RESUMO
BACKGROUND: An essential element imbalance in the joint might favor gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage. It has been reported that cadmium (Cd) plays an antagonistic role with regards to the presence of essential elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn), which may favor the development of disabling diseases, like osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis. METHODS: 3D cultures of human chondrocytes were phenotyped with the Western blot technique and structurally evaluated with histological staining. The samples were exposed to 1, 5, and 10 µM of CdCl2 for 12 h, with a non-exposed culture as control. The concentration of Cd, Fe, Mn, Zn, chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) was quantified through plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The data were analyzed with a Kruskal Wallis test, a Kendall's Tau test and Spearman's correlation coefficient with the Stata program, version 14. RESULTS: Our results suggest that Cd exposure affects the structure of micromass cultures and plays an antagonistic role on the concentration of essential metals, such as Zn, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Cr. CONCLUSION: Cd exposure may be a risk factor for developing joint diseases like OA, as it can interfere with cartilage absorption of other essential elements that maintain cartilage homeostasis.
Assuntos
Cádmio/farmacologia , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Adulto , Western Blotting , Cádmio/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Ferro/metabolismo , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Níquel/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
Habitat discontinuities, temperature gradients, upwelling systems, and ocean currents, gyres and fronts, can affect distributions of species with narrow environmental tolerance or motility and influence the dispersal of pelagic larvae, with effects ranging from the isolation of adjacent populations to connections between them. The coast of the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) is a highly dynamic environment, with various large gyres and upwelling systems, alternating currents and large rocky-habitat discontinuities, which may greatly influence the genetic connectivity of populations in different parts of the coast. Elacatinus puncticulatus is a cryptic, shallow-living goby that is distributed along the continental shore of virtually the entire TEP, which makes it a good model for testing the influence of these environmental characteristics in the molecular evolution of widespread species in this region. A multilocus phylogeny was used to evaluate the influence of habitat gaps, and oceanographic processes in the evolutionary history of E. puncticulatus throughout its geographical range in the TEP. Two well-supported allopatric clades (one with two allopatric subclades) were recovered, the geographic distribution of which does not correspond to any previously proposed major biogeographic provinces. These populations show strong genetic structure and substantial genetic distances between clades and sub-clades (cytb 0.8-7.3%), with divergence times between them ranging from 0.53 to 4.88 Mya, and recent population expansions dated at 170-130 Kya. The ancestral area of all populations appears to be the Gulf of Panama, while several isolation events have formed the phylogeographic patterns evident in this species. Local and regional oceanographic processes as well as habitat discontinuities have shaped the distribution patterns of the genetic lineages along the continental TEP. Large genetic distances, high genetic differentiation, and the results of species-tree and phylogenetic analyses indicate that E. puncticulatus comprises a complex of three allopatric species with an unusual geographic arrangement.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Ecossistema , Peixes/fisiologia , Clima Tropical , Animais , Teorema de Bayes , Bases de Dados Genéticas , Evolução Molecular , Haplótipos/genética , Oceano Pacífico , Panamá , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Claudins participate in tissue barrier function. The loss of this barrier is associated to metalloproteases-related extracellular matrix and basal membranes degradation. Claudin-1 is a pro-MMP-2 activator and claudin-6 transfected AGS (AGS-Cld6) cells are highly invasive. Our aim was to determine if claudin-6 was direct or indirectly associated with MMP-2 activation and cell invasiveness. Cytofluorometry, cell fractioning, immunoprecipitation, gelatin-zymography, cell migration and invasiveness assays were performed, claudin-2, -6, -7 and -9 transfected AGS cells, anti-MMP-2, -9 and -14, anti-claudins specific antibodies and claudin-1 small interfering RNA were used. The results showed a significant (p<0.001) overexpression of claudin-1 in AGS-Cld6 cell membranes. A strong MMP-2 activity was identified in culture supernatants of AGS-Cld6. Claudin-1 co-localized with MMP-2 and MMP-14; interestingly a significant increase in cell membrane and cytosol MMP-14 expression was detected in AGS-Cld6 cells (p<0.05). Silencing of claudin-1 in AGS-Cld6 cells showed a 60% MMP-2 activity decrease in culture supernatants and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in cell migration and invasiveness. Our results suggest that claudin-6 induces MMP-2 activation through claudin-1 membrane expression, which in turn promotes cell migration and invasiveness.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Claudinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Junções Íntimas/metabolismoRESUMO
El cáncer en cavidad bucal y de la región de cabeza y cuello se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre la quinta y sexta década de la vida generalmente atribuido al uso indiscriminado de substancias como el alcohol y el tabaco por un periodo de tiempo considerable. Sin embargo estudios recientes demuestran un incremento en la incidencia en pacientes jóvenes que nunca estuvieron expuestos a estos y a otros factores como riesgo ocupacional, predisposición genética, dieta. Se presenta 4 casos de carcinomas en cavidad bucal y revisión de la literatura.
