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The aim of the present study was to analyze seminal quality of young bulls subjected to different frequencies of gossypol supplementation. Forty-eight Nellore bulls, with 19 months of age and weighing 357.8 ±â€¯7.2 kg, were used in this study. Animals were fed with 10.5 kg of standard supplement containing free-gossypol from whole cottonseed (WCS) at the following frequency: 3x/week (G3x), 5x/week (G5x) or 7x/week (G7x - Control). Additionally, a negative control was provided, and the treated animals received only mineral supplement (MM) ad libtum. The experiment lasted for 84 days and semen was collected at the beginning and at the end for analysis and cryopreservation. Fresh semen was used for initial analysis and plasma membrane integrity and sperm morphology were also determined. General motility using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), plasma and acrosomal membranes integrity, mitochondrial activity, and induced oxidative stress were assessed in post-thawed semen. The study design was completely randomized. Parametric data were analyzed by ANOVA and non-parametric data by the Wilcoxon test, using the statistical program SAS. Level of significance was set at 5%. Supplementation with WCS, regardless the frequency, increased total (P = .009) and head (P = .005) defects in comparison to animals receiving only forage and mineral supplement. Infrequent supplementation, particularly 5 times in the week (G5X), increased head (P = .026) and midpiece (P = .014) abnormalities. Sperm motility in fresh semen was lower in animals that received daily supplementation than those supplemented on alternate days (P = .021). Additionally, animals supplemented daily showed lower percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosome compared to those supplemented on alternate days (P = .005). Thus, regardless the frequency of supplementation, free-gossypol supplementation affects sperm quality. Although the amount of free gossypol supplied weekly was the same among treatments, daily supplementation compromised sperm kinetics, differently from infrequent supplementation that led to sperm defects developed during spermatogenesis.

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O presente estudo avaliou a adição da pentoxifilina, tocoferol, ascorbato e suas combinações sobre a proteção da célula espermática bovina contra os efeitos deletérios da criopreservação. Foram utilizados 24 touros Nelores (Bos taurus indicus), criados em sistema semi-intensivo. Foi coletado um ejaculado de cada reprodutor, diluídos em TRIS-citratogema-glicerol e divididos em seis partes. Cada parte foi suplementada da seguinte maneira: sem aditivos (controle), tocoferol (10 mmol/mL), tocoferol (10 mmol/mL) + pentoxifilina (1mg/mL), ascorbato (0,45mg/mL), ascorbato (0,45mg/mL) + pentoxifilina (1mg/mL) ou pentoxifilina (1mg/mL). Após o descongelamento, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto à motilidade e características do movimento, integridade da membrana plasmática e de acrossomo e atividade mitocondrial. Os níveis de peroxidação lipídica espontânea e induzida foram avaliados pela produção de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). A suplementação com pentoxifilina, tocoferol, ascorbato e suas combinações, não alterou (P>0,05) a atividade mitocondrial, integridade acrossomal, e a concentração de TBARS espontâneo e induzido. A adição de tocoferol + pentoxifilina reduziu a motilidade progressiva quando comparado ao ascorbato e também a integridade da membrana espermática quando comparado ao controle e ao ascorbato (P˂0,05). Já a adição de ascorbato + pentoxifilina foi deletéria sobre linearidade em comparação ao tratamento ascorbato (P˂0,05). A adição de ascorbato, tocoferol e pentoxifilina individualmente ou em combinação, não foi eficiente em diminuir os danos causados pela criopreservação e estresse oxidativo em amostras pós descongelamento de sêmen bovino.

The present study evaluated the addition of pentoxifylline, tocopherol and ascorbate and their combinations on the protection of bovine spermatic cells against the deleterious effects of cryopreservation. A total of 24 Nelore bulls (Bos Taurus indicus) were included in this study, raised in a semi-intensive system. One ejaculation was collected from each bull and diluted in tris-citrate-yolk-glycerol, divided into six portions, and then supplemented with: no additives (control); tocopherol (10 mmol/ml), tocopherol (10 mmol/ml) + pentxoifylline (1 mg/ml), ascorbate (0.45 mg/ml), ascorbate (0.45 mg/ml) + pentoxifylline (1 mg/ml) and pentxoifylline (1 mg/ml). After thawing, the samples were evaluated for motility and characteristics of movement, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity. Spontaneous and induced lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated by the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Supplementation with pentoxifylline, tocopherol and ascorbate and their combinations, did not alter mitochondrial activity, acrosomal integrity, or the spontaneous and induced TBARS concentration (P>0.05). The ascorbate, tocopherol and pentoxifylline additions, both individually and in combinations, were inefficient in decreasing the damage caused by cryopreservation and oxidative stress in post-thawed bovine semen samples.

