RESUMO
C. sintoc is a plant that has a high essential oil content. Essential oils have many health benefits. Mount Ciremai National Park is an area that has abundant vegetation, especially C. sintoc. The purpose of this study was to predict the volume of oil contained in the leaves of C. sintoc based on its growing location in Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC), West Java. Sampling was carried out in two stages, namely field samples and laboratory samples. Field samples with a single plot measuring 20 x 20 meters. Extraction of laboratory samples by steam distillation method. Data analysis using ANFIS method to predict the volume of essential oil. The results showed that the volume of essential oil in the leaves was largest on the western slope (1,96 ml), northern slope (2,01 ml), eastern slope (1,55 ml) and southern slope (1,37 ml) while the essential oil yield of extract oil in the leaves is found on the western slope (0,08%), northern slope (0,07 %), eastern slope (0,06 %) and southern slope (0,04), On the western slope (1,82 ml), northern slope (1,73 ml). The ANFIS analysis results showed a prediction accuracy of 90,99% with the highest tree productivity when C. sintoc BL grows at an altitude of 650-700 meters above sea level, tree diameter of 42 cm, height of 12 m, growing on sand-textured land and at a humidity of 75 and at a growing temperature range of 25-270C. The value of essential oil production volume is influenced by each variable such as tree diameter, tree height, soil texture, altitude, temperature and humidity.
Assuntos
Redes Neurais de Computação , Óleos Voláteis , Folhas de Planta , Folhas de Planta/química , Óleos Voláteis/análise , Óleos Voláteis/química , Brasil , Parques RecreativosRESUMO
Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a horticultural crop also known as underutilized crop. All parts of the butterfly pea can be used into various products including flowers that can be used as natural dyes and traditional medicines. Besides that, the plant parts can be used as fodder and cover crop. The development of butterfly pea in Indonesia is still very low both in cultivation and utilization. Therefore, a breeding program is required to increase usefulness of butterfly pea can be done for the development. To assemble superior varieties of butterfly pea, it is necessary to determine the genetic diversity of both in agronomy and morphology. Genetic diversity and relationships are needed to evaluate plant germplasm. Raw data analysis was conducted after standardization using Principal Componet Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) to determine phenotypic diversity and relationship among the newly collected genetic resources. The data in this article showed broad phenotypic diversity with weight of fresh flower per plant, seed color, weight of total seed, pod width, calix length, flower color, petal number, number of total pods, plant height, number of seed per pod, weight total fresh flower, seed width, weight of fresh flower per plant, and seed length as distinguishing traits among the accessions. PCA based on agromorphogical traits showed eigenvalue ranged from 1.13 to 9.47 with a cumulative contribution of 93.02%. HCA showed butterfly pea accessions divided into two cluster with euclidean distance 0.27-4.65.
RESUMO
An in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was established and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from Kelantan, Malaysia. Three sets of primers consisting of two outer and 4 inner were designed based on locus STBHUCCB_38510 of chaperone PapD of S. Typhi genes. The reaction was optimised using genomic DNA of S. Typhi ATCC7251 as the template. The products were visualised directly by colour changes of the reaction. Positive results were indicated by green fluorescence and negative by orange colour. The test was further evaluated for specificity, sensitivity and application on field samples. The results were compared with those obtained by gold standard culture method and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method was highly specific and -10 times more sensitive in detecting S. Typhi compared to the optimised conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Salmonella typhi/isolamento & purificação , Febre Tifoide/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA/genética , Malásia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Salmonella typhi/genética , Fatores de Tempo , Febre Tifoide/microbiologiaRESUMO
