RESUMO
The European grapevine moth, a Palearctic pest, was first detected in the Americas in 2008. Its establishment in Chile presented production and export issues for grapes and other fruits, and a national control campaign was launched. Urban areas next to agricultural production areas were recognized as a challenge for effective control. In 2015, a SIT laboratory was established in Arica, Chile to evaluate its potential for urban control. Progress included the development and evaluation of artificial diets, a mass-rearing of 75,000 moths/week, confirmation of 150 Gy as an operational dose for inherited sterility, and releases of sterile moths in a 25 ha urban area next to fruit production areas. Season-long releases demonstrated that high overflooding ratios were achieved early in the season but decreased with a large increase in the wild moth population. Sterile moth quality was consistently high, and moths were observed living in the field up to 10 days and dispersing up to 800 m. Recommendations for further development of the SIT include conducting cage and field studies to evaluate overflooding ratios and mating competitiveness, measuring of infestation densities in release and no-release areas, and conducting trials to evaluate combining SIT with compatible integrated pest management (IPM) tactics such as fruit stripping and use of mating disruption.
RESUMO
We previously identified bipolar disorder (BD) susceptibility loci on 8q24, 14q32, and 2q12-14 in a genome-wide nonparametric linkage screen in a Latino cohort. We now perform a fine mapping analysis using a dense map of additional SNPs to identify BD susceptibility genes within these regions. One thousand nine hundred and thirty-eight individuals with Latino ancestry (880 individuals with BD Type I or Schizoaffective, Bipolar Type) from 416 Latino pedigrees from the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica, and Guatemala were genotyped with 3,074 SNPs to provide dense coverage of the 8q24 (11.5 cM), 14q32 (7.5 cM), and 2q12-14 (6.5 cM) chromosomal loci. Single-marker association tests in the presence of linkage were performed using the LAMP software. The top linkage peak (rs7834818; LOD = 5.08, p = 3.30E - 5) and associated single marker (rs2280915, p = 2.70E - 12) were located within FBXO32 on 8q24. On chromosome 2, the top linkage peak (rs6750326; LOD = 5.06, p = 3.50E - 5) and associated single marker (rs11887088, p = 2.90E - 6) were located in intragenic regions near ACTR3 and DPP10. None of the additional markers in the region around chromosome 14q32 met significance levels for linkage or association. We identified six SNPs on 2q12-q14 and one SNP in FBXO32 on 8q24 that were significantly associated with BD in this Latino cohort.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Cromossomos Humanos Par 2/genética , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Proteína 3 Relacionada a Actina/genética , Proteína 3 Relacionada a Actina/metabolismo , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico/métodos , Costa Rica , Dipeptidil Peptidases e Tripeptidil Peptidases/genética , Dipeptidil Peptidases e Tripeptidil Peptidases/metabolismo , Feminino , Ligação Genética/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Genótipo , Guatemala , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Humanos , Escore Lod , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Musculares/genética , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Transtornos Psicóticos/psicologia , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/genética , Proteínas Ligases SKP Culina F-Box/metabolismo , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous putative genetic polymorphisms associated with bipolar disorder (BD) and/or schizophrenia (SC). We hypothesized that a portion of these polymorphisms would also be associated with BD in the Latino American population. To identify such regions, we tested previously identified genetic variants associated with BD and/or SC and ancestral haploblocks containing these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of Latino subjects with BD. METHODS: A total of 2254 Latino individuals were genotyped for 91 SNPs identified in previous BD and/or SC GWASs, along with selected SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with these markers. Family-based single marker and haplotype association testing was performed using the PBAT software package. Empirical P-values were derived from 10 000 permutations. RESULTS: Associations of eight a priori GWAS SNPs with BD were replicated with nominal (P≤.05) levels of significance. These included SNPs within nuclear factor I A (NFIA), serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 (SDCCAG8), lysosomal associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), major histocompatibility complex, class I, B (HLA-B) and 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II (NT5C2) and SNPs within intragenic regions microRNA 6828 (MIR6828)-solute carrier family 7 member 14 (SLC7A14) and sonic hedgehog (SHH)-long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1006 (LINC01006). Of the 76 ancestral haploblocks that were tested for associations with BD, our top associated haploblock was located in LAMP3; however, the association did not meet statistical thresholds of significance following Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that some of the gene variants found to be associated with BD or SC in other populations are also associated with BD risk in Latinos. Variants in six genes and two intragenic regions were associated with BD in our Latino sample and provide additional evidence for overlap in genetic risk between SC and BD.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Lisossomal/genética , Subunidade p50 de NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Esquizofrenia , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/etnologia , Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Testes Genéticos , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Haplótipos , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Esquizofrenia/etnologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Through recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs), several groups have reported significant association between variants in the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L-type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C) and bipolar disorder (BP) in European and European-American cohorts. We performed a family-based association study to determine whether CACNA1C is associated with BP in the Latino population. METHODS: This study included 913 individuals from 215 Latino pedigrees recruited from