RESUMO

This report describes the clinical features and molecular diagnosis of a case of canine leproid granuloma (CLG) caused by mycobacterial strains of the Mycobacterium simiae complex in Brazil. A 12-year-old non-neutered male Labrador Retriever dog was presented with a 2-week history of progressive painless cutaneous lesions. Ulcerated nodules with hematic crusts were observed on the dorsal surface of the right and left pinna and on the metacarpal, metatarsal, and digits. Complete blood count, serum biochemistry, aspiration cytology of cutaneous lesions, biopsy for histopathological evaluation, culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to identify mycobacterial species were performed. According to the clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of CLG was established. Despite the negative result of the bacterial culture, mycobacterial identification was made by sequencing the hsp65 gene. Our findings highlight that mycobacterial species closely related to members of the M simiae clade can be causative agents of CLG.

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Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), that leads to economic losses in infected herds and it is also considered an important zoonosis. The molecular typing methods of M. bovis isolates are fundamental for the bovine tuberculosis surveillance system, and spoligotyping is the standard genotyping technique for this species. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the spatial and cluster distribution of M. bovis strains from several regions of Brazil through molecular typing. Spoligotyping technique was applied on 422 isolates identified as M. bovis, and Ripley's K function was used to perform the spatial and cluster analysis of each identified profile. Forty-three (43) different profiles were identified and spoligotype SB0121 was the most frequent and showed a uniform pattern in the spatial distribution while spoligotypes SB0295, SB1380 and SB1050 formed clusters. In addition, three novel spoligotype profiles (SB2361, SB2362, SB2364) were identified in different herds. In this perspective, it is believed that molecular identification and typing can significantly improve the performance of surveillance systems for bovine tuberculosis in Brazil.

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RESUMO

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on Stonebrink­Leslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp, none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), and Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.(AU)

Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovise outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp, mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum(1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is widely known as a progressive disease that affects endothermic animals, leading to death and/or economical losses, while mycobacterial infections in amphibians are commonly due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. To the authors' knowledge, this report describes the first case of bovine tuberculosis in a poikilothermic animal. CASE PRESENTATION: An adult female captive American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802) died in a Brazilian aquarium. Multiple granulomas with acid-fast bacilli were observed in several organs. Identification of Mycobacterium bovis was accomplished by culture and PCR methods. The other animals from the same enclosure were euthanized, but no evidence of mycobacterial infection was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The American bullfrog was introduced in several countries around the world as an alternative husbandry, and its production is purposed for zoological and aquarium collections, biomedical research, education, human consumption and pet market. The present report warns about an episode of bovine tuberculosis in an amphibian, therefore further studies are necessary to define this frog species' role in the epidemiology of M. bovis.

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An adult male Amazonian manatee Trichechus inunguis under human care presented with 3 circular cutaneous lesions on the dorsal aspect of the rostrum and between the nostrils (plenum). Initially these lesions were superficial, hypopigmented, without warmth and non-painful. Microbiological cultures of skin swabs isolated Candida sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and topical treatment with antiseptic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic medication was instituted. This treatment strategy did not lead to any clinical improvement, and after 6 mo, the lesions progressed to a confluent abscess (5.0 × 3.0 cm) with increased temperature and obvious discomfort on palpation. An impression smear of a cutaneous biopsy was submitted for Ziehl-Neelsen staining and after detection of acid-fast bacilli, the cutaneous biopsy and a swab from the lesion were sent for histopathology, culture and sensitivity testing. After 5 d of incubation and through PCR-restriction analysis of the isolates, Mycobacterium fortuitum and M. abscessus were identified. Sensitivity testing indicated that the isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin, and after draining of the lesion and administration of systemic antibiotic treatment, there was rapid clinical improvement. This report describes non-healing lesions in an aquatic animal and illustrates the importance of evaluating the presence of non-tuberculous mycobacteria, opportunistic pathogens which are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment, in protracted, non-responsive cases. We also highlight the importance of a correct diagnosis and treatment approach, and we review concerns that these bacteria are zoonotic agents and are frequently resistant to conventional antibiotics.

