RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Variceal bleeding remains important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleed. Various risk scores are used in risk stratification for non-variceal bleed. Their utility in variceal bleeding patients is not clear. This study aims to compare probability of these scores in predicting various outcomes in same population. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare probability of these scores in predicting various outcomes in same population. To study characteristics and validate AIMS65, Rockall, Glasgow Blatchford score(GBS), Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED) score in variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) patients for predicting various outcomes in our population. METHODS: Three hundred subjects with UGIB were screened prospectively. Of these 141 patients with variceal bleeding were assessed with clinical, blood investigations and endoscopy and risk scores were calculated and compared to non-variceal cases. All cases were followed up for 30 days for mortality, rebleeding, requirement of blood transfusion and need of radiological or surgical intervention. RESULTS: Variceal bleeding (141) was more common than non variceal (134) and 25 had negative endoscopy. In variceal group, cirrhosis (85%) was most common etiology. Distribution of age and sex were similar in both groups. Presence of coffee coloured vomitus (P=0.002), painless bleed (P=0.001), edema (P=0.001), ascites (P=0.001), hemoglobin <7.5 gms (P<0.001), pH<7.35 (P<0.001), serum bicarbonate level <17.6 mmol/L (P<0.001), serum albumin<2.75 gms% (P<0.001), platelet count <1.2 lacs/µL (P<0.001), high INR 1.35 (P<0.001), BUN >25mmol/L (P<0.001), and ASA status (P<0.001), high lactate >2.85 mmol/L (P=0.001) were significant. However, no factor was found significant on multivariate analysis. Rockall was found to be significant in predicting mortality and rebleed. AIMS65 was also significant in predicting mortality. GBS was significant in predicting blood transfusion and need of intervention. PNED score was significant in all events except mortality. CONCLUSION: All four scores had lower predictive potential in predicting events in variceal bleed. However, AIMS65 & Rockall score were significant in predicting mortality, while GBS in predicting need of transfusion and intervention. PNED score was significant in all events except mortality.
Assuntos
Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Adulto , Transfusão de Sangue , Doença Hepática Terminal/etiologia , Doença Hepática Terminal/mortalidade , Endoscopia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/classificação , Hospitalização , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Variceal bleeding remains important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleed. Various risk scores are used in risk stratification for non-variceal bleed. Their utility in variceal bleeding patients is not clear. This study aims to compare probability of these scores in predicting various outcomes in same population. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare probability of these scores in predicting various outcomes in same population. To study characteristics and validate AIMS65, Rockall, Glasgow Blatchford score(GBS), Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED) score in variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (UGIB) patients for predicting various outcomes in our population. METHODS: Three hundred subjects with UGIB were screened prospectively. Of these 141 patients with variceal bleeding were assessed with clinical, blood investigations and endoscopy and risk scores were calculated and compared to non-variceal cases. All cases were followed up for 30 days for mortality, rebleeding, requirement of blood transfusion and need of radiological or surgical intervention. RESULTS: Variceal bleeding (141) was more common than non variceal (134) and 25 had negative endoscopy. In variceal group, cirrhosis (85%) was most common etiology. Distribution of age and sex were similar in both groups. Presence of coffee coloured vomitus (P=0.002), painless bleed (P=0.001), edema (P=0.001), ascites (P=0.001), hemoglobin <7.5 gms (P<0.001), pH<7.35 (P<0.001), serum bicarbonate level <17.6 mmol/L (P<0.001), serum albumin<2.75 gms% (P<0.001), platelet count <1.2 lacs/µL (P<0.001), high INR 1.35 (P<0.001), BUN >25mmol/L (P<0.001), and ASA status (P<0.001), high lactate >2.85 mmol/L (P=0.001) were significant. However, no factor was found significant on multivariate analysis. Rockall was found to be significant in predicting mortality and rebleed. AIMS65 was also significant in predicting mortality. GBS was significant in predicting blood transfusion and need of intervention. PNED score was significant in all events except mortality. CONCLUSION: All four scores had lower predictive potential in predicting events in variceal bleed. However, AIMS65 & Rockall score were significant in predicting mortality, while GBS in predicting need of transfusion and intervention. PNED score was significant in all events except mortality.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: O sangramento varicoso permanece como importante causa de sangramento gastrointestinal superior. Vários escores são utilizados na estratificação do risco para sangramento não varicoso. Sua utilidade em pacientes de sangramento varicoso não é clara. