RESUMO
Plant stress is one of the most significant factors affecting plant fitness and, consequently, food production. However, plant stress may also be profitable since it behaves hormetically; at low doses, it stimulates positive traits in crops, such as the synthesis of specialized metabolites and additional stress tolerance. The controlled exposure of crops to low doses of stressors is therefore called hormesis management, and it is a promising method to increase crop productivity and quality. Nevertheless, hormesis management has severe limitations derived from the complexity of plant physiological responses to stress. Many technological advances assist plant stress science in overcoming such limitations, which results in extensive datasets originating from the multiple layers of the plant defensive response. For that reason, artificial intelligence tools, particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), have become crucial for processing and interpreting data to accurately model plant stress responses such as genomic variation, gene and protein expression, and metabolite biosynthesis. In this review, we discuss the most recent ML and DL applications in plant stress science, focusing on their potential for improving the development of hormesis management protocols.
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Manual measurements of foot anthropometry can lead to errors since this task involves the experience of the specialist who performs them, resulting in different subjective measures from the same footprint. Moreover, some of the diagnoses that are given to classify a footprint deformity are based on a qualitative interpretation by the physician; there is no quantitative interpretation of the footprint. The importance of providing a correct and accurate diagnosis lies in the need to ensure that an appropriate treatment is provided for the improvement of the patient without risking his or her health. Therefore, this article presents a smart sensor that integrates the capture of the footprint, a low computational-cost analysis of the image and the interpretation of the results through a quantitative evaluation. The smart sensor implemented required the use of a camera (Logitech C920) connected to a Raspberry Pi 3, where a graphical interface was made for the capture and processing of the image, and it was adapted to a podoscope conventionally used by specialists such as orthopedist, physiotherapists and podiatrists. The footprint diagnosis smart sensor (FPDSS) has proven to be robust to different types of deformity, precise, sensitive and correlated in 0.99 with the measurements from the digitalized image of the ink mat.
Assuntos
Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Antropometria , Custos e Análise de Custo , Pé , Humanos , HipersensibilidadeRESUMO
Soil drought represents one of the most dangerous stresses for plants. It impacts the yield and quality of crops, and if it remains undetected for a long time, the entire crop could be lost. However, for some plants a certain amount of drought stress improves specific characteristics. In such cases, a device capable of detecting and quantifying the impact of drought stress in plants is desirable. This article focuses on testing if the monitoring of physiological process through a gas exchange methodology provides enough information to detect drought stress conditions in plants. The experiment consists of using a set of smart sensors based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to monitor a group of plants under controlled drought conditions. The main objective was to use different digital signal processing techniques such as the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to explore the response of plant physiological processes to drought. Also, an index-based methodology was utilized to compensate the spatial variation inside the greenhouse. As a result, differences between treatments were determined to be independent of climate variations inside the greenhouse. Finally, after using the DWT as digital filter, results demonstrated that the proposed system is capable to reject high frequency noise and to detect drought conditions.
Assuntos
Secas , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estresse Fisiológico , Produtos Agrícolas , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia , Solo , Análise de OndaletasRESUMO
Approximately 25%-40% of ischemic strokes are considered of unknown cause (ie, cryptogenic). The available information on associated risk factors, functional outcome, and recurrence of this subtype of stroke is limited, especially for the Chilean population. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 380 patients aged ≥ 18 years admitted consecutively to a stroke unit with demonstrated ischemic stroke. The stroke subtypes were classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. The modified Rankin Scale score and Barthel Index were used to assess functional outcome. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to identify predictors of recurrent stroke during the follow-up period (mean, 2.1 years). Cryptogenic stroke (CS) was diagnosed in 76 patients (20%), 55.2% of them male, with a mean age of 62 ± 17 years. CS was the third most common stroke subtype after the large-artery disease (29%) and cardioembolic (24.4%) subtypes. After adjustment for age and sex, no vascular risk factors or laboratory parameters assessed at the time of admission were found to be predictive of CS. The CS subtype had the lowest rate of stroke recurrence at the end of the follow-up period (n = 4; 2.5% per year; odds ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.91; P = .022), a favorable functional outcome (mean modified Rankin Scale score, 2; mean Barthel Index, 77), and no increase in mortality risk (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.29-1.77; P = .48). Our findings demonstrate that patients with no definite etiology identified after an extensive workup are at lower risk of recurrence and more likely to have a favorable outcome. No risk factors distinguish CS from other stroke subtypes in our study population.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/mortalidade , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Chile/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Avaliação da Deficiência , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A rare congenital myocardial defect, known as left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction (LVHT), has been occasionally described associated with thrombus formation with a potential systemic embolic risk, but its association with ischemic strokes remains controversial. We report a case of ischemic stroke in a patient with severe LVHT and ventricular dysfunction as a possible etiologic synergistic association. In absence of other embolic sources, a severe LVTH associated with ventricular dysfunction could constitute a potential source of brain embolism, especially in patients with high suspicion of an embolic mechanism of ischemic stroke.