An in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was established and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from Kelantan, Malaysia. Three sets of primers consisting of two outer and 4 inner were designed based on locus STBHUCCB_38510 of chaperone PapD of S. Typhi genes. The reaction was optimised using genomic DNA of S. Typhi ATCC7251 as the template. The products were visualised directly by colour changes of the reaction. Positive results were indicated by green fluorescence and negative by orange colour. The test was further evaluated for specificity, sensitivity and application on field samples. The results were compared with those obtained by gold standard culture method and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method was highly specific and -10 times more sensitive in detecting S. Typhi compared to the optimised conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Salmonella typhi/isolamento & purificação , Febre Tifoide/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA/genética , Malásia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Salmonella typhi/genética , Fatores de Tempo , Febre Tifoide/microbiologiaRESUMO
CONTEXT: Non-front-fanged colubroid snakes (NFFC; formerly and artificially taxonomically assembled as "colubrids") comprise the majority of extant ophidian species. Although the medical risks of bites by a handful of species have been documented, the majority of these snakes have oral products (Duvernoy's secretions, or venoms) with unknown biomedical properties/unverified functions and their potential for causing harm in humans is unknown. CASE DETAILS: Described are three cases of local envenoming from NFFC bites inflicted respectively by the mangrove or ringed cat-eyed snake (Boiga dendrophila, Colubridae), the Western beaked snake (Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus, Lamprophiidae) and the rain forest cat-eyed snake (Leptodeira frenata, Dipsadidae). The effects ranged from mild pain, edema and erythema to severe pain, progressive edema, and blistering with slowly resolving arthralgia; there were no systemic effects. DISCUSSION: Although these three taxa occasionally inflict bites with mild to moderate local effects, there is no current evidence of systemic involvement. Two of these cases were reported to one of the authors for medical evaluation, and although verified, thus constitute reliably reported cases, but low-quality evidence. Type-1 local hypersensitivity may contribute to some cases, but most local effects observed or reported in these three cases were consistent with the effects of venom/oral product components.
Assuntos
Mordeduras de Serpentes/fisiopatologia , Serpentes , Adolescente , Adulto , Criação de Animais Domésticos , Animais , Colubridae , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Feminino , Guatemala , Humanos , Malásia , Masculino , Doenças Profissionais/fisiopatologia , Doenças Profissionais/terapia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Mordeduras de Serpentes/terapia , Serpentes/classificação , Austrália do Sul , Resultado do Tratamento , Recursos Humanos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
An in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was established and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in detecting the presence of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from Kelantan, Malaysia. Three sets of primers consisting of two outer and 4 inner were designed based on locus STBHUCCB_38510 of chaperone PapD of S. Typhi genes. The reaction was optimised using genomic DNA of S. Typhi ATCC7251 as the template. The products were visualised directly by colour changes of the reaction. Positive results were indicated by green fluorescence and negative by orange colour. The test was further evaluated for specificity, sensitivity and application on field samples. The results were compared with those obtained by gold standard culture method and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method was highly specific and -10 times more sensitive in detecting S. Typhi compared to the optimised conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Salmonella typhi/isolamento & purificação , Febre Tifoide/diagnóstico , Primers do DNA/genética , Malásia , Salmonella typhi/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores de Tempo , Febre Tifoide/microbiologiaRESUMO
Bipolaris oryzae is the causal agent of rice brown spot disease and is responsible for significant economic losses. In order to control this disease, three phenolic antioxidants were tested (salicylic acid, benzoic acid and hydroquinone). The antifungal activity of the tested substances were investigated against B. oryzae at different concentrations in vitro, as well as the efficacy of their exogenous application in controlling rice brown spot disease under field conditions. In vitro, benzoic acid or salicylic acid at 9 mM completely inhibited the growth of B. oryzae. Under field conditions, spraying of benzoic acid at 20 mM led to a significant reduction in disease severity (DS) and disease incidence (DI) on the plant leaves, in addition to a significant increase in the grain yield and its components. Some biochemical responses were also detected, where the application of the previous treatment led to a significant increase in the total photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) in rice leaves and in the total carbohydrate and protein contents of the yielded grains.