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RESUMO

O presente estudo avaliou a adição da pentoxifilina, tocoferol, ascorbato e suas combinações sobre a proteção da célula espermática bovina contra os efeitos deletérios da criopreservação. Foram utilizados 24 touros Nelores (Bos taurus indicus), criados em sistema semi-intensivo. Foi coletado um ejaculado de cada reprodutor, diluídos em TRIS-citratogema-glicerol e divididos em seis partes. Cada parte foi suplementada da seguinte maneira: sem aditivos (controle), tocoferol (10 mmol/mL), tocoferol (10 mmol/mL) + pentoxifilina (1mg/mL), ascorbato (0,45mg/mL), ascorbato (0,45mg/mL) + pentoxifilina (1mg/mL) ou pentoxifilina (1mg/mL). Após o descongelamento, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto à motilidade e características do movimento, integridade da membrana plasmática e de acrossomo e atividade mitocondrial. Os níveis de peroxidação lipídica espontânea e induzida foram avaliados pela produção de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). A suplementação com pentoxifilina, tocoferol, ascorbato e suas combinações, não alterou (P>0,05) a atividade mitocondrial, integridade acrossomal, e a concentração de TBARS espontâneo e induzido. A adição de tocoferol + pentoxifilina reduziu a motilidade progressiva quando comparado ao ascorbato e também a integridade da membrana espermática quando comparado ao controle e ao ascorbato (P˂0,05). Já a adição de ascorbato + pentoxifilina foi deletéria sobre linearidade em comparação ao tratamento ascorbato (P˂0,05). A adição de ascorbato, tocoferol e pentoxifilina individualmente ou em combinação, não foi eficiente em diminuir os danos causados pela criopreservação e estresse oxidativo em amostras pós descongelamento de sêmen bovino.(AU)

The present study evaluated the addition of pentoxifylline, tocopherol and ascorbate and their combinations on the protection of bovine spermatic cells against the deleterious effects of cryopreservation. A total of 24 Nelore bulls (Bos Taurus indicus) were included in this study, raised in a semi-intensive system. One ejaculation was collected from each bull and diluted in tris-citrate-yolk-glycerol, divided into six portions, and then supplemented with: no additives (control); tocopherol (10 mmol/ml), tocopherol (10 mmol/ml) + pentxoifylline (1 mg/ml), ascorbate (0.45 mg/ml), ascorbate (0.45 mg/ml) + pentoxifylline (1 mg/ml) and pentxoifylline (1 mg/ml). After thawing, the samples were evaluated for motility and characteristics of movement, acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity. Spontaneous and induced lipid peroxidation levels were evaluated by the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Supplementation with pentoxifylline, tocopherol and ascorbate and their combinations, did not alter mitochondrial activity, acrosomal integrity, or the spontaneous and induced TBARS concentration (P>0.05). The ascorbate, tocopherol and pentoxifylline additions, both individually and in combinations, were inefficient in decreasing the damage caused by cryopreservation and oxidative stress in post-thawed bovine semen samples.(AU)

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Radionuclides are used in nuclear medicine by variety of diagnostic procedures. The labeling of red blood cells (RBC) with (99m)Tc is a current method applied in clinical nuclear medicine. Drugs can alter this labeling and modify the disposition of the radiopharmaceuticals. The influence of Rochagan on the labeling of blood constituents with (99m)Tc was reported. Samples of blood were incubated with different concentrations of Rochagan (0%; 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; 50%; 100%). Stannous chloride and (99m)Tc (3.7MBq/mL) were added. Plasma (P) and (RBC) were isolated and precipitated with thricloroacetic acid 5%. The insoluble (IF) and soluble fractions (SF) were separated. The %ATI in RBC, IF-P and IF-RBC were calculated. The %ATI on RBC decreased significantly (p<0.05) from control to all concentrations of Rochagan, respectively: 90.15 + or - 0.14(control) to 70.80 + or - 4.21; to 64.36 + or - 0.33; to 57.30 + or - 1.56; to 50.28 + or - 2.71; to 42.41 + or - 2.24; on IF-RBC, respectively: 84.70 + or - 0.87(control) to 67.16 + or - 4.38; to 63.63 + or - 2.92; to 59.02 + or - 3.17; to 43.75 + or - 1.00; to 24.15 + or - 0.94 and also on IF-P, respectively: 83.46 + or - 1.09(control) to 50.90 + or - 3.36; to 35.46 + or - 4.13; to 35.78 + or - 2.31; to 28.74 + or - 3.09; to 19.66 + or - 1.34. The analyses were performed by T-Student and Mann Whitney tests, p<0.05. This effect was probably due to products present in Rochagan that may complex with ions or have a direct/indirect effect on intracellular stannous ion concentration.

