RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of pressure ulcers (PU) in adult patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), as well as the outcome (including ICU and hospital mortality) of these patients. METHODS: Epidemiological cohort multicenter prospective study, evaluating patients admitted for a period of 31days (June 01 to July 01, 2015) until hospital discharge. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected daily until ICU discharge, as was the incidence of PU, either new or present on admission. SETTING: 10 general adult ICUs. RESULTS: We evaluated 332 patients, 52.1% male, mean age 63.1 years. The most common cause of admission was medical diseases (50.3%), and the mean APACHE II score was 14.9. A total of 45 patients (13.6%) had PU; the most common sites were sacral, calcaneal, ears, and trochanter. The incidence of PU was related to predictive factors, such as the Braden Scale and length of lack of nutrition. The presence of PU was strongly related to unfavorable outcomes, such as Mechanical Ventilation (MV) duration and ICU and hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: PU incidence is related to severity of the patient's condition and predicted by Braden Scale score. The presence of PU is also related to adverse outcomes, such as MV duration and ICU and hospital mortality. It was also shown that