RESUMO
Enteroviruses (EV) are predominantly enteric viruses, present in all parts of the world causing disease in humans with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. The purpose of this study was to identify non-polio enteroviruses (NPEV) in stool samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) symptoms of unknown etiology in four provinces (Maputo, Nampula, Sofala and Zambézia) of Mozambique. From June 2014 to March 2018, 327 stool samples were collected from children hospitalized with AGE in health care units. NPEVs were detected in 52 samples (52/327; 15.9%) and were more frequent in children under 5 years of age. The age group from 12 to 23 months was the most affected and showed more severity of disease. We also identified 26 different EV-types with the following detection pattern EV-B>EV-C>EV-A. The major EV-types were EV-A119 (9/52; 17.3%) and EV-C99 (8/52; 15.4%), accounting for 32.7% of the total. In addition to EV-A119, other uncommon EV-types were also identified, such as EV-B75, EV-B97 and EV-C113. The current study shows a high heterogeneity of EV types circulating in children with AGE in Mozambique as well as the identification of rarely described enteroviruses.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Infecções por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , Fezes , Filogenia , Enterovirus , Gastroenterite , Gastroenterite/enzimologia , Moçambique/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aging is a multifactorial physiological phenomenon, in which a series of changes in the body composition occur, such as a decrease in muscle mass and bone mineral density and an increase in fat mass. This study aimed to determine the relationship of muscle mass, osteoporosis, and obesity with the strength and functional capacity of non-dependent people over 70 years of age. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed, whose study population was all people aged over 70 years, living independently and attending academic and recreational programs. Muscle strength and functional capacity of the participants were assessed by isometric exercises of lower and upper limbs and by four tests taken from the Senior Fitness Test, respectively. Bone mineral density, total mass, fat mass, total lean mass, arms lean mass, legs lean mass, and appendicular lean mass (ALM) was calculated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Differences in muscle strength and functional capacity, according to the sex, muscle mass, mineral bone density and fat mass, were measured by χ2 test, independent samples Student's t-test, analysis of covariance and a 2-factor analysis of covariance; Results: 143 subjects were included in the study group. Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for body mass index (BMI) had a maximal dynamic biceps strength in a single repetition, a maximal isometric leg extension strength, a maximal dynamic leg extension strength in a single repetition, a maximum right hand grip strength and maximum hand grip strength (the highest). Significantly higher values were observed in the maximal isometric biceps' strength in men with osteoporosis. Obese men had less isometric strength in the biceps and took longer to perform the chair stand test; Conclusions: Men and women with an adequate amount of ALM adjusted for BMI obtained better results in tests of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, osteoporosis and obesity are not related to these parameters.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Força Muscular , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Densidade Óssea , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologiaRESUMO
The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies the importance of implementing physical activity programs such as physical education (PE) classes in schools. This study identifies the attitudes of obese children toward PE, before and after participation in a vigorous-intensity physical exercise program without the participation of normal-weight peers using a questionnaire on Attitudes toward Physical Education (CAEF). 98 children between 8-11 years of age were randomized in an Experimental Group (GE) (n = 48) and a Control Group (CG) (n = 47). They were assessed using a questionnaire on Attitudes toward Physical Education (CAEF). All the study participants exhibited a BMI Z-score ≥ 2. Before the intervention, the only difference between boys and girls was "empathy to teacher and physical education subject" (p = 0.001, d de Cohen = 0.72, r = 0.34). The interaction between gender and training was only present in empathy for the teacher, with a medium effect size (η2 = 0.055). The implementation of PE with two hours per week elicits only a few effects over the attitude of obese children, even though with a certain engagement of gender through training in the adjustment of empathy for teachers and the PE class.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Educação Física e Treinamento , Atitude , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Infantil , Instituições AcadêmicasRESUMO
(1) Background: The high prevalence of childhood obesity and its multicausal etiology make it necessary to approach it through different strategies, whose objective is to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children. Regular physical activity, in addition to having positive effects on the physical environment of those who practice it, influences positively in psychological aspects such as anxiety and depression, which are very frequent in children with obesity and overweight. (2) Objective: To analyze the changes produced by a program of physical exercise based on anthropometric indicators and levels of anxiety and depression in a population of Mexican children with obesity. (3) Methods: A longitudinal study with experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). The analysis population consisted of 105 children with a body mass index (BMI) for their gender and age group above the 95th percentile, of which 60 were girls and 45 were boys, with a mean age of 10.02 years (SD ± 0.79). By randomizing the participants, 54 were part of the EG and 51 of the, CG The EG participated in a physical exercise program, distributed in two weekly sessions, each lasting 50 minutes, for 20 consecutive weeks. The CG group continued its usual activities during the intervention period. An inferential analysis was performed between the socio-demographic, anthropometric and psychological variables. (4) Results: The implementation of a physical exercise program in children with obesity favors the appearance of positive thoughts, with improvements in their emotional well-being, self-perception and self-concept; although it does not produce significant changes in weight, height, Z-Score, level of anxiety or depressive thoughts. (5) Discussion: Regular physical exercise practice has positive effects on mental health, although new studies are required to analyze specifically its influence on anxiety and depression in children with obesity.
