RESUMO
In a previous study, we reported that the short-term treatment with celecoxib, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) attenuates the activation of brain structures related to nociception and does not interfere with orthodontic incisor separation in rats. The conclusion was that celecoxib could possibly be prescribed for pain in orthodontic patients. However, we did not analyze the effects of this drug in periodontium. The aim of this follow-up study was to analyze effects of celecoxib treatment on recruitment and activation of osteoclasts and alveolar bone resorption after inserting an activated orthodontic appliance between the incisors in our rat model. Twenty rats (400-420 g) were pretreated through oral gavage with celecoxib (50 mg/kg) or vehicle (carboxymethylcellulose 0.4%). After 30 min, they received an activated (30 g) orthodontic appliance, set not to cause any palate disjunction. In sham animals, the appliance was immediately removed after introduction. All animals received ground food and, every 12 h, celecoxib or vehicle. After 48 h, they were anesthetized and transcardiacally perfused through the aorta with 4% formaldehyde. Subsequently, maxillae were removed, post-fixed and processed for histomorphometry or immunohistochemical analyses. As expected, incisor distalization induced an inflammatory response with certain histological changes, including an increase in the number of active osteoclasts at the compression side in group treated with vehicle (appliance: 32.2 ± 2.49 vs sham: 4.8 ± 1.79, P<0.05) and celecoxib (appliance: 31.0 ± 1.45 vs sham: 4.6 ± 1.82, P<0.05). The treatment with celecoxib did not modify substantially the histological alterations and the number of active osteoclasts after activation of orthodontic appliance. Moreover, we did not see any difference between the groups with respect to percentage of bone resorption area. Taken together with our previous results we conclude that short-term treatment with celecoxib can indeed be a therapeutic alternative for pain relieve during orthodontic procedures.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/farmacologia , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária , Animais , Reabsorção Óssea , Celecoxib , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/uso terapêutico , Seguimentos , Modelos Animais , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Osteoclastos/citologia , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIM: The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve is the largest of the three major divisions of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve). In this way, many health professionals belonged to different fields are commonly evaluating patients suffering with orofacial pain and stomatognatic dysfunction associated to this structure. But, in the most cases, it is difficult to establish a correct diagnosis due to the anatomical complexity of the head and neck surfaces, especially when the focus is the trigeminal nerve. Thus, the objective of this research was to present the anatomical variations of the mandibular nerve and its branches correlated to more common clinical situations. METHODS: For this purpose, 20 human heads were anatomically dissected, so to study their structures, an external, medial and endocranial view. RESULTS: No significant variations related to ophthalmic and maxillary nerves were observed. Anatomical variations were observed in 20% of the total human heads dissected, all related to mandibular nerve and its branches: masseter, temporal, auriculotemporal and lingual. Variations in three to seven, on the number of the following nerves ramus, masseter and temporal were described. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present data using the described methodology, it was possible to conclude that anatomical variations are present in many subjects and they can explain many clinical situations that involve the stomatognathic structures.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Nervo Mandibular/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Nervo da Corda do Tímpano/anatomia & histologia , Dor Facial/etiologia , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Nervo Lingual/anatomia & histologia , Traumatismos do Nervo Lingual , Masculino , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismos do Nervo TrigêmeoRESUMO
This study verified the effect of unilateral teeth extraction on the periodontal ligament in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Ten adult male gerbils weighing about 50 g had induced occlusal alterations by upper left molar extractions while the other ten animals, only submitted to surgical stress, were considered as controls. The periodontal ligament was characterized by qualitative and quantitative analysis, histological description and histomorphometric quantification. Significant alterations were observed on the left side of the experimental group (P < 0.05), the hypofunctional region, when it was compared with the contralateral side and the corresponding region of the control group. Two months after occlusal alterations induced by unilateral teeth extraction, atrophic histological alterations and a decrease in the periodontal space on the ipsilateral side characterized the periodontal ligament. In this study it was possible to conclude that the gerbil can be used in experimental models attempting to correlate the periodontium's biological response to various mechanical stresses, as the periodontal ligament was shown to be highly sensitive to occlusal alterations.
Assuntos
Análise do Estresse Dentário/veterinária , Gerbillinae , Ligamento Periodontal/patologia , Extração Dentária/veterinária , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Extração Dentária/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, especially BMP-2, induce bone formation in vivo, and clinical application in repair of bone fractures and defects is expected. However, appropriate systems to delivery BMPs for practical use need to be developed with the objective to heal cartilage and bone-related diseases in medical, dental and veterinary practice. Thus, the aim of this article was to present an overview of the principals carriers used to delivery BMPs and alternative delivery systems for these proteins.
