RESUMO

A acácia negra é uma espécie florestal de expressiva importância econômica na região sul do Brasil e a investigação de métodos de propagação vegetativa para constituição de florestas clonais é de grande valia para aumento da produtividade florestal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação de promotores de enraizamento na miniestaquia de Acacia mearnsii como alternativa para a propagação vegetativa da espécie. O experimento foi conduzido no mês de julho/2018 (estação de inverno) com uma testemunha, duas concentrações de ácido indol butírico - IBA (2000 e 4000 mg L-1) e duas concentrações do inoculante AzoTotal® (100% e 50%) que contem a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense. Para os tratamentos com IBA, as bases das miniestacas permaneceram imersas em solução hidroalcoólica 1:1 durante 10 segundos e para o inoculante durante 15 minutos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e após 45 dias avaliou-se a porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas, número de raízes por miniestaca, comprimento das três maiores raízes por miniestaca, porcentagem de miniestacas com calos, porcentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas, porcentagem de miniestacas com brotação e porcentagem de miniestacas que mantiveram os folíolos. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para miniestacas enraizadas, número de raízes por miniestaca e comprimento das três maiores raízes, não ocorrendo para as demais variáveis analisadas. A utilização de IBA em 4000 mg L-1mostrou-se mais eficaz (63,7% de enraizamento)para o processo de propagação vegetativa da espécie.(AU)

Black wattle is a forest species of great economic importance in the southern of Brazil. Researches for vegetative propagation methods to constitute clonal forests are effective to increase forest productivity. The goal of this work was to evaluate the action of compounds to promote rooting in minicuttings of Acacia mearnsii as an alternative to vegetative propagation to the species. We conducted the experiment in July/2018 (winter season) with one negative control, two concentrations of indolebutyric acid –IBA (2000 and 4000 mg L-1) and two concentrations of AzoTotal™ (100% e 50%), an inoculant containing Azospirillum brasilense bacterium. In the IBA treatments, the base of minicuttings remained immersed in hydroalcoholicsolution1:1for 10 seconds and for the inoculant treatments during15 minutes. The experiment took place in a greenhouse and after 45 days, we evaluated the percentage of rooted minicutting; number of roots per minicutting; length of the three largest roots perminicutting; percentage of minicuttings with calluses; percentage of minicuttings survival; percentage of minicutting with budding and percentage of minicutting that kept the leaflets. There was significant difference between treatments considering rooted minicuttings, number of roots by minicutting, length of the three largest roots by minicutting and we did not observe differences tothe other variables analyzed. The use of IBA at 4000 mg L-1(63.7% of rooted minicuttings) was more effective for the vegetative propagation process in this species.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

A acácia negra é uma espécie florestal de expressiva importância econômica na região sul do Brasil e a investigação de métodos de propagação vegetativa para constituição de florestas clonais é de grande valia para aumento da produtividade florestal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação de promotores de enraizamento na miniestaquia de Acacia mearnsii como alternativa para a propagação vegetativa da espécie. O experimento foi conduzido no mês de julho/2018 (estação de inverno) com uma testemunha, duas concentrações de ácido indol butírico - IBA (2000 e 4000 mg L-1) e duas concentrações do inoculante AzoTotal® (100% e 50%) que contem a bactéria Azospirillum brasilense. Para os tratamentos com IBA, as bases das miniestacas permaneceram imersas em solução hidroalcoólica 1:1 durante 10 segundos e para o inoculante durante 15 minutos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e após 45 dias avaliou-se a porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas, número de raízes por miniestaca, comprimento das três maiores raízes por miniestaca, porcentagem de miniestacas com calos, porcentagem de sobrevivência das miniestacas, porcentagem de miniestacas com brotação e porcentagem de miniestacas que mantiveram os folíolos. Houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para miniestacas enraizadas, número de raízes por miniestaca e comprimento das três maiores raízes, não ocorrendo para as demais variáveis analisadas. A utilização de IBA em 4000 mg L-1mostrou-se mais eficaz (63,7% de enraizamento)para o processo de propagação vegetativa da espécie.

Black wattle is a forest species of great economic importance in the southern of Brazil. Researches for vegetative propagation methods to constitute clonal forests are effective to increase forest productivity. The goal of this work was to evaluate the action of compounds to promote rooting in minicuttings of Acacia mearnsii as an alternative to vegetative propagation to the species. We conducted the experiment in July/2018 (winter season) with one negative control, two concentrations of indolebutyric acid –IBA (2000 and 4000 mg L-1) and two concentrations of AzoTotal™ (100% e 50%), an inoculant containing Azospirillum brasilense bacterium. In the IBA treatments, the base of minicuttings remained immersed in hydroalcoholicsolution1:1for 10 seconds and for the inoculant treatments during15 minutes. The experiment took place in a greenhouse and after 45 days, we evaluated the percentage of rooted minicutting; number of roots per minicutting; length of the three largest roots perminicutting; percentage of minicuttings with calluses; percentage of minicuttings survival; percentage of minicutting with budding and percentage of minicutting that kept the leaflets. There was significant difference between treatments considering rooted minicuttings, number of roots by minicutting, length of the three largest roots by minicutting and we did not observe differences tothe other variables analyzed. The use of IBA at 4000 mg L-1(63.7% of rooted minicuttings) was more effective for the vegetative propagation process in this species.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Six endophytic bacteria of corn roots were identified as Bacillus sp. and as Enterobacter sp, by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Four of the strains, CNPSo 2476, CNPSo 2477, CNPSo 2478 and CNPSo 2480 were positive for the nitrogen fixation ability evaluated through the acetylene reduction assay and amplification of nifH gene. Two Bacillus strains (CNPSo 2477 and CNPSo 2478) showed outstanding skills for the production of IAA, siderophores and lytic enzymes, but were not good candidates as growth promoters, because they reduced seed germination. However, the same strains were antagonists against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium verticillioides, Colletotrichum graminicola, Bipolaris maydis and Cercospora zea-maydis. As an indication of favorable bacterial action, Enterobacter sp. CNPSo 2480 and Bacillus sp. CNPSo 2481 increased the root volume by 44% and 39%, respectively, and the seed germination by 47% and 56%, respectively. Therefore, these two strains are good candidates for future testing as biological inoculants for corn.

RESUMO

Maize is one of the most important crops worldwide, and in Brazil, the state of Paraná stands as its largest producer. The crop demands high inputs of N fertilizers, therefore all strategies aiming to optimize the grain production with lower inputs are very relevant. Endophytic bacteria have a high potential to increment maize grain yield by means of input via biological nitrogen fixation and/or plant growth promotion, in this last case increasing the absorption of water and nutrients by the plants. In this study, we established a collection of 217 endophytic bacteria, isolated from roots of four lineages and three hybrid genotypes of maize, and isolated in four different N-free culture media. Biochemical-comprising growth in different carbon sources, intrinsic tolerance to antibiotics, and biochemical tests for catalase, nitrate reductase, urease, and growth in N-free media in vitro-and genetic characterization by BOX-PCR revealed great variability among the isolates. Both commercial hybrids and homozygous lineages were broadly colonized by endophytes, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed the presence of bacteria belonging to the genera Pantoea, Bacillus, Burkholderia, and Klebsiella. Qualitative differences in endophytic colonization were detected between lineages and hybrid genotypes.

Assuntos