Assuntos
Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Embolia Intracraniana/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Humanos , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Um raro defeito congênito do miocárdio, conhecido como hipertrabeculação/não-compactação do ventrículo esquerdo (HTVE/NCVE) tem sido ocasionalmente descrito em associação com a formação de trombos com um potencial risco embólico sistêmico, mas sua associação com derrames isquêmicos permanece controversa. Reportamos o caso de um derrame isquêmico em paciente com grave (HTVE/NCVE) e disfunção ventricular como uma possível associação sinérgica etiológica. Na ausência de outras fontes embólicas, uma grave HTVE/NCVE associada com disfunção ventricular poderia constituir uma fonte potencial de embolismo cerebral, especialmente em pacientes com alta suspeita de um mecanismo embólico de derrame sistêmico.
A rare congenital myocardial defect, known as left ventricular hypertrabeculation/non-compaction (LVHT), has been occasionally described associated with thrombus formation with a potential systemic embolic risk, but its association with ischemic strokes remains controversial. We report a case of ischemic stroke in a patient with severe LVHT and ventricular dysfunction as a possible etiologic synergistic association. In absence of other embolic sources, a severe LVTH associated with ventricular dysfunction could constitute a potential source of brain embolism, especially in patients with high suspicion of an embolic mechanism of ischemic stroke.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Embolia Intracraniana/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/complicações , Isquemia Encefálica/etiologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular EsquerdaRESUMO
A 16-year-old boy recently diagnosed with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) developed an acute infarct in the left pontine region. No relevant abnormalities were found in the brain and cervical angiography, echocardiography, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood samples. Funduscopically, lesions were multiple circumscribed, creamy yellow patches, flat lesions at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, and the fluorescence angiography confirmed an APMPPE. All visual and neurological symptoms reverted completely after use of steroid. Our patient is the youngest patient with APMPPE and stroke described so far, being the common age presentation between 20 to 40 years.
Assuntos
Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/complicações , Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Ponte/patologia , Doenças Retinianas/complicações , Doenças Retinianas/patologia , Epitélio Pigmentado da Retina/patologia , Doença Aguda/terapia , Adolescente , Artéria Basilar/fisiopatologia , Infartos do Tronco Encefálico/tratamento farmacológico , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Angiofluoresceinografia , Humanos , Masculino , Oftalmoscópios , Ponte/irrigação sanguínea , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Doenças Retinianas/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/complicações , Insuficiência Vertebrobasilar/patologiaRESUMO
Most studies evaluating the usefulness of intravenous thrombolysis for acute stroke have excluded subjects aged over 80 years. Therefore there is no evidence to support or contraindícate this therapy in this age group. We report a 93 year-old female subjected to intravenous thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA), according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders protocol. The treatment was successful, there were no hemorrhagic complications and three months later, the patient was practically without any disability. Therefore age is not an absolute contraindication for intravenous thrombolysis in elderly subjects.
Assuntos
Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Radiografia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Most studies evaluating the usefulness of intravenous thrombolysis for acute stroke have excluded subjects aged over 80 years. Therefore there is no evidence to support or contraindícate this therapy in this age group. We report a 93 year-old female subjected to intravenous thrombolysis using tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA), according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders protocol. The treatment was successful, there were no hemorrhagic complications and three months later, the patient was practically without any disability. Therefore age is not an absolute contraindication for intravenous thrombolysis in elderly subjects.