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar a probabilidade desses escores em prever vários desfechos na mesma população. Estudar característica e validar o AIMS65, o Rockall, a Pontuação de Glasgow Blatchford (GBS), o escore Progetto Nazionale Emorragia Digestiva (PNED), na pontuação em hemorragia gastrointestinal varicosa superior (UGIB) em pacientes para prever vários resultados em nossa população. MÉTODOS: Um total de 300 indivíduos com UGIB foram rastreados prospectivamente. Destes, 141 pacientes com sangramento varicoso foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, hematológica e endoscopia tendo seus escores de risco calculados e comparados aos casos não-varicosos. Todos os casos foram acompanhados por 30 dias para mortalidade, necessidade de transfusão sanguínea por ressangramento ou de necessidade de intervenção radiológica ou cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: O sangramento varicoso (141) foi mais comum do que não varicoso (134) e em 25 teve endoscopia negativa. No grupo varicoso, a cirrose foi a etiologia mais comum (85%). A distribuição da idade e do sexo foi semelhante em ambos os grupos. Presença de vômito colorido em borra de café (P=0,002), sangramento indolor (P=0,001), edema (P=0,001), ascite (P=0,001), hemoglobina <7,5 GMS (P<0,001), pH <7,35 (P<0,001), nível de bicarbonato sérico <17,6 mmol/L (P<0,001), albumina sérica <2,75 GMS% (P<0,001), contagem plaquetária <1,2 Lacs/μL (P<0,001), INR elevada 1,35 (P<0,001), Bun >25 mmol/L (P<0,001) e estado ASA (P<0,001), lactato elevado >2,85 mmol/L (P=0,001) foram significativos. Entretanto, nenhum fator foi encontrado como significativo na análise multivariada. Rockall foi significativo em prever a mortalidade e ressangrar. O AIMS65 também foi significante na predição da mortalidade. O GBS foi significativo na predição de transfusão sanguínea e necessidade de intervenção. O escore de PNED foi significante em todos os eventos, exceto mortalidade. CONCLUSÃO: Todos os quatro escores apresentaram menor potencial preditivo na predição de eventos em sangramento varicoso. Entretanto, o AIMS65 e o escore de Rockall foram significantes na predição da mortalidade, enquanto o GBS na predição da necessidade de transfusão e intervenção. O escore de PNED foi significante em todos os eventos, exceto mortalidade.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Transfusão de Sangue , Curva ROC , Medição de Risco , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Endoscopia , Doença Hepática Terminal/etiologia , Doença Hepática Terminal/mortalidade , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/classificação , Hospitalização , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis is an increasing problem in developing world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical presentations, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis in Western India. METHODS: All the cases of abdominal tuberculosis from May 2014 to April 2017, diagnosed on the basis of clinical profile and gross morphological findings at endoscopy, imaging, followed by histology and/or GeneXpert and MGIT culture were included. All patients received antitubercular drug (AKT) therapy according to national protocol. Patients were followed from diagnoses till completion of treatment and various parameters were studied. RESULTS: Out of the 176 patients, 48% were males. Abdominal pain was most common complaint in 83.5%. On colonoscopy terminal ileum and ileocaecal valve were most commonly involved segments. Upper gastrointestinal tract was involved in four patients. Overall ulceronodular lesions were most common followed by ulcerative/nodular lesion. Strictures in bowel were seen in 28 (15.9%) patients with ileocaecal valve being most commonly involved, of which 23 had symptomatic relief with AKT and only three required dilatation. Histopathology showed granuloma in 80.8% cases. MGIT was positive in 43 (35.80%) cases and GeneXpert was positive in 35 (26.1%) cases. Eight patients had multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Only two patients required surgical management. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis with wide spectrum of presentation, can still be managed with early diagnosis and treatment even in patients with sub acute intestinal obstruction. Weight gain or resolving symptoms were considered early markers of treatment response. Patients with stricture can become asymptomatic with medical treatment alone.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Resistência a Medicamentos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis is an increasing problem in developing world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the clinical presentations, drug resistance pattern and treatment outcomes of abdominal tuberculosis in Western India. METHODS: All the cases of abdominal tuberculosis from May 2014 to April 2017, diagnosed on the basis of clinical profile and gross morphological findings at endoscopy, imaging, followed by histology and/or GeneXpert and MGIT culture were included. All patients received antitubercular drug (AKT) therapy according to national protocol. Patients were followed from diagnoses till completion of treatment and various parameters were studied. RESULTS: Out of the 176 patients, 48% were males. Abdominal pain was most common complaint in 83.5%. On colonoscopy terminal ileum and ileocaecal valve were most commonly involved segments. Upper gastrointestinal tract was involved in four patients. Overall ulceronodular lesions were most common followed by ulcerative/nodular lesion. Strictures in bowel were seen in 28 (15.9%) patients with ileocaecal valve being most commonly involved, of which 23 had symptomatic relief with AKT and only three required dilatation. Histopathology showed granuloma in 80.8% cases. MGIT was positive in 43 (35.80%) cases and GeneXpert was positive in 35 (26.1%) cases. Eight patients had multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Only two patients required surgical management. CONCLUSION: Abdominal tuberculosis with wide spectrum of presentation, can still be managed with early diagnosis and treatment even in patients with sub acute intestinal obstruction. Weight gain or resolving symptoms were considered early markers of treatment response. Patients with stricture can become asymptomatic with medical treatment alone.
