as the lateral plantar muscles in the foot of the anesthetized rat. From trial to trial, H reflexes showed higher variability in area than MSR, whether the latter was recorded in the distal tibial nerve (n=8 experiments) or in the lateral plantar nerve (n=5 experiments). No linear correlation was found between changes in area of concurrently evoked MSR and H reflexes (r(MSR-H,n=8)=0.11+/-0.03 and r(MSR-H,n=5)=0.08+/-0.09, respectively). These findings suggest that trial-to-trial fluctuations in area of H reflexes may involve interaction of several sources of variation, among others to MSR variability (due to pre-, and post-synaptic factors influencing the excitability of spinal motoneurons) in combination with those related to peripheral mechanisms, such as trial to trial activation of a different number of muscle fibers, either by the probabilistic transmitter release from neuromuscular junctions, by activation of motor units of variable size or to fluctuations in excitability of muscle fibers.