Oral cavity cancer and head and neck region occurs most often between the fifth and sixth decade of life and is generally attributed to the indiscriminate use of substances such as alcohol and snuff for a period of time. However, recent studies show an increased incidence in younger patients who have never been exposed to these and other risk factors such as occupational factors, genetic predisposition, diet. Four cases of oral carcinoma are presented as well as a literature review.
Assuntos
Carcinoma , Neoplasias Bucais , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer (BCa) is the most common malignant tumour in Mexican women. In BCa, several studies have linked ß2-adrenergic receptor activation with increased tumour growth and progression as related with Epinephrine-NorEpinephrine (E-NE) stimulation. The aim of this study was to describe Beta-Blocker (BB) treatment related with reduction of the risk of metastasis in Mexican patients with BCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data of 120 patients seen at the High-Specialty Naval General Hospital in Mexico City (HOSGENAES), all of these with a histopathological diagnosis of BCa. Four groups of patients were divided as follows: without Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH); with SAH treatment with non-selective BB; with SAH treatment with selective BB, and with SAH treatment with other antihypertensive drugs. Chi-square, Mantel- Haenszel, Student t, and ANOVA tests were performed for data analysis. RESULTS: On average, patients were 54.8±11.8 years of age. Risk factors such as smoking and consuming alcohol exhibited a frequency of 33 and 36.5% respectively. Clinical stages III- IV were found in 50% of patients, while, 30% of patients had arterial hypertension (n=29 and N=96, respectively) and 17.5% used BB. One hundred percent of patients with arterial hypertension treated with BB for ß1 - and ß2 -adrenergic-receptors did not present metastasis globally, but patients treated with ß1 BB presented 30% of metastasis while patients treated with no BB or without SAH had around 70% of metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexican patients with BCa and SAH treated with non-selective (ß1- and ß2-adrenergic receptors) BB, a decrease in the risk for metastasis was observed at the time of diagnosis.
Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Lobular/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/secundário , Carcinoma Lobular/secundário , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/patologia , Metástase Linfática , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , PrognósticoRESUMO
El cáncer en cavidad bucal y de la región de cabeza y cuello se presenta con mayor frecuencia entre la quinta y sexta década de la vida generalmente atribuido al uso indiscriminado de substancias como el alcohol y el tabaco por un periodo de tiempo considerable. Sin embargo estudios recientes demuestran un incremento en la incidencia en pacientes jóvenes que nunca estuvieron expuestos a estos y a otros factores como riesgo ocupacional, predisposición genética, dieta...
Oral cavity and head and neck cancer occurs most often between the fifth and sixth decade of life and is generally attributed to the indiscriminate use of substances such as alcohol and tobacco snuff for a considerable amount of time. However, recent studies show an increased incidence in younger patients who have never been exposed to these and other risk factors such as occupational risk, genetic predisposition and diet...
Assuntos
Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Boca , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to establish the impact of the redefinition and reclassification of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) as a tumour on the prevalence of odontogenic tumours (OT). METHODS: We revised 15 435 files of a teaching head and neck histopathology service in the time period from January 1981 to December 2008 and 478 cases of OT were selected. The 342 cases from 1981 to 2004 were classified according 1992 to the World Health Organization (WHO)-classification (excluding keratocystic OT) while the 136 cases from 2005 onwards were classified according to the 2005 WHO-classification (including keratocystic OT). Age and gender were obtained from medical records. The frequency distribution and prevalence of OT from each periods of time were compared. A chi-square test was performed (P < 0.05 95% confidence interval). RESULTS: The prevalence of OT increases 92% in the 2005-2008 period; from 2.6% (1981-2004 period) to 5% (2005-2008 period) (P 0.000).The most frequent OT in the 1981-2004 period was odontoma (45% of all OT) while in the 2005-2008 period was Keratocystic Odontogenicv Tumour (38.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The redefinition of OKC as a tumour produced an increase in the frequency and prevalence of OT.