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This report describes a case of bovine enterotoxaemia in Morro da Garça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Clostridium perfringens type D was isolated in pure culture and was characterized by biochemical reactions and PCR. By the mouse neutralization test, the presence of epsilon toxin from intestinal content was detected.(AU)

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This report describes a case of bovine enterotoxaemia in Morro da Garça, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Clostridium perfringens type D was isolated in pure culture and was characterized by biochemical reactions and PCR. By the mouse neutralization test, the presence of epsilon toxin from intestinal content was detected.

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Foram avaliados comparativamente os métodos de coleta total de fezes (CT)e de indicadores, óxido crômico (Cr2O3), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e cinzas insolúveis em ácido (CIA), para determinaçäo dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrativos näo nitrogenados e energia bruta de um alimento comercial para cäes. Cinco cäes adultos, machos, sem raça definida e com média de peso de 13,84Kg receberam diariamente 2g de Cr2O3, divididos em duas porçöes 1g, administradas por meio de cápsulas de gelatina por um período de 14 dias. Os sete primeiros dias foram de adaptaçäo e os sete dias subseqüentes de coleta de fezes. Os métodos de CT, de Cr2O3 e de CIA näo apresentaram diferenças entre si (P>0,001) e podem ser utilizados para determinaçäo dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente na espécie canina. O indicador FDA apresentou menor índice de recuperaçäo do que os indicadores CIA e Cr2O3 e seus resultados näo apresentaram equivalência com os obtidos por outros métodos testados. As médias (+/- desvio padräo) dos índices de recuperaçäo foram 55,1 por cento (+/- 3,7), 93,9 por cento (+/-17,7) e 93,7 por cento (+/- 13,3) para FDA, CIA e Cr2O3, respectivamente

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This paper investigates the association between air pollution and lung neoplasia in an animal model. The experimental exposures were done in two locations with different air pollution profiles: a polluted area (downtown São Paulo) and a "clean" environment (Atibaia). Swiss mice were employed and urethane (3 g/kg) was used as carcinogenic substance. Two experiments were performed: Experiment I was designed to verify whether air pollution acts as initiator and/or promoter of lung cancer, using 300 mice; Experiment II employed 250 animals and aimed to verify if the effects of air pollution on the development of lung tumors was dose dependent. A significant effect of air pollution in augmenting lung carcinogenecity induced by urethane was observed. This effect was shown to be dose-dependent and reproducible on two different occasions. In addition, morphometric studies revealed that pollution may influence tumor phenotype. These results support the hypothesis that air pollution plays a significant role in the development of lung tumors.

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The fuchsin salts currently available in Latin American market have shown some instability when in solution, according to the classic Ziehl-Neelsen method, resulting in a total precipitation of the salt. The authors indicate a new technique for the preparation of this solution, in order to minimize the action of interfering factors responsible for the precipitation, obtaining thus a greater solubility of the salt, as well as the solution stability. The method effectiveness is reinforced by the utilization of a smaller amount of the salt and the attainment of a larger storage period for the solution.

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Sao analisados 28 casos operados por colecistopatias alitiasicas: polipo de colesterol (seis casos) adenomiomatose (cinco casos), colecistite cronica (sete casos), vesicula de porcelana (dois casos), colesterolose generalizada (dois casos), vesicula septada (quatro casos), papiloma (um caso) e adenite inespecifica (um caso) E discutida a indicacao da cirurgia, enfatizando-se a importancia da colica biliar e o valor da radiografia tardia (12 horas apos o colecistograma) nesta indicacao.Conseguiu-se seguimento pos-operatorio em 24 pacientes (85%): o tempo variou de um a 13 anos (media de cinco anos e meio).Vinte e um (87,5%) ficaram curados com a colecistectomia

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Procedeu-se a uma reuniao bibliografica extensiva sobre a talidomida, em seus aspectos farmacologicos, metabolicos, teratogenicidade e especialmente quanto as suas aplicacoes terapeuticas em Dermatologia, destacando-se o uso na reacao hansenica

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