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Mycobacterium species and the virulence-associated proteins (vapA, vapB, and vapN genes) of Rhodococcus equi isolated from 330 lymph nodes of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) and white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) intended for human consumption were investigated. Thirty-six (10.9%) R. equi strains were isolated; 3.3% (n = 11/330) were from white-lipped peccary lymph nodes, and 7.6% (25/330) were from collared peccary lymph nodes. Among the 11 isolates of R. equi from the white-lipped peccaries, 90.9% (n = 10/11) were obtained from the mesenteric lymph nodes, and only 9.1% (n = 1/10) were obtained from the mediastinal lymph nodes. In the 25 isolates of R. equi obtained from the collared peccaries, 40.0% (n = 10/25) were recovered from the mesenteric lymph nodes, 36% (n = 9/25) from the submandibular lymph nodes, and 24.0% (n = 6/25) from the mediastinal lymph nodes. No vapA, vapB, or vapN genes (plasmidless) or three host-associated types (pVAPA, pVAPB, and pVAPN) were identified among the R. equi isolates. Mycobacterium species were isolated in 3.03% (n = 10/330) of all the lymph nodes analyzed. Among the 10 mycobacterial isolates, 60% (n = 6/10) were from the white-lipped peccary lymph nodes, and 40% (n = 4/10) were from the collared peccary lymph nodes. Ten Mycobacterium species were detected by PCR-PRA with a predominance of M. avium type 1. Sequencing of the hsp65 and rpob genes revealed mycobacteria that were saprophytic (M. sinense and M. kumamotonense) and potentially pathogenic (M. colombiense and M. intracellulare) to humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first description of R. equi and/or mycobacterial species identified in the lymph nodes of peccary specimens. R. equi (plasmidless) and the mycobacterial species described here have been reported as causes of pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised humans.

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Although the tuberculin test represents the main in vivo diagnostic method used in the control and eradication of bovine tuberculosis, few studies have focused on the identification of mycobacteria in the milk from cows positive to the tuberculin test. The aim of this study was to identify Mycobacterium species in milk samples from cows positive to the comparative intradermal test. Milk samples from 142 cows positive to the comparative intradermal test carried out in 4,766 animals were aseptically collected, cultivated on Lowenstein-Jensen and Stonebrink media and incubated for up to 90 days. Colonies compatible with mycobacteria were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen to detect acid-fast bacilli, while to confirm the Mycobacterium genus, conventional PCR was performed. Fourteen mycobacterial strains were isolated from 12 cows (8.4%). The hsp65 gene sequencing identified M. engbaekii (n=5), M. arupense (n=4), M. nonchromogenicum (n=3), and M. heraklionense (n=2) species belong to the Mycobacterium terrae complex. Despite the absence of M. tuberculosis complex species in the milk samples, identification of these mycobacteria highlights the risk of pathogen transmission from bovines to humans throughout milk or dairy products, since many of mycobacterial species described here have been reported in pulmonary and extrapulmonary diseases both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised people.

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RESUMO

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on StonebrinkLeslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp., none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), andMycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.

Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovis e outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp., mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum (1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.

RESUMO

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on StonebrinkLeslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp., none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), andMycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.(AU)

Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovis e outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp., mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum (1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on StonebrinkLeslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp., none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), andMycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.

Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovis e outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp., mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum (1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.

RESUMO

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on StonebrinkLeslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp., none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), andMycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.

Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovis e outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp., mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum (1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.

RESUMO

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease that affects dairy herds throughout the Brazilian territory, constituting a neglected zoonosis transmitted by raw milk and its derivatives. In this study, we evaluated the presence of M. bovis and other mycobacteria in Minas cheese obtained from open fairs in the city of São Paulo between 2012 and 2013. Samples (n = 133) were decontaminated using hexa-cetylpyridinium chloride and seeded on StonebrinkLeslie medium. The isolates were submitted to molecular identification by TB Multiplex PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and amplicon nucleotide sequencing. From 16 cheese samples (12%), we obtained 26 putative colonies of Mycobacterium spp., none of which belonged to any of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, or Mycobacterium intracellulare complexes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sample sequences were grouped in a clade that includes only non-tuberculous mycobacteria with proximity to sequences obtained from Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequences), Mycobacterium holsaticum (1 sequence), andMycobacterium elephantis (2 sequences). Although no epidemiological evidence was found regarding the importance of oral transmission of mycobacteria in healthy people, their importance in the immunosuppressed population remains uncertain.

Mycobacterium bovis é o agente da tuberculose bovina, doença que acomete o rebanho em todo território brasileiro e é uma negligenciada zoonose transmitida pelo leite e seus derivados. Este trabalho avaliou a presença de M. bovis e outras micobactérias, em queijo minas meia-cura, obtidos em feiras-livres na cidade de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2012 e 2013. As amostras (n = 133) foram descontaminadas pelo método HPC (hexa-cetyl-pyridinium chloride) e semeadas em meio Stonebrink Leslie. Os isolados foram submetidos à identificação molecular por PCR TB multiplex, pesquisando-se o gene 16S rRNA, e ao sequenciamento nucleotídico. Dezesseis amostras (12%) possuiam 26 colônias sugestivas de Mycobacterium spp., mas nenhuma delas pertencia aos complexos Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium e Mycobacterium intracellulare. A análise filogenética mostrou que todas as amostras estavam agrupadas em clados que incluem apenas micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT), sendo que algumas possuiam proximidade com sequências obtidas de Mycobacterium novocastrense (3 sequências), Mycobacterium hosaticum (1 sequência) e Mycobacterium elephantis (2 sequências). Embora no momento não haja evidência epidemiológica da importância da transmissão oral das micobactérias pra indivíduos saudáveis, sua importância na população imunossuprimida ainda é incerta.