Bipolaris oryzae é o agente causador da doença mancha-parda do arroz e é responsável por significativas perdas econômicas. Três antioxidantes fenólicos (ácido salicílico, ácido benzóico e hidroquinona) foram avaliados para o controle dessa doença do arroz. A atividade antifúngica destes compostos foi avaliada in vitro contra B. oryzae em diferentes concentrações e a eficiência de sua aplicação exógena no controle da mancha-parda foi avaliada em condições de campo. Nos ensaios in vitro, os ácidos benzóico e salicílico a 9 mM inibiram completamente a multiplicação de B. oryzae. Em condições de campo, a aspersão de ácido benzóico a 20 mM causou uma redução significativa na gravidade e incidência da doença na folhas da planta, além de aumentar significativamente o rendimento dos grãos e seus componentes. Algumas respostas bioquímicas foram também observadas, verificando-se que a aplicação do tratamento prévio causou um aumento significativo nos pigmentos fotossintéticos totais (clorofila a e b e carotenóides) nas folhas e no conteúdo de carboidratos e proteínas nos grãos.
Assuntos
Ácido Salicílico/análise , Antifúngicos , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Hidroquinonas/análise , Técnicas In Vitro , Oryza , Pigmentos Biológicos , Folhas de Planta , Métodos , MétodosRESUMO
Bipolaris oryzae is the causal agent of rice brown spot disease and is responsible for significant economic losses. In order to control this disease, three phenolic antioxidants were tested (salicylic acid, benzoic acid and hydroquinone). The antifungal activity of the tested substances were investigated against B. oryzae at different concentrations in vitro, as well as the efficacy of their exogenous application in controlling rice brown spot disease under field conditions. In vitro, benzoic acid or salicylic acid at 9 mM completely inhibited the growth of B. oryzae. Under field conditions, spraying of benzoic acid at 20 mM led to a significant reduction in disease severity (DS) and disease incidence (DI) on the plant leaves, in addition to a significant increase in the grain yield and its components. Some biochemical responses were also detected, where the application of the previous treatment led to a significant increase in the total photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) in rice leaves and in the total carbohydrate and protein contents of the yielded grains.
RESUMO
Bipolaris oryzae is the causal agent of rice brown spot disease and is responsible for significant economic losses. In order to control this disease, three phenolic antioxidants were tested (salicylic acid, benzoic acid and hydroquinone). The antifungal activity of the tested substances were investigated against B. oryzae at different concentrations in vitro, as well as the efficacy of their exogenous application in controlling rice brown spot disease under field conditions. In vitro, benzoic acid or salicylic acid at 9 mM completely inhibited the growth of B. oryzae. Under field conditions, spraying of benzoic acid at 20 mM led to a significant reduction in disease severity (DS) and disease incidence (DI) on the plant leaves, in addition to a significant increase in the grain yield and its components. Some biochemical responses were also detected, where the application of the previous treatment led to a significant increase in the total photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids) in rice leaves and in the total carbohydrate and protein contents of the yielded grains.
Bipolaris oryzae é o agente causador da doença mancha-parda do arroz e é responsável por significativas perdas econômicas. Três antioxidantes fenólicos (ácido salicílico, ácido benzóico e hidroquinona) foram avaliados para o controle dessa doença do arroz. A atividade antifúngica destes compostos foi avaliada in vitro contra B. oryzae em diferentes concentrações e a eficiência de sua aplicação exógena no controle da mancha-parda foi avaliada em condições de campo. Nos ensaios in vitro, os ácidos benzóico e salicílico a 9 mM inibiram completamente a multiplicação de B. oryzae. Em condições de campo, a aspersão de ácido benzóico a 20 mM causou uma redução significativa na gravidade e incidência da doença na folhas da planta, além de aumentar significativamente o rendimento dos grãos e seus componentes. Algumas respostas bioquímicas foram também observadas, verificando-se que a aplicação do tratamento prévio causou um aumento significativo nos pigmentos fotossintéticos totais (clorofila a e b e carotenóides) nas folhas e no conteúdo de carboidratos e proteínas nos grãos.
