RESUMO
Background: Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is the most commonly performed elective surgical procedure in companionanimals. OHE offers benefits of control of population and decreased risk of potentially life-threatening diseases such asmammarian tumours and pyometra. Traditional OHE intervention causes inflammation and pain due to trauma duringorgan manipulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal and incisional administrationof bupivacaine (BP) or levobupivacaine (LP) on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing the OHE procedure.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 24 mix-breed bitches aged between 1 - 3 years and weighed 19 - 20 kg wereused in this study. The animals were divided into three groups as control (n = 8), BP (n = 8) and LP group (n = 8). Theanimals were kept under surveillance at the hospitalisation unit of the animal hospital for one day before the elective OHE.The dogs were fasted for 12 h before the surgery, with adlib water consumption. Atropine sulphate 0.045 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously approximately 30 min before general anaesthesia. Midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) was intravenouslyinjected into all dogs for pre-anaesthetic medication. After sedation, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg, IV)and then the dogs were orotracheally intubated using cuffed endotracheal tubes. General anaesthesia was maintained byadministration of 2% isoflurane. The ventral abdomen was prepared aseptically for OHE following the general anaesthesia.All animals were operated on by the same surgeon. During surgery, sprayed bupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equalvolume of saline in BP group, levobupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equal volume of saline in LP were then appliedover the ovaries, uterine broad ligaments and cervix uteri. After removal of the uterine body, either LP or BP was sprayedto left and right, or cranial and caudal parts of the abdominal cavity...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Bupivacaína/análise , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Analgesia/métodos , Analgesia/veterinária , Injeções Intraperitoneais/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , HisterectomiaRESUMO
Background: Ovariohysterectomy (OHE) is the most commonly performed elective surgical procedure in companionanimals. OHE offers benefits of control of population and decreased risk of potentially life-threatening diseases such asmammarian tumours and pyometra. Traditional OHE intervention causes inflammation and pain due to trauma duringorgan manipulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of intraperitoneal and incisional administrationof bupivacaine (BP) or levobupivacaine (LP) on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing the OHE procedure.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 24 mix-breed bitches aged between 1 - 3 years and weighed 19 - 20 kg wereused in this study. The animals were divided into three groups as control (n = 8), BP (n = 8) and LP group (n = 8). Theanimals were kept under surveillance at the hospitalisation unit of the animal hospital for one day before the elective OHE.The dogs were fasted for 12 h before the surgery, with adlib water consumption. Atropine sulphate 0.045 mg/kg was administered subcutaneously approximately 30 min before general anaesthesia. Midazolam (0.3 mg/kg) was intravenouslyinjected into all dogs for pre-anaesthetic medication. After sedation, anaesthesia was induced with propofol (4 mg/kg, IV)and then the dogs were orotracheally intubated using cuffed endotracheal tubes. General anaesthesia was maintained byadministration of 2% isoflurane. The ventral abdomen was prepared aseptically for OHE following the general anaesthesia.All animals were operated on by the same surgeon. During surgery, sprayed bupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equalvolume of saline in BP group, levobupivacaine 0.5% (4.4 mg/kg) with an equal volume of saline in LP were then appliedover the ovaries, uterine broad ligaments and cervix uteri. After removal of the uterine body, either LP or BP was sprayedto left and right, or cranial and caudal parts of the abdominal cavity...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Analgesia/métodos , Analgesia/veterinária , Bupivacaína/análise , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Histerectomia , Injeções Intraperitoneais/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Nineteen species of Passiflora (Passifloraceae) were examined for the presence of cyanogenic glycosides. Passibiflorin, a bisglycoside containing the 6-deoxy-beta-D-gulopyranosyl residue, was isolated from P. apetala, P. biflora, P. cuneata, P. indecora, P. murucuja and P. perfoliata. In some cases this glycoside co-occurs with simple beta-D-glucopyranosides: tetraphyllin A, deidaclin, tetraphyllin B, volkenin, epivolkenin and taraktophyllin. P. citrina contains passicapsin, a rare glycoside with the 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl moiety, while P. herbertiana contains tetraphyllin A, deidaclin, epivolkenin and taraktophyllin, P. discophora tetraphyllin B and volkenin, and P. x violacea tetraphyllin B sulfate. The remaining species were noncyanogenic. The glycosides were identified by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy following isolation by reversed-phase preparative HPLC. From P. guatemalensis, a new glucoside named passiguatemalin was isolated and identified as a 1-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3-dihydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile. An isomeric glycoside was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of gynocardin. alpha-Hydroxyamides corresponding to the cyanogenic glycosides were isolated from several Passiflora species. These alpha-hydroxyamides, presumably formed during processing of the plant material, behave as cyanogenic compounds when treated with commercial Helix pomatia crude enzyme preparation. Thus, the enzyme preparation appears to contain an amide dehydratase, which converts alpha-hydroxyamides to cyanohydrins that liberate cyanide; this finding is of interest in connection with analysis of plant tissues and extracts using Helix pomatia enzymes.