Assuntos
Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Trombolítica , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/uso terapêutico , Doença Aguda , Injeções Intravenosas , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In acute stroke patients, mild and moderate hypothermia with a body temperature (T core) target of 32 degrees C to 34 degrees C is being tested and has shown some promising results. The feasibility of MH to control of ICP increases in patients with malignant ischemic stroke has been proven, but controversy as to its effectiveness and safety still continues. The most recent results of clinical trials and possible future applications of MH in acute stroke patients are analyzed in this review. DESIGN, METHODS AND MATERIAL: A search in MEDLINE/PubMed was performed. The references of selected articles were investigated and the Cochrane Library searched. Articles including severe, massive, malignant or hemispheric ischemic stroke, induced hypothermia, and animal studies with focal cerebral or brain ischemic models were considered. RESULTS: 196 patients with ischemic stroke treated with hypothermia have been reported in eleven small clinical studies, with a mild benefit of MH over the mortality rate and final outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate hypothermia ameliorates ischemic injury by multiple mechanisms. Treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients is feasible, and additional studies, including randomized clinical trials, are warranted.
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Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Hipotermia Induzida , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Animais , Humanos , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/complicações , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/cirurgia , Pressão Intracraniana/fisiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/mortalidade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Terapia TrombolíticaAssuntos
Humanos , Rigidez Muscular Espasmódica/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diazepam/uso terapêutico , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Rigidez Muscular Espasmódica/etiologia , Rigidez Muscular Espasmódica/fisiopatologia , Rigidez Muscular Espasmódica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The new anticonvulsivant oxcarbamazepine (OXC) is a keto analogue of carbamazepine. Both share a similar therapeutic profile, that includes mainly the treatment of partial epilepsies but probably neuralgias and affective disorders as well. Most OXC dose dependent adverse effects are similar to carbamazepine's, including ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia; other side effects are probably less common than those induced by carbamazepine, with the exception of hyponatremia, that occurs more often with OXC, although mainly asymptomatic. One of the main advantages of this new drug is its lack of enzyme induction potential, making easier to use it in combination with other drugs when necessary; accordingly, several clinical studies have shown absence of interaction between OXC and other medications
Assuntos
Humanos , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacologia , Carbamazepina/análogos & derivados , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/farmacocinética , Interações Medicamentosas , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos do Humor/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia do Trigêmeo/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Se revisa un material constituido por 41 pacientes portadores de tumores renales sólidos atendidos en el Servicio de Urologia del Hospital San Juan de Dios entre julio de 1974 y junio de 1987. La edad promedio de la casuística fue de 56 años, siendo la década de 51 a 60 años la de mayor incidencia (31,7%). La distribución por sexo revela um muy leve predominio de hombres. La hematuria fue la causa más frecuente de consulta y de sospecha diagnóstica (46,3%), seguida de masa palpable y de dolor. La tríada hematuria, dolor y masa palpable sólo se presentó en el 14,6% de los casos. El carcinoma de células renales fue el tumor más frecuente (86,5%). Casi la mitad de los casos se encontraban en etapa D de Robson (43,8%) lo que demuestra la tardanza del diagnóstico. La intervención más practicada fue la nefrectomía (78,4%) realizada por vía abdominal anterior
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Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Renais/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgiaRESUMO
El Test de Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil de Denver fue diseñado para proveer, de un modo rápido y simple, información acerca del nivel de desarrollo psicomotor en niños preescolares. Se estudia el nivel de desarrollo de 104 preescolares de una población rural del Area Metropolitana por medio de la aplicación del Test de Denver, evaluando las áreas de motricidad gruesa; motricidad fina, lenguaje y personal social. El área de conducta que presentó menor rendimiento fue el lenguaje y el grupo etario con mayor evidencia de retraso el de cinco años. Se revisan alguna causas de déficit en el desarrollo psicomotor y se analizan los hallazgos encontrados en la muestra estudiada
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Testes Psicológicos/métodos , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Destreza Motora , Desenvolvimento da Personalidade , População RuralRESUMO
Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en un material de 1,280 niños accidentados en los meses de agosto y septiembre de 1984 y afiliados al Convenio de Atención Escolar de la Clínica Alemana. El análisis revela que los accidentes son más frecuentes en los varones que en las niñas y que el grupo etario más afectado es el 10 a 14 años. La casa es el lugar más frecuente de ocurrencia de tales accidentes, de los cuales las causas más comúnes son los golpes y las caídas. El deporte y la recreación son las actividades que producen más accidentes. El esguince es la lesión más frecuente. Las extramidades son los anatómicos más comprometidos. El promedio de consultas por accidentes es de 2 y los días de tratamiento de 7,6. El aumento progresivo de los accidentes en el curso de los últimos años hace importante conocer sus características a fin de poder orientar las medidas educativas y preventivas correspondientes