RESUMO

Brazilian legislation allows the manufacture of raw milk cheese with a maturation exceeding 60 days at room temperature above 5C, but there is a lack of solid scientific evidence on the efficacy of this maturation process in inactivating important pathogens that may be present in milk, such as Mycobacterium bovis and Brucella abortus. Thus, the objectives of this study were to produce parmesan-type cheese experimentally contaminated with M. bovis and B. abortus and evaluate the survival of these pathogens along 2-month maturation. Parmesan-type cheese was manufactured in the laboratory using whole pasteurized milk with or without inoculation with M. bovis (SB1033) or B. abortus (1119-3) and matured at 18C for up to 63 days. M. bovis was inoculated in Stonebrink-Leslie medium supplemented with antibiotics and incubated at 37C for 45 days, and B. abortus was incubated in Farrel medium at 36C for 3 days. The average D18C value, weighted by variance, was 37.5 ± 5.3 days for M. bovis and 5.9 ± 0.7 days for B. abortus. The average physicochemical parameters in the cheese at the end of the study were as follows: pH = 4.89, water activity = 0.976, and moisture percentage = 43.1%. The pH might have contributed to the reduction in the population of B. abortus but seems not to have influenced the population of M. bovis. We conclude that the duration of the maturation process influences the size of the surviving populations of M. bovis and B. abortus, and that the shortening of the maturation duration might not ensure a decline in pathogen levels to safe levels. Thus, complementary studies considering the effect of several other technological aspects on the survival of these pathogens are required, including the effect of the lactic acid bacterial population, salt content, and temperature of maturation.(AU)

A legislação brasileira permite a fabricação queijos de leite cru com maturação superior a 60 dias em temperatura acima de 5C, mas falta evidência científica sólida sobre a eficácia do processo de maturação na inativação de importantes patógenos que podem estar presentes no leite, como o Mycobacterium bovis e a Brucella abortus. Assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram produzir o queijo tipo parmesão experimentalmente contaminado com M. bovis e B. abortus e avaliar a sobrevivência desses patógenos ao longo de 2 meses de maturação. Queijo do tipo parmesão foi fabricado em laboratório com leite pasteurizado integral com ou sem inoculo de M. bovis (SB1033) ou B. abortus (1119-3) e maturado a 18C por até 63 dias. M. bovis foi semeado em meio Stonebrink-Leslie, acrescido de antibióticos, e incubado a 37C por 45 dias e a B. abortus foi semeada em meio Farrel a 36C por 3 dias. O valor D18C médio, ponderado pela variância, foi de 37,5 ± 5,3 dias para o M. bovis e de 5,9 ± 0,7 dias para a B. abortus. Os parâmetros físico-químicos médios do queijo no final do estudo foram como se segue: pH = 4,89, atividade de água = 0,976 e umidade percentual = 43,1%. O pH pode ter contribuído para redução da população de B. abortus mas parece não ter influenciado a população de M. bovis. Concluiu-se que a duração do processo de maturação influencia o tamanho da população sobrevivente de M. bovis e de B. abortus e que o encurtamento do período de maturação pode não garantir um declínio desses patógenos para níveis seguros. Assim, estudos complementares que considerem o efeito de vários outros aspectos tecnológicos na sobrevivência desses patógenos são necessários, incluindo o efeito da população de bactérias ácido láticas, teor de sal e temperatura de maturação.(AU)