Assuntos
Ansiedade , Depressão , Obesidade Infantil , Ansiedade/complicações , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/epidemiologia , Exercício Físico , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/psicologia , Obesidade Infantil/terapiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Latin American dental schools are at diverse stages in the continuum of implementation of infection control (IC) programmes that comply with evidence-based recommendations. Poor IC training may result in low compliance and negative attitudes against patients infected with blood borne pathogens (BBP). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate students' knowledge on IC and attitudes toward occupational BBP risks, in six dental schools in Latin America. METHODS: This survey was administered to convenience samples of dental students at one school in Costa Rica; four schools in Mexico, and one in Venezuela. The questionnaire included Likert-type scale evaluations of agreement with statements. Study variables included knowledge about and confidence in recommended IC procedures, degree of concern about HIV and HBV transmission in dental settings, and attitudes toward patients infected with BBP. Possible associations between variables were analysed using Pearson's Chi square and Kruskal Wallis tests. RESULTS: Substantial numbers of students had incomplete knowledge and often lacked confidence on IC and procedures; believed that HIV and HBV could be transmitted during clinical procedures; felt worried about occupational exposure to BBP, and held prejudices towards HIV and HBV infected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Educational efforts are needed to enhance IC teaching and compliance. Diverse educational resources and international networks for research collaboration are available from organisations specialised in IC, hopefully paving the way to harmonising regional standards.
Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Educação em Odontologia , Controle de Infecções Dentárias , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Patógenos Transmitidos pelo Sangue , Costa Rica , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Hepatite B/prevenção & controle , Hepatite B/psicologia , Humanos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional , Masculino , México , Inquéritos e Questionários , VenezuelaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the depth of necrosis achieved using CO2- and N2O-cryotherapy. METHOD: We treated 20 women with CO2-cryotherapy and 20 with N2O-cryotherapy 24 h prior to undergoing total hysterectomy for reasons unrelated to cervical cancer. Depth of necrosis in the ectocervix was measured on surgically removed tissue. RESULTS: The mean depth of necrosis for the anterior lip achieved by N2O-cryotherapy was 5.3 mm compared with 3.4 mm by CO2-cryotherapy (P<0.001). We found similar results for the posterior lip (5.0 vs 3.1 mm; P<0.001). N2O-cryotherapy was more likely than CO2-cryotherapy to achieve a depth of necrosis of >or=4.8 mm for the anterior lip (75% vs 15%; P<0.001) and posterior lip (60% vs 5%; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that CO2-cryotherapy may not achieve the depth of necrosis necessary to completely destroy cervical precancer and therefore may be less robust than N2O-cryotherapy.
Assuntos
Colo do Útero/cirurgia , Conização/métodos , Crioterapia/métodos , Displasia do Colo do Útero/terapia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/terapia , Dióxido de Carbono/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Óxido Nitroso/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
El tumor de células de la granulosa de ovario es una neoplasia relativamente rara, caracterizada por tener crecimiento lento y recurrente tardía, además, de estar asociada a producción de hormonas. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 77 casos presentados en el Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) entre enero de 1960 y diciembre de 1995. La edad promedio fue 47.7 años, y los síntomas más frecuente fueran dolor abdominal y sangrado postmenopáusico. El 70 por ciento de los casos fueron estadío I y la sobrevida global a 10 años fue 70 por ciento presentándose las recurrencias luego de 40.7 meses en promedio. El estadío y el índice mitótico se consideran principales factores pronósticos.