Assuntos
Cistos Odontogênicos/classificação , Tumores Odontogênicos/classificação , Fatores Etários , Ameloblastoma/epidemiologia , Biópsia , Cisto Dentígero/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Cistos Odontogênicos/patologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/epidemiologia , Tumores Odontogênicos/patologia , Odontoma/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Cisto Radicular/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
A review is made of the main prenatal growth stages and the way they are influenced by social and biological factors pointing out the role of maternal nutrition before and during pregnancy. It is discussed the available evidence on the relation of maternal nutrition and fetal growth through clinical and epidemiological studies performed in animal and humans, analyzing the causal mechanisms of this association, including the role of placenta. Some clinical useful indicators that allow to evaluate maternal nutrition throughout gestation are presented. Emphasis is made on the impact of protein-energy malnutrition as well as on some specific deficiencies, particularly iron and folic acid. At last, the synergic effect of infection and malnutrition on low birth weight and prematurity is analyzed.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Fetal , Nível de Saúde , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Anemia/etiologia , Anemia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal/fisiologia , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/etiologia , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/etiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Resultado da Gravidez , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/etiologia , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Participação da Comunidade , Emigração e Imigração/estatística & dados numéricos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Redes Comunitárias , District of Columbia , El Salvador/etnologia , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore ability to read clinical research papers by pediatric residents at different stages of their training. SETTING: Four hospitals of the Mexican Social Security System located in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An instrument to evaluate the ability to read critically pediatric research papers was developed and validated by four experts. It contained four abstracts generated from research articles and was integrated by 30 interpretation items, 30 judgment items and 30 alternative proposals items, to be answered by the true-false- don't know system. RESULTS: Sixty seven residents participated (21 first year, 20 second year and 26 third year level). There were no significant differences in interpretation, judgment and overall scores between groups. There was a significant degree of agreement in the ordinality of the residents for the scores in interpretation, judgment and proposals (Kendall W = 0.55, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the residents were not influenced by the training received during their residence in regard to their ability for critical reading of clinical research papers.
Assuntos
Internato e Residência , Pediatria/educação , Leitura , Pesquisa , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
In this paper the author presents the essentials of the psychologically preparation of the child and his family for surgical procedures, discussing as well other relevant factors, such as: what to consider to make an appropriate preparation; necessary resources to implement it; when, where and how to do it, and also what to expect from the appropriately prepared child.
Assuntos
Criança Hospitalizada/psicologia , Pais/educação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Enfermagem Pediátrica , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , HumanosRESUMO
Neurologic complications associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection vary geographically. To understand the pattern of HIV-associated neurologic complications in Mexico, 120 AIDS patients from Mexico City, Mexico, and 500 AIDS patients from Houston, Texas, were studied cross-sectionally and retrospectively. Neurologic, laboratory, imaging, and pathologic examinations identified 40 Mexican patients and 130 U.S. patients with neurologic complications. Whereas AIDS dementia complex was the most common neurologic manifestation in both groups, intracranial tuberculoma was present only in the Mexican population (10%). Primary brain lymphoma was more prevalent in the U.S. population (8.4%). The different findings in the Mexican population likely reflect afflictions common to developing countries--a high prevalence of tuberculosis and a high mortality rate. These conditions preclude complications such as lymphoma, which develop later in the natural course of HIV infection.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , HIV-1 , Complexo AIDS Demência/epidemiologia , Complexo AIDS Demência/etiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias Encefálicas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Criptococose/epidemiologia , Criptococose/etiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/etiologia , Feminino , Herpes Zoster/epidemiologia , Herpes Zoster/etiologia , Humanos , Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva/epidemiologia , Leucoencefalopatia Multifocal Progressiva/etiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/epidemiologia , Linfoma não Hodgkin/etiologia , Masculino , Meningite Viral/epidemiologia , Meningite Viral/etiologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Texas/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Cerebral/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Cerebral/etiologia , Tuberculoma Intracraniano/epidemiologia , Tuberculoma Intracraniano/etiologiaRESUMO
A retrospective study was made on 9 cases with pains due to advanced head and neck cancer, attended to at the Pain Clinic of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology between 1988 and 1991. An epidural catheter was implanted to these patients at the CNS level for the administration of a morphine solution. 7 patients (77.8%) showed total pain relief; and 2 cases showed easily-controlled slight pains. The most frequent complications were; fever (3 cases) and alterations of the level of consciousness (2 cases). No infections were reported. The importance of an adequate preparation of the patient and a strict follow up, where oncology nursing personnel play an important role, is pointed out.
