Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Aleitamento Materno , Monitoramento Ambiental , Saúde , CriançaRESUMO
Inequality between and within populations has origins in adverse early experiences. Developmental neuroscience shows how early biological and psychosocial experiences affect brain development. We previously identified inadequate cognitive stimulation, stunting, iodine deficiency, and iron-deficiency anaemia as key risks that prevent millions of young children from attaining their developmental potential. Recent research emphasises the importance of these risks, strengthens the evidence for other risk factors including intrauterine growth restriction, malaria, lead exposure, HIV infection, maternal depression, institutionalisation, and exposure to societal violence, and identifies protective factors such as breastfeeding and maternal education. Evidence on risks resulting from prenatal maternal nutrition, maternal stress, and families affected with HIV is emerging. Interventions are urgently needed to reduce children's risk exposure and to promote development in affected children. Our goal is to provide information to help the setting of priorities for early child development programmes and policies to benefit the world's poorest children and reduce persistent inequalities.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , HumanosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that social marketing improves women's awareness and consumption of multivitamin and mineral supplements. DESIGN: Formative research and baseline and final surveys using a multistaged stratified cluster sample. SETTING: Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. PARTICIPANTS: Women 15 to 49 years old (n=1709 at baseline and n=1735 at final survey). INTERVENTION: Social marketing campaign using radio and television spots. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Awareness and use of multivitamins, including VitalDía, the brand promoted as part of this social marketing campaign. ANALYSIS: Cross-tabulations to assess changes over time in awareness and use of multivitamins. Logistic regression analyses to identify determinants of multivitamin use. RESULTS: The campaign increased women's awareness and use of multiple supplements, including VitalDía. Awareness of multiple supplements nearly doubled among women with 6 to 8 years of schooling, tripled among women with 4 to 5 years of education, and more than quadrupled among women with less than 4 years of schooling. After 9 months of social marketing, 11% of women had taken VitalDía one or more times, 7% had taken it at least once in the last 3 months, and 4% had used it one or more times in the last month. Improvements in the use of VitalDía were evident for women of all socioeconomic and educational levels, with the greatest increases occurring in the least advantaged groups. Additionally, women who had a positive perception of the benefits of multivitamins were 1.7 times (95% confidence interval 1.2-2.3; P <.01) more likely than women who did not have a positive perception to ever use VitalDía, once the effects of social class were adjusted. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Social marketing of multiple supplements reached resource-poor women and can be used to bridge gaps in access, improve awareness of supplementation as an option, and increase the likelihood that women will try supplements.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Minerais/administração & dosagem , Distúrbios Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Bolívia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Para implementar un programa orientado a mejorar la alimentación de los niños durante y después de diarrea aguda, se obtiene información de las creencias culturales y prácticas alimenticias de la población. Se realizaron dos encuestas: Callejón de Huaylas y comunidades urbano-marginales de Lima. Se realizaron estudios antropológicos y un estudio longitudinal
Assuntos
Diarreia Infantil , Comportamento Alimentar , Nutrição do Lactente , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Peru , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
El programa tiene como objetivo mejorar el manejo dietético durante la diarrea y el período de convalescencia; esta encuesta sirve para conocer las prácticas alimenticias y las creencias culturales que la población tiene. Contiene: Antecedentes, Metodología, Resultados, Prácticas de alimentación, Factores que influyen en la alimentación de los niños, Creencias y prácticas sobre la diarrea, Alimentación durante la diarrea, y Utilización de medios de comunicación en la zona de estudio