the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. The Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping Assay was used to genotype 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that spanned a 602.9-kb region encompassing the CACNA1C gene including two SNPs (rs7297582 and rs1006737) previously shown to associate with BP. Individual SNP and haplotype association analyses were performed using Family-Based Association Test (version 2.0.3) and Haploview (version 4.2) software. RESULTS: An eight-locus haplotype block that included these two markers showed significant association with BP (global marker permuted p = 0.0018) in the Latino population. For individual SNPs, this sample had insufficient power (10%) to detect associations with SNPs with minor effect (odds ratio = 1.15). CONCLUSIONS: Although we were not able to replicate findings of association between individual CACNA1C SNPs rs7297582 and rs1006737 and BP, we were able to replicate the GWAS signal reported for CACNA1C through a haplotype analysis that encompassed these previously reported significant SNPs. These results provide additional evidence that CACNA1C is associated with BP and provides the first evidence that variations in this gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder in the Latino population.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/genética , Canais de Cálcio/genética , Saúde da Família , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Costa Rica , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Estudos de Associação Genética , Guatemala , Haplótipos , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Humanos , Masculino , México , Estados UnidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to estimate the frequency and course of substances use disorders in Latino patients with schizophrenia and to ascertain risk factors associated with substance use disorders in this population. METHOD: We studied 518 subjects with schizophrenia recruited for a genetic study from the Southwest United States, Mexico, and Central America (Costa Rica and Guatemala). Subjects were assessed using structured interviews and a best estimate consensus process. Logistic regression, chi(2), t test, Fisher's exact test, and Yates' correction, as appropriate, were performed to assess the sociodemographic variables associated with dual diagnosis. We defined substance use disorder as either alcohol or substance abuse or dependence. RESULTS: Out of 518 patients with schizophrenia, 121 (23.4%) had substance use disorders. Comorbid substance use disorders were associated with male gender, residence in the United States, immigration of Mexican men to the United States, history of depressive syndrome or episode, and being unemployed. The most frequent substance use disorder was alcohol abuse/dependence, followed by marijuana abuse/dependence, and solvent abuse/dependence. CONCLUSION: This study provides data suggesting that depressive episode or syndrome, unemployment, male gender, and immigration of Mexican men to the United States were factors associated with substance use disorder comorbidity in schizophrenia. Binary logistic regression showed that country of residence was associated with substance use disorder in schizophrenic patients. The percentage of subjects with comorbid substance use disorders was higher in the Latinos living in the United States compared with subjects living in Central America and Mexico.
Assuntos
Saúde da Família , Hispânico ou Latino , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/genética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/genética , Adulto , Idade de Início , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/classificaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated a new set of families of Latin American ancestry in order to detect the location of genes predisposing to schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. METHOD: A genome-wide scan was performed for 175 newly recruited families with at least two siblings suffering from a psychotic disorder. Best-estimate consensus procedures were used to arrive at diagnoses, and nonparametric allele-sharing statistics were calculated to detect linkage. RESULTS: Genome-wide significant evidence for linkage for the phenotype of DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was found in a region on chromosome 17q21 (lod score, 3.33). A region on chromosome 15q22-23 showed suggestive evidence of linkage with this same phenotype (lod score, 2.11). Analyses using a broader model (any psychosis) yielded evidence of suggestive linkage for the 17q21 region only, and no region achieved genome-wide significance of linkage. CONCLUSIONS: The new set of 175 families of Mexican and Central American ancestry delineates two new loci likely to harbor predisposition genes for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The region with the strongest support for linkage in this sample, 17q21, has been implicated in meta-analyses of schizophrenia genome screens, but the authors found no previous reports of it as a locus for schizophrenia in specific population- or family-based studies, and it may represent the location of a schizophrenia predisposition gene (or genes) of special relevance in Mexican and Central American populations.
Assuntos
Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 17/genética , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Americanos Mexicanos/genética , Transtornos Psicóticos/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Ligação Genética/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Genótipo , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Humanos , Escore Lod , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Fenótipo , Transtornos Psicóticos/etnologia , Esquizofrenia/etnologia , Sudoeste dos Estados UnidosRESUMO
This study attempted to replicate evidence for association of the Epsin 4 gene (which encodes enthoprotin, a protein involved in vesicular transport) to schizophrenia in a new sample of families segregating schizophrenia drawn from the Latin American population. 1,423 subjects (767 with a history of psychosis) from 337 Latino families were genotyped using three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the Epsin 4 gene. A family based association test was utilized to test for association of these SNPs to the phenotypes of psychosis and schizophrenia. Haplotypes defined by these three SNPs showed significant association to the phenotype of psychosis in this sample (global p value=0.014, bi-allelic p value=0.047). Variation in the Epsin 4 gene is significantly associated with psychotic disorder in this Latino population. This provides additional support for the involvement of enthoprotin in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.