RESUMO CONTEXTO: A tuberculose abdominal é um problema crescente no mundo em desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as apresentações clínicas, o padrão de resistência a fármacos e os desfechos de tratamento da tuberculose abdominal na Índia ocidental. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos todos os casos de tuberculose abdominal de maio de 2014 a abril de 2017, diagnosticados com base no perfil clínico e nos resultados morfológicos brutos na endoscopia, imagem latente, seguido pela histologia e/ou pela cultura de GeneXpert e de MGIT. Todos os pacientes receberam a terapia antitubercular da droga (AKT) de acordo com o protocolo nacional. Os pacientes foram acompanhados de diagnósticos até a conclusão do tratamento e vários parâmetros foram estudados. RESULTADOS: Dos 176 pacientes, 48% eram do sexo masculino. A dor abdominal foi a queixa mais comum em 83,5%. Na colonoscopia, o íleo terminal e a válvula íleo-cecal foram os segmentos mais comumente envolvidos. O trato gastrointestinal superior foi envolvido em quatro pacientes. As lesões ulceronodulares totais foram as mais comuns seguidas pela lesão ulcerosa/nodular. As estenoses foram observadas em 28 (15,9%) pacientes priciplamente com a válvula íleo-cecal envolvida, dos quais 23 tiveram alívio sintomático com AKT e somente três necessitaram de dilatação. A histopatologia mostrou o granuloma em 80,8% casos. O MGIT foi positivo em 43 (35,80%) e GeneXpert foi positivo em 35 (26,1%) casos. Oito pacientes tiveram tuberculose resistente a múltiplas drogas. Apenas dois pacientes necessitaram de manejo cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: A tuberculose abdominal com amplo espectro de apresentação, ainda pode ser manuseada com diagnóstico precoce e tratamento mesmo em pacientes com obstrução intestinal sub-aguda. Ganho de peso ou sintomas resolvidos foram considerados marcadores precoces de resposta ao tratamento. Pacientes com estenose podem se tornar assintomáticos com tratamento médico isoladamente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Resultado do Tratamento , Índia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Background and rationale. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of pediatric liver disease in western countries. Its prevalence in Indian subcontinent is not well studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a school based cross sectional study we have screened overweight and obese children in the age group of 11 to 15 years for NAFLD. Ultrasonography, elevated serum transaminases, fibroscan were used for defining NAFLD. Dietary habits, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, blood counts and insulin resistance were recorded. The relation of fibrosis 4 score, pediatric NAFLD fibrosis index, aspartate transaminases to platelet ratio index (APRI) with fibroscan was evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 616 students screened 198 were overweight and obese. Hundred students and their parents gave informed consent for the further evaluation. The prevalence of NAFLD was 62% in overweight and obese children. Fatty liver was found in 50 % students on ultrasonography, liver stiffness (≥ 6.1 Kilopascals) in 23% and raised alanine transaminase in 30%. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance were seen in 6%, 18%, 2% and 66% students respectively. Systolic hypertension, serum triglyceride, aspartate transaminase, APRI was significantly higher in the NAFLD group. On binary logistic regression only systolic hypertension was an independent risk factor for NAFLD. CONCLUSION: In conclusion NAFLD is common in asymptomatic overweight and obese Indian children. Systolic hypertension is the only independent factor associated with NAFLD. Fibroscan has limited role for screening. We recommend screening for NAFLD in this high risk group with alanine transaminases and ultrasonography.