RESUMO
This paper reviews recent data on sugar consumption in developing countries that may lead to a potential increase in caries prevalence. A search of the business, dental and nutritional literature was conducted through May 1995. There is evidence that sugar (sucrose) use was increasing in China, India, and Southeast Asia. In South and Central America (except Haiti) sugar use was either equivalent to or higher than that in most developed societies. In the Middle East, average sugar use was higher than that of other developing areas. However, it was either lower than or equivalent to the levels reported by other developed countries. Many central African countries consumed less than 15 kg of sugar/ person/year. Of particular concern is a rise in the consumption of sugar-containing carbonated beverages in a number of developing societies: China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, and other Southeast Asian countries are currently major growth markets for the soft drink industry. Consumption of high-sugar desserts and snacks may also be increasing in urban centers in some developing countries. To counteract the potential increase in the prevalence of dental caries in some developing countries, preventive and oral health promotion programs should be planned and implemented. We contend that taxation of sugar-containing products as well as efforts to reduce the level of sugar consumption to "safe" levels may be impractical, and in most countries, cannot be supported for political, economic, or health reasons. Instead, we recommend that collaboration be established between public health authorities and manufacturers/distributors of soft drinks and sweets in developing countries to establish a dental health fund that could be used to support caries preventive programs. The fund could be supported through donations from manufacturers based on the principle of the "milli-cent" (1 cent for every 1000 cents of sales). This minimal contribution would provide enough financial support for planning and implementing dental preventive and restorative programs in developing countries.
Assuntos
Países em Desenvolvimento , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , África Central/epidemiologia , Sudeste Asiático/epidemiologia , Bebidas Gaseificadas/estatística & dados numéricos , América Central/epidemiologia , China/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Serviços de Saúde Bucal , Restauração Dentária Permanente , Países Desenvolvidos/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Sacarose Alimentar/efeitos adversos , Comportamento Alimentar , Apoio Financeiro , Alimentos , Indústria de Processamento de Alimentos , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Oriente Médio/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal , Prevalência , Odontologia Preventiva , Saúde Pública , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Impostos , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
This paper describes the prevalence of total tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontal disease in 2,226 Puerto Ricans, 1,192 Cuban Americans, and 5,983 Mexican Americans, ages five to 74 years, who were examined during the 1982-84 Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). The prevalence of total tooth loss was 2.60, 6.10, and 2.80 percent among Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, and Puerto Ricans, respectively. After adjusting for the confounding effects of age, sex, income, and education status, no statistically significant differences were found in the mean number of decayed teeth among the three groups of Hispanics. Puerto Rican children had an average of 2.09 filled teeth compared with an average of 1.39 and 1.43 filled teeth for Mexican Americans and Cuban Americans, respectively. In adults, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans had at least 40 percent higher mean number of filled teeth than Mexican Americans. Cuban American and Puerto Rican adults had about twice as many missing teeth as Mexican Americans. The pit-and-fissure tooth surfaces in children accounted for the majority of sites affected by caries. All Hispanics had a higher prevalence of gingivitis than American adults as estimated during the 1985-86 National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) survey of American adults. Puerto Ricans had the highest level of periodontal disease and the highest Debris Index scores among the Hispanic groups.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/etnologia , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Periodontais/etnologia , Perda de Dente/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cuba/etnologia , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Restauração Dentária Permanente/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Fatores Sexuais , Perda de Dente/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This article presents the results of a cross-sectional analysis of the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease, as well as the use of dental services, among 395 low acculturated dentate Mexican-Americans, 12-74 years of age, examined during the southwestern portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Comparisons were carried out with 1,894 dentate Mexican-Americans who had high acculturation status. Mexican-American adolescents and adults with low acculturation status had 73 and 116 percent higher mean number of decayed and missing teeth, respectively, compared with those with high acculturation status. The differences between the two groups, however, did not remain statistically significant when the confounding effects of age, sex, education, and income status were taken into account. Gingivitis and periodontal pocketing were highly prevalent in both groups, but those with low acculturation status had significantly higher disease levels than those with high acculturation status. Despite the unmet dental needs and the higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease, Mexican-Americans with low acculturation status were significantly less likely than those with high acculturation status to have dental insurance and to have visited the dentist as frequently.