Assuntos
Proteínas Morfogenéticas Ósseas/administração & dosagem , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Preparações de Ação Retardada , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Portadores de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta/administração & dosagem , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
RATIONALE: Conflicting results have been reported regarding the role of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in the hippocampus on anxiety modulation. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of intrahippocampal injections of drugs that modify the NO-cGMP pathway in rats submitted to two animal models that are sensitive to anxiolytic drugs, the elevated plus-maze and the Vogel punished licking test. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats with cannulae aimed at the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus received microinjections of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors N (G)-nitro-L: -arginine methyl ester (LNAME, 15-300 nmol/0.2 microl), N (G)-nitro-L: -arginine (LNOARG, 50-300 nmol/0.2 microl), 7-nitroindazole (7NI, 10-100 nmol/0.2 microl), or the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-oxadiazolo-quinoxalin-1 one (ODQ, 10-100 nmol/0.2 microl), and were submitted to the elevated plus-maze. In a second group, the animals received 7NI, LNAME, or ODQ and were submitted to the Vogel punished licking test. To control for drug-induced changes in locomotor behavior, the animals were submitted to an open arena or to the Rota-rod test. RESULTS: All drugs increased the exploration of the open arms of the elevated plus-maze. They also increased the number of punished licks in the Vogel test, indicating an anxiolytic effect. The anxiolytic effect of LNAME was prevented by previous treatment with L: -arginine (300 nmol/0.2 microl). Except for the lower dose of LNAME (15 nmol), administration of the NOS inhibitors or ODQ did not change exploratory activity in the open field nor cause any gross locomotor impairment in the Rota-rod test. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that NO plays an anxiogenic role in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , GMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Óxido Nítrico/antagonistas & inibidores , Análise de Variância , Animais , Ansiedade/psicologia , GMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Giro Denteado , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Guanilato Ciclase/antagonistas & inibidores , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Indazóis/farmacologia , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Microinjeções , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacologia , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase/antagonistas & inibidores , Nitroarginina/farmacologia , Oxidiazóis/farmacologia , Punição , Quinoxalinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores Citoplasmáticos e Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Guanilil Ciclase SolúvelRESUMO
The three-dimensional architecture of the vascular network of the nasal septum of the gerbil rat was studied using the corrosive resin cast technique. The angioarchitecture of the nasal septum observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a vascular network is disposed in the lamina propria. The capillaries, arterioles, venules and arteries were closely observed in different areas of the nasal septum mucosa.
Assuntos
Capilares/ultraestrutura , Gerbillinae/anatomia & histologia , Microcirculação/ultraestrutura , Mucosa Nasal/irrigação sanguínea , Septo Nasal/irrigação sanguínea , Animais , Artérias/ultraestrutura , Arteríolas/ultraestrutura , Molde por Corrosão , Feminino , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Vênulas/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The authors examined the filiform and fungiform papillae surfaces of rat tongue by scanning electron microscopy showing the numerous groupings of bacteria on the epithelial cell membranes. The fungiform papillae were round in shape and present few bacteria. The epithelial cell of filiform papillae revealed numerous streptococci. The grouping of the bacteria are attached on the epithelial cell membrane, demonstrating three-dimensional SEM images.
Assuntos
Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Papilas Gustativas/microbiologia , Língua/citologia , Animais , Células Epiteliais/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Streptococcus/ultraestrutura , Papilas Gustativas/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Estudaram-se as características morfológicas das terminaçöes nervosas sensitivas da mucosa lingual de Calomys callosus, empregando-se a técnica de impregnaçäo pela prata. Para a obtençäo das peças, cada animal foi anestesiado com injeçäo intraperitonial de tionembutal sódico. As peças foram fixadas em soluçäo de formalina a 10 por cento por um período de 20 dias à temperatura ambiente e cortes espessos de 40-60 micrometros foram obtidos em criostato Linde. As preparaçöes foram coradas pela técnica de impregnaçäo pela prata. De acordo com os nossos resultados podemos concluir que: 1) todas as regiöes (anterior, média e posterior) da mucosa dorsal da língua de Calomys callosus possuem terminaçöes nervosas sensitivas; 2) as terminaçöes nervosas podem ser simples ou complexas localizando-se no tecido conjuntivo da lâmina própria ou no interior das papilas conjuntivas das papilas filiformes, fungiformes e valadas, 3) as terminaçöes nervosas livres no interior das papilas fungiformes dispöem-se longitudinalmente ou formando uma rede complexa de fibras nervosas terminais
Assuntos
Animais , Coloração pela Prata/métodos , Língua/fisiologia , Mucosa/fisiologia , Células Receptoras Sensoriais/fisiologiaRESUMO
In the present research, fibres and nerve endings of upper lip of the Cebus apella monkey have been studied. Upper lip of 8 Cebus apella were analysed. The pieces were prepared according to the technic of Castro's silver impregnation and submitted to serial sections 8 micra thick. Our results permit to conclude that the Cebus apella monkey's upper lip has a great number of free nerve endings, between connective and epithelial layers in the mucosa and in the skin. The aspects of nerve fibres and their free and organized endings, like Meissner's corpuscles, in the upper lip mucosa of the monkey, allow comparison of similarity with those of man. The nerve endings in the lip skin of the Cebus monkey are also abundant, characterizing the hair follicles and sebaceous glands innervation and the free nerve endings encountered in the connective tissue as well as in the sub-epithelial layer.
Assuntos
Haplorrinos/anatomia & histologia , Lábio/inervação , Animais , Cabelo/anatomia & histologia , Mucosa/inervação , Terminações Nervosas/anatomia & histologia , Fibras Nervosas/anatomia & histologia , Glândulas Sebáceas/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
This study was carried out to verify the morphology of the spina mentalis. We observed 275 human adult mandibles of both sexes and ethnic groups. An analysis of the results allows the following conclusions: 1. The spina mentalis exists in 90.04% +/- 1.8 of the mandibles of Whites and Negroes; 2. The typical form with four tubercles, as described by some authors, is rarely found; 3. In most cases it characterized by the presence of two upper tubercles (27.27% +/- 7.2); two superior tubercles and one inferior (24.72% +/- 6.7), and one elongated median tubercle (24.0% +/- 6.6); 4. The forms and volumes of the tubercles are very irregular and seem not to depend on age, sex or ethnic group; 5. The spina was absent in 9.8% +/- 3.2 of the cases, especially in mandibles of White teethless individuals; 6. An hypertrophic spina mentalis, generally formed at the expenses of the upper tubercle, is observed in only 1.45% +/- 0.5 of the cases.