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The current scenario of international beef trading has increased the pressure for better and faster diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Although traditional culture remains the gold standard method to confirm Mycobacterium bovis infection, it is exceedingly time consuming, and demands viable mycobacteria. Molecular methods overcome the flaws of the bacteriological methods with faster detection and identification. However, mycobacterial features like a complex cell wall and pathogenhost interaction make the molecular detection a challenge. Three protocols for DNA extraction (A, B and C) from bovine tissues were tested to verify the most suitable technique for routine diagnostic assessment of their specificity and sensitivity. Thirty culture-positive and thirty culture-negative granulomatous lesions were included in the trial. From each sample, three tissue suspensions at different dilutions (10-1, 10-2 and 10-3) were prepared and submitted to DNA extraction. PCR procedures targeting IS6110 were performed, employing two volumes of DNA: 5 µL of all three dilutions, and 2.5 µL of the 10-1 dilution. Protocol A was able to detect members of the M. tuberculosis complex in most samples. The sensitivity of the test decreased with increase in tissue-suspension dilution. Although Protocol A presented the highest sensitivity followed by C and B, it showed the lowest specificity, which can be due to a failure in primary isolation caused by the lack of viable organisms or incubation time. Regardless classical bacteriological methods are still recommended by OIE, after evaluating the sensitivity of DNA extraction protocols and PCR procedures, we conclude that the best strategy for M. bovis detection is to follow Protocol A on concentrated tissue suspensions.(AU)

O atual comércio internacional de carne tem aumentado a pressão para haver um melhor e mais rápido diagnóstico de tuberculose bovina. O tradicional cultivo continua a ser o método padrão ouro para confirmar a infecção por Mycobacterium bovis, apesar de ser excessivamente demorado e necessitar de micobactérias viáveis. Métodos moleculares representam a superação de todos os defeitos dos métodos bacteriológicos com detecção e identificação mais rápidas. Entretanto, características das micobactérias, como uma complexa parede celular e a interação patógeno-hospedeiro, torna-os um desafio. Três protocolos de extração de DNA (A, B e C) foram testados em tecidos bovinos para verificar qual técnica é mais adequada para diagnóstico de rotina, avaliando sua especificidade e sensibilidade. Trinta lesões granulomatosas positivas no cultivo e 30 lesões granulomatosas negativas no cultivo foram utilizadas no experimento. A partir de cada amostra, três homogeneizados com diferentes diluições (10-1, 10-2 e 10-3) foram preparadas e submetidas à extração de DNA. A PCR para o gene alvo IS6110 foi realizada empregando-se dois volumes de DNA: um com 5 µL para todas as três diluições e outro com 2,5 µL da diluição 10-1. O Protocolo A foi capaz de detectar membros do complexo M. tuberculosis na maior parte das amostras. À medida que a diluição dos homogeneizados aumentou, a sensibilidade diminuiu. Embora o Protocolo A tenha apresentado a maior sensibilidade, seguido por C e B, este revelou a menor especificidade, que pode ser devido à insuficiência de organismos viáveis ou tempo de incubação no primo isolamento. Apesar de os métodos bacteriológicos clássicos ainda serem recomendados pela OIE, através da avaliação da sensibilidade dos protocolos de extração de DNA e dos procedimentos de PCR, concluímos que a melhor estratégia para a detecção de M. bovis é usar o Protocolo A em homogeneizados mais concentrados.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The isolation of Mycobacterium bovis is critical to a surveillance system for bovine tuberculosis based on detection of lesions in abattoirs. Thus, four solid culture media and three incubation conditions were investigated to elucidate which combination overcomes the others by assessing growth, time to the first appearance of colonies and their number. Ninety-seven samples of granulomatous lesions were submitted to the decontamination procedure by 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride at 0.75% w/v, and inoculated on two egg-based media, Stonebrinks (ST) and Lõwenstein-Jensens with sodium pyruvate (LJp), and two agar-based media, tuberculosis blood agar (B83) and Middlebrook 7H11 medium (7H11). Each medium was incubated at 37°C for 90 days in three incubation conditions: in air, in air containing 10% carbon dioxide (CO2), and in air in slopes closed with burned hydrophobic cotton and subsequently plugged with a cork to create a microaerophilic atmosphere. The colonies appeared faster and in higher number when incubated in air containing 10% CO2 (p < 0.01), independent of media. B83 showed a faster growth and detected more isolates at 30 days of incubation, when compared to ST (0.0178), LJp (p < 0.0001) and 7H11 (p < 0.0001), though there was no difference between B83, ST and LJp at 60 and 90 days of incubation. 7H11 presented the lowest number of isolates (p < 0.0001) and a longer period for the appearance of the first colony (p < 0.001). According to our findings, the concomitant use of ST and B83 media incubated in air containing 10% CO2 increases the isolation of M. bovis in a shorter period of time, which improves bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.(AU)