Assuntos
Aculturação , Assistência Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Cárie Dentária/etnologia , Humanos , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Higiene Oral , Doenças Periodontais/etnologia , Índice Periodontal , Prevalência , Sudoeste dos Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Analysis of Southwestern HHANES data showed that the prevalence of dental caries among Mexican-American children is similar to that of children of the same age examined during the NIDR survey (1979-1980), despite a lower level of restorative treatment. Approximately 50% of Mexican-American children 17 years of age, however, had five or more teeth that were either decayed or filled. Occlusal surfaces of molars were the most susceptible teeth to decay; few anterior teeth were affected. This distribution of dental caries strongly supports the use of fissure sealants on molar teeth. Children from low-income families had two times more decayed teeth than children from high-income families. Mild gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were more prevalent in the Mexican-American children than in the child population for the region examined during NHANES I in 1971-1974. Children from high-income families had better periodontal health than those from low-income families.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Índice CPO , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Gengivite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estados UnidosRESUMO
This paper describes the estimated prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in 2,550 children, 5 through 17 years of age, who resided in five southwestern states of the United States and were examined in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) of 1982-84 of the National Center for Health Statistics. Dental caries in the Mexican American children was predominantly a disease of occlusal surfaces of molars; few smooth surfaces of posterior and anterior teeth were affected by caries. This intra-oral distribution of dental caries strongly supports the use of fissure sealants as a preventive procedure. Filled tooth surfaces contributed about 66 per cent of the total DMFS (decayed, missing, filled surfaces) scores. The analysis also shows that about 50 per cent of the 17 year old Mexican Americans had five or more filled or decayed teeth. Mild gingivitis was prevalent (76.9 per cent) in the Mexican American children.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Humanos , Renda , México/etnologia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The Southwestern portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in 1982 and 1983. The survey population was Mexican-Americans residing in five Southwestern states. This report presents data on the prevalence of total tooth loss, dental caries, and periodontal diseases in 3860 Mexican-American adults aged from 18 to 74. Results show that 4.3% of this group was edentulous. Among the dentate, Mexican-Americans had lower overall DMF scores but higher numbers of untreated decayed teeth than did residents of the same region seen in the NHANES I survey in 1971-1974. Caries of the smooth surfaces in both posterior and anterior teeth was more pronounced in the older than in the younger age groups. Mexican-Americans had more gingivitis but fewer periodontal pockets than did the general population in the Western states during NHANES I. The caries pattern in the Mexican-Americans suggests that caries among adults may remain a problem in the future, with the possibility of increased involvement with the aging, although modest, of smooth tooth surfaces.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Arcada Edêntula/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Higiene Oral , Pobreza , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Depósitos Dentários/epidemiologia , Educação , Inserção Epitelial/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Mexico , Índice de Higiene Oral , Doenças Periodontais/etnologia , Doenças Periodontais/patologia , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of advanced periodontal destruction (pocket depth equal to or deeper than six mm) in continuous residents, aged 27 to 74 years, of Lordsburg and Deming, New Mexico. The distance from the free gingival margin to the base of the gingival crevice or pocket was measured on the facial and mesiofacial sides of six index teeth. The presence of supragingival calculus, subgingival calculus, and plaque, as well as gingival bleeding around the index teeth, also were evaluated. Of the 372 examinees, only 46 individuals (12.4 percent) had at least one deep pocket equal to or deeper than six mm on at least one site on the six index teeth. Age was significantly associated with prevalence of deep pockets, although about 80 percent of those aged 47 to 74 years did not have deep pockets. Of those with deep pockets, 89.1 percent had fewer than four tooth sites (out of 12) affected. The only significant risk factor of the presence of deep pockets, other than age, was the number of teeth with plaque accumulations. Age and the number of teeth with plaque explained only 10.5 percent of the variability in the prevalence of deep pocketing, suggesting that risk factors other than those included in this study may be important. The results of this study indicate that destructive periodontal disease occurs at selected sites within the mouth, and that about 87 percent of the adults over age 27, in this population, do not have deep pockets in the six index teeth examined.