RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A large collection of sequenced mycobacteriophages capable of infecting a single host strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis shows considerable genomic diversity with dozens of distinctive types (clusters) and extensive variation within those sharing evident nucleotide sequence similarity. Here we profiled the mycobacterial components of a large composting system at the São Paulo zoo. RESULTS: We isolated and sequenced eight mycobacteriophages using Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 as a host. None of these eight phages infected any of mycobacterial strains isolated from the same materials. The phage isolates span considerable genomic diversity, including two phages (Barriga, Nhonho) related to Subcluster A1 phages, two Cluster B phages (Pops, Subcluster B1; Godines, Subcluster B2), three Subcluster F1 phages (Florinda, Girafales, and Quico), and Madruga, a relative of phage Patience with which it constitutes the new Cluster U. Interestingly, the two Subcluster A1 phages and the three Subcluster F1 phages have genomic relationships indicating relatively recent evolution within a geographically isolated niche in the composting system. CONCLUSIONS: We predict that composting systems such as those used to obtain these mycobacteriophages will be a rich source for the isolation of additional phages that will expand our view of bacteriophage diversity and evolution.
Assuntos
Micobacteriófagos/genética , Micobacteriófagos/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/virologia , Microbiologia do Solo , Solo , Bacteriófagos/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Viral/genética , Evolução Molecular , Genes Bacterianos , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Família Multigênica , Micobacteriófagos/classificação , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium smegmatis/classificação , Mycobacterium smegmatis/genética , Mycobacterium smegmatis/isolamento & purificação , Mycobacterium smegmatis/virologia , FilogeniaRESUMO
Lactobacillus phages J-1 and PL-1 were isolated during the 1960s from abnormal fermentations of Yakult. The genomes are almost identical, but PL-1 has a deletion in the genetic switch region and also differs in a gene coding for a putative tail protein.