O isolamento do Mycobacterium bovis é fundamental para um sistema de vigilância para tuberculose bovina baseado na detecção de lesões em abatedouro. Assim, quatro meios de cultura sólidos e três condições de incubação foram investigados para elucidar qual combinação supera as outras através da avaliação de crescimento, tempo para o aparecimento da primeira colônia e número de colônias. Noventa e sete amostras de lesões granulomatosas foram submetidas ao processo de descontaminação por cloreto de 1-hexadecilpiridínio a 0,75%, e inoculadas em dois meios a base de ovo, Stonebrink (ST) e Lõwenstein-Jensen com piruvato de sódio (LJp), e dois meios a base de ágar, ágar sangue tuberculose (B83) e Middlebrook 7H11 (7H11). Cada meio foi incubado a 37°C por 90 dias, em três condições de incubação: em atmosfera normal, em atmosfera com acréscimo de 10% de dióxido de carbono (CO2), e em atmosfera normal em tubos fechados com algodão hidrófobo queimado e subsequentemente fechado com rolha para criar uma atmosfera microaerófila. As colônias apareceram mais rapidamente e em maior número quando incubadas em atmosfera com 10% de CO2 (p < 0,01), independente dos meios. As micobactérias cresceram em maior abundância e mais rapidamente no meio B83 aos 30 dias de incubação, comparado a ST (0,0178), LJp (p < 0,0001) e 7H11 (p < 0,0001), apesar de não ter havido diferença entre B83, ST e LJp aos 60 e 90 dias de incubação. 7H11 exibiu o número mais baixo de isolados (p < 0,0001) e um período mais longo para o aparecimento da primeira colônia (p < 0,001). De acordo com nossos resultados, o uso concomitante dos meios ST e B83, incubados em atmosfera com acréscimo de 10% de CO2, aumenta a proporção de isolados e o número de UFC de M. bovis, além de abreviar o tempo para aparecimento das primeiras colônias, melhorando o diagnóstico direto de tuberculose.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Preservation of specimens during transportation between abattoirs and diagnostic laboratories defines a critical stage in the definitive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis by the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. A 2-step study was designed to verify the maximum time that tissue samples can be stored in saturated sodium borate solution (SSB) with the highest detection of M. bovis isolates. Ninety hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with a suspension of M. bovis strain AN5 and were humanely euthanized after 40 days. Their spleens were collected and stored in SSB during four distinct periods (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) with incubation at two temperatures (27C and 37C). The control group was cultured on the day of euthanasia. Sixty-nine suspected tuberculous lesions samples were collected in the abattoir and were stored in SSB for three periods (30, 60 and 90 days) at 27C in the laboratory. The bovine control group was cultured on the day of entry in the laboratory. Both experiments were analyzed separately based on the growth proportion of isolates and the number of colonies. SSB was able to maintain the viability of most M. bovis at high temperatures for up to 30 days. A progressive decline was observed with other storage periods at 27C, and no growth was obtained after 60-day storage at 37C. Despite the loss in viability of M. bovis, SSB is the most favorable choice to preserve specimens during transportation across a large country with high variation in environmental temperature. The sensitivity of M. bovis detection by bacteriological examination is inversely proportional to storage time. Therefore, the storage of tuberculous lesion specimens in SSB is recommended to not exceed 30 days at 27°C before cultivation.(AU)

A conservação de espécimes durante o transporte entre abatedouros e laboratórios de diagnóstico define uma etapa crítica no diagnóstico definitivo da tuberculose bovina pelo isolamento de Mycobacterium bovis. Um estudo de duas fases foi delineado para verificar o tempo máximo de armazenamento que amostras teciduais podem ser mantidas em solução saturada de borato de sódio (SSB) com a mais alta detecção de isolados de M. bovis. Noventa hamsters foram inoculados com suspensão de M. bovis cepa AN5 por via intraperitoneal e, após 40 dias, submetidos à eutanásia humanitária. Os baços foram coletados, armazenados em SSB por quatro períodos distintos (30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) e incubados a duas temperaturas (27 e 37C). O grupo controle foi cultivado no mesmo dia da eutanásia. Sessenta e nove amostras de lesões suspeitas de tuberculose foram coletadas em abatedouro e armazenadas em SSB por três períodos (30, 60 e 90 dias) a 27C no laboratório. O grupo controle bovino foi cultivado no dia da entrada no laboratório. Ambos os experimentos foram analisados separadamente baseados na proporção de crescimento de isolados e no número de colônias. A SSB foi capaz de manter a maioria de M. bovis viáveis em altas temperaturas por até 30 dias. Houve um declínio progressivo nos outros períodos de armazenamento a 27C, e não houve crescimento a partir de 60 dias a 37C. Apesar da perda de viabilidade de M. bovis, a SSB é a escolha mais favorável para preservar as amostras durante o transporte em um grande país com alta variação de temperatura ambiente. A sensibilidade de detecção de M. bovis por exames bacteriológicos é inversamente proporcional ao tempo de armazenamento. Portanto, é recomendado que o armazenamento de amostras de lesões tuberculosas em SSB não exceda 30 dias a 27°C antes do cultivo.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Research, development of new biotechnological methods, diagnostic tests, confirmation of results, and reinvestigations are possible because of the availability of well-preserved living organisms maintained without any changes. Cryopreservation is a simpler, more reliable and long-term stable method for culture maintenance. Storage temperature and composition of the suspending vehicle are factors that affect the viability of mycobacterial strains. Three vehicles and three storage temperatures were evaluated to define a suitable cryoprotective medium for the preservation of Mycobacterium bovis strains. Colonies of sixteen M. bovis isolates were used to prepare the suspensions, which were then added to three vehicles: sterile 0.85% saline solution (SS), Middlebrook 7H9 broth (7H9), and Middlebrook 7H9 broth with sodium pyruvate (7H9p) replacing glycerol. Aliquots of these suspensions were frozen by three different methods, directly in the -20C freezer, directly in the -80C freezer, and at -196C by immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). The frozen aliquots were thawed at room temperature after 45, 90 and 120 days. Mycobacterial viability was assessed by counting the living cells on plates of Stonebrink medium before and after the freezing procedure. Storage at -20C exhibited a lower recovery of M. bovis compared to storage at -80C (Dunns test, p=0.0018) and LN (Dunns test, p=0.1403), yet –80°C showed better results than LN. All three suspending vehicles showed no statistically significant difference in terms of viability (Friedmans test, p=0.7765). Given the low loss proportion of 5% during storage at –20°C and the high cost equipment required for storage at –80°C and LN, we recommend storage at –20°C or –80°C, when this is available, for preservation of M. bovis field strains.(AU)