Assuntos
Analgesia Epidural/enfermagem , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/fisiopatologia , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Pesquisa em Enfermagem Clínica , Humanos , Morfina/uso terapêutico , Enfermagem Oncológica , Dor/etiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between late potentials and spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, organic heart disease, inducibility of arrhythmias at electrophysiological study and ejection fraction. METHODS: The population is comprised by 52 patients (41 men, 11 women with mean age 50 +/- 16 years) with spontaneous clinically documented ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. An electrophysiological study was performed with conventional programmed stimulation. Within a week of the test a study of late potentials was also performed. RESULTS: Late potentials were documented in 73% of the patients with ventricular tachycardia and only in 17% of the patients with ventricular fibrillation. Sixty-eight percent of the patients with ischemic cardiopathy presented late potentials and in these, ventricular tachycardia was inducible in 93%. Only one from a group of 7 patients with ventricular arrhythmias and no organic heart disease, presented late potentials. In patients with late potentials, 84% have inducible ventricular tachycardia, but only 26% of patients without late potentials have inducible ventricular tachycardia. The incidence of late potentials was inversely correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION: The presence of late potentials was more frequent in patients with ventricular tachycardia than in patients with ventricular fibrillation. The presence of late potentials has a sensibility of 81.5% and a specificity of 78% to detect patients with inducible ventricular tachycardia.
Assuntos
Eletrofisiologia , Taquicardia Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Fibrilação Ventricular/fisiopatologia , Potenciais de Ação , Adulto , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Taquicardia Ventricular/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Ventricular/diagnósticoRESUMO
A descriptive study of caries prevalence in peripheral urban and rural underprivileged groups was undertaken in self-selected populations demanding basic dental therapy in seven states of Mexico. Dental therapy services were delivered as part of a mobile oral health care program in the Mexican countryside implemented by the Dental School of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, during 1990 and 1991. Partial examination of clinical histories of 2,596 patients (mean age 21.8 years) revealed a mean DMFT (the sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth) of 9.21. Only 6.3 per cent of patients had DMFT = 0 and 10.7 per cent were caries-free. The largest component of DMFT were decayed teeth and the smallest one filled teeth. In general, results suggested that caries prevalence was high within the study populations, highlighting the little restorative treatment previously undertaken. The convenience of implementing oral health care schemes to deal with caries morbidity is discussed from the perspective of both the traditional dental treatment approach and preventive public health policies, taking into account the background of complex treatment needs present in these population groups.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Áreas de Pobreza , População Rural , População Urbana , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Criança , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Sexuais , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
AIDS is currently one of the most important and concerning diseases for dentists, both general and specialized. This review of the literature makes emphasis on the main biological, epidemiological, diagnostic and prognostic aspects of oral hairy leucoplakia which every dental care professionist should know, as well as the importance of those conditions in the evolutionary course of this disease.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Leucoplasia Oral , HIV , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Leucoplasia Oral/complicações , PrognósticoRESUMO
A correlation between clinical and X-ray findings with histopathology in teeth diagnosed as necrotic 30 permanent human teeth with a deep carious lesion associated with a periapical radiolucency were studied. Results were based on the histopathologic findings, correlated with clinical and radiographic data, analyzed underlight microscope. The clinically diagnosed necrotic teeth with a periapical radiolucency were 19 (63.33%), showed remnants of vital pulp tissue under histologic observation, mainly in the medium and apical root thirds, in multi-rooted teeth. Presence of infiltrated bacteria was also observed at dentinal tubules coronally. 11 teeth (36.66%) remnants did not show any evidence of vital pulp tissue, only total necrosis was observed. This group showed the presence of bacteria infiltrated at the dentinal tubules coronally and into the root canals.
Assuntos
Necrose da Polpa Dentária/patologia , Teste da Polpa Dentária , Adolescente , Adulto , Cárie Dentária/complicações , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periapicais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Periapicais/etiologia , Doenças Periapicais/patologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of sodium benzoate (SB) in a cirrotic population with chronic portal systemic encepalopathy (PSE), we performed a double blind, randomised, multicentric, clinical trial, comparing SB versus a standard therapy of lactitol (LA). To perform the study blind, syrups containing the two drugs were prepared. To date 27 patients have been studied. Of these, 12 received SB (5.6 g/day) and 15 received LA (29 g/day). Standard PSE parameters were assessed and hippurate urinary excretion was measured before and after the trial. For the SB group, basal and final PSE index were 0.39 +/- 0.16 and 0.17 +/- 0.1 respectively (p < 0.001). The Group on LA had a PSE index of 0.40 + 0.1 and 0.23 +/- 0.18 (basal and final respectively) (p < 0.001). The final hippurate excretion for SB group was 2498.9 mg/24 h. The hippurate excretion for the LA group suffer no changes (traces). No serious side effects were observed with either therapy. We suggested that SB is a safe, efficacious and comfortable alternate treatment for PSE.