Pesquisa, desenvolvimento de novos métodos biotecnológicos, testes diagnósticos, confirmação de resultados e reinvestigações são possíveis por causa da disponibilidade de organismos vivos bem preservados e mantidos inalterados. A criopreservação tem mostrado ser um método de manutenção de cultura mais simples, mais confiável e estável em longo prazo. Temperatura de armazenamento e composição do veículo de suspensão são fatores que afetam a viabilidade de cepas micobacterianas. Três veículos e três temperaturas de armazenamento foram avaliados para definir um meio crioprotetor adequado para preservação de estirpes de Mycobacterium bovis. Colônias de 16 isolados de M. bovis foram usadas na preparação de suspensões, as quais foram adicionadas a três veículos: solução salina a 0,85% estéril, caldo Middlebrook 7H9 (7H9) e caldo Middlebrook 7H9 com piruvato de sódio (7H9p) substituindo o glicerol. Alíquotas dessas suspensões foram congeladas por três métodos diferentes, direto em freezer a -20C, direto em freezer a -80C e a -196C por imersão em nitrogênio líquido (LN). As amostras foram descongeladas a temperatura ambiente após 45, 90 e 120 dias. A viabilidade das micobactérias foi avaliada pela contagem de células vivas em placas com meio Stonebrink, antes e depois dos processos de congelamento. Armazenamento a -20C exibiu menor recuperação de M. bovis comparado a -80C (Teste de Dunn, p=0.0018) e LN (Teste de Dunn, p=0.0352). Não houve diferença entre armazenamento a –80°C e LN (Teste de Dunn, p=0.1403), mas –80°C apresentou melhores resultados do que LN. Os três veículos de suspensão não apresentaram diferença estatística (Teste de Friedman, p=0.7765). Dada à baixa proporção de perda (5%) durante o armazenamento a –20°C e ao alto custo do equipamento necessário para o armazenamento a –80°C, nós recomendamos o armazenamento a –20°C ou –80°C, quando disponível, para a preservação das estirpes de campo de M. bovis.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Research, development of new biotechnological methods, diagnostic tests, confirmation of results, and reinvestigations are possible because of the availability of well-preserved living organisms maintained without any changes. Cryopreservation is a simpler, more reliable and long-term stable method for culture maintenance. Storage temperature and composition of the suspending vehicle are factors that affect the viability of mycobacterial strains. Three vehicles and three storage temperatures were evaluated to define a suitable cryoprotective medium for the preservation of Mycobacterium bovis strains. Colonies of sixteen M. bovis isolates were used to prepare the suspensions, which were then added to three vehicles: sterile 0.85% saline solution (SS), Middlebrook 7H9 broth (7H9), and Middlebrook 7H9 broth with sodium pyruvate (7H9p) replacing glycerol. Aliquots of these suspensions were frozen by three different methods, directly in the -20C freezer, directly in the -80C freezer, and at -196C by immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN). The frozen aliquots were thawed at room temperature after 45, 90 and 120 days. Mycobacterial viability was assessed by counting the living cells on plates of Stonebrink medium before and after the freezing procedure. Storage at -20C exhibited a lower recovery of M. bovis compared to storage at -80C (Dunns test, p=0.0018) and LN (Dunn’s test, p=0.1403), yet –80°C showed better results than LN. All three suspending vehicles showed no statistically significant difference in terms of viability (Friedman’s test, p=0.7765). Given the low loss proportion of 5% during storage at –20°C and the high cost equipment required for storage at –80°C and LN, we recommend storage at –20°C or –80°C, when this is available, for preservation of M. bovis field strains.

Pesquisa, desenvolvimento de novos métodos biotecnológicos, testes diagnósticos, confirmação de resultados e reinvestigações são possíveis por causa da disponibilidade de organismos vivos bem preservados e mantidos inalterados. A criopreservação tem mostrado ser um método de manutenção de cultura mais simples, mais confiável e estável em longo prazo. Temperatura de armazenamento e composição do veículo de suspensão são fatores que afetam a viabilidade de cepas micobacterianas. Três veículos e três temperaturas de armazenamento foram avaliados para definir um meio crioprotetor adequado para preservação de estirpes de Mycobacterium bovis. Colônias de 16 isolados de M. bovis foram usadas na preparação de suspensões, as quais foram adicionadas a três veículos: solução salina a 0,85% estéril, caldo Middlebrook 7H9 (7H9) e caldo Middlebrook 7H9 com piruvato de sódio (7H9p) substituindo o glicerol. Alíquotas dessas suspensões foram congeladas por três métodos diferentes, direto em freezer a -20C, direto em freezer a -80C e a -196C por imersão em nitrogênio líquido (LN). As amostras foram descongeladas a temperatura ambiente após 45, 90 e 120 dias. A viabilidade das micobactérias foi avaliada pela contagem de células vivas em placas com meio Stonebrink, antes e depois dos processos de congelamento. Armazenamento a -20C exibiu menor recuperação de M. bovis comparado a -80C (Teste de Dunn, p=0.0018) e LN (Teste de Dunn, p=0.0352). Não houve diferença entre armazenamento a –80°C e LN (Teste de Dunn, p=0.1403), mas –80°C apresentou melhores resultados do que LN. Os três veículos de suspensão não apresentaram diferença estatística (Teste de Friedman, p=0.7765). Dada à baixa proporção de perda (5%) durante o armazenamento a –20°C e ao alto custo do equipamento necessário para o armazenamento a –80°C, nós recomendamos o armazenamento a –20°C ou –80°C, quando disponível, para a preservação das estirpes de campo de M. bovis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Preservation of specimens during transportation between abattoirs and diagnostic laboratories defines a critical stage in the definitive diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis by the isolation of Mycobacterium bovis. A 2-step study was designed to verify the maximum time that tissue samples can be stored in saturated sodium borate solution (SSB) with the highest detection of M. bovis isolates. Ninety hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with a suspension of M. bovis strain AN5 and were humanely euthanized after 40 days. Their spleens were collected and stored in SSB during four distinct periods (30, 60, 90 and 120 days) with incubation at two temperatures (27C and 37C). The control group was cultured on the day of euthanasia. Sixty-nine suspected tuberculous lesions samples were collected in the abattoir and were stored in SSB for three periods (30, 60 and 90 days) at 27C in the laboratory. The bovine control group was cultured on the day of entry in the laboratory. Both experiments were analyzed separately based on the growth proportion of isolates and the number of colonies. SSB was able to maintain the viability of most M. bovis at high temperatures for up to 30 days. A progressive decline was observed with other storage periods at 27C, and no growth was obtained after 60-day storage at 37C. Despite the loss in viability of M. bovis, SSB is the most favorable choice to preserve specimens during transportation across a large country with high variation in environmental temperature. The sensitivity of M. bovis detection by bacteriological examination is inversely proportional to storage time. Therefore, the storage of tuberculous lesion specimens in SSB is recommended to not exceed 30 days at 27°C before cultivation.

A conservação de espécimes durante o transporte entre abatedouros e laboratórios de diagnóstico define uma etapa crítica no diagnóstico definitivo da tuberculose bovina pelo isolamento de Mycobacterium bovis. Um estudo de duas fases foi delineado para verificar o tempo máximo de armazenamento que amostras teciduais podem ser mantidas em solução saturada de borato de sódio (SSB) com a mais alta detecção de isolados de M. bovis. Noventa hamsters foram inoculados com suspensão de M. bovis cepa AN5 por via intraperitoneal e, após 40 dias, submetidos à eutanásia humanitária. Os baços foram coletados, armazenados em SSB por quatro períodos distintos (30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) e incubados a duas temperaturas (27 e 37C). O grupo controle foi cultivado no mesmo dia da eutanásia. Sessenta e nove amostras de lesões suspeitas de tuberculose foram coletadas em abatedouro e armazenadas em SSB por três períodos (30, 60 e 90 dias) a 27C no laboratório. O grupo controle bovino foi cultivado no dia da entrada no laboratório. Ambos os experimentos foram analisados separadamente baseados na proporção de crescimento de isolados e no número de colônias. A SSB foi capaz de manter a maioria de M. bovis viáveis em altas temperaturas por até 30 dias. Houve um declínio progressivo nos outros períodos de armazenamento a 27C, e não houve crescimento a partir de 60 dias a 37C. Apesar da perda de viabilidade de M. bovis, a SSB é a escolha mais favorável para preservar as amostras durante o transporte em um grande país com alta variação de temperatura ambiente. A sensibilidade de detecção de M. bovis por exames bacteriológicos é inversamente proporcional ao tempo de armazenamento. Portanto, é recomendado que o armazenamento de amostras de lesões tuberculosas em SSB não exceda 30 dias a 27°C antes do cultivo.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The isolation of Mycobacterium bovis is critical to a surveillance system for bovine tuberculosis based on detection of lesions in abattoirs. Thus, four solid culture media and three incubation conditions were investigated to elucidate which combination overcomes the others by assessing growth, time to the first appearance of colonies and their number. Ninety-seven samples of granulomatous lesions were submitted to the decontamination procedure by 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride at 0.75% w/v, and inoculated on two egg-based media, Stonebrink’s (ST) and Lõwenstein-Jensen’s with sodium pyruvate (LJp), and two agar-based media, tuberculosis blood agar (B83) and Middlebrook 7H11 medium (7H11). Each medium was incubated at 37°C for 90 days in three incubation conditions: in air, in air containing 10% carbon dioxide (CO2), and in air in slopes closed with burned hydrophobic cotton and subsequently plugged with a cork to create a microaerophilic atmosphere. The colonies appeared faster and in higher number when incubated in air containing 10% CO2 (p < 0.01), independent of media. B83 showed a faster growth and detected more isolates at 30 days of incubation, when compared to ST (0.0178), LJp (p < 0.0001) and 7H11 (p < 0.0001), though there was no difference between B83, ST and LJp at 60 and 90 days of incubation. 7H11 presented the lowest number of isolates (p < 0.0001) and a longer period for the appearance of the first colony (p < 0.001). According to our findings, the concomitant use of ST and B83 media incubated in air containing 10% CO2 increases the isolation of M. bovis in a shorter period of time, which improves bovine tuberculosis diagnosis.

O isolamento do Mycobacterium bovis é fundamental para um sistema de vigilância para tuberculose bovina baseado na detecção de lesões em abatedouro. Assim, quatro meios de cultura sólidos e três condições de incubação foram investigados para elucidar qual combinação supera as outras através da avaliação de crescimento, tempo para o aparecimento da primeira colônia e número de colônias. Noventa e sete amostras de lesões granulomatosas foram submetidas ao processo de descontaminação por cloreto de 1-hexadecilpiridínio a 0,75%, e inoculadas em dois meios a base de ovo, Stonebrink (ST) e Lõwenstein-Jensen com piruvato de sódio (LJp), e dois meios a base de ágar, ágar sangue tuberculose (B83) e Middlebrook 7H11 (7H11). Cada meio foi incubado a 37°C por 90 dias, em três condições de incubação: em atmosfera normal, em atmosfera com acréscimo de 10% de dióxido de carbono (CO2), e em atmosfera normal em tubos fechados com algodão hidrófobo queimado e subsequentemente fechado com rolha para criar uma atmosfera microaerófila. As colônias apareceram mais rapidamente e em maior número quando incubadas em atmosfera com 10% de CO2 (p < 0,01), independente dos meios. As micobactérias cresceram em maior abundância e mais rapidamente no meio B83 aos 30 dias de incubação, comparado a ST (0,0178), LJp (p < 0,0001) e 7H11 (p < 0,0001), apesar de não ter havido diferença entre B83, ST e LJp aos 60 e 90 dias de incubação. 7H11 exibiu o número mais baixo de isolados (p < 0,0001) e um período mais longo para o aparecimento da primeira colônia (p < 0,001). De acordo com nossos resultados, o uso concomitante dos meios ST e B83, incubados em atmosfera com acréscimo de 10% de CO2, aumenta a proporção de isolados e o número de UFC de M. bovis, além de abreviar o tempo para aparecimento das primeiras colônias, melhorando o diagnóstico direto de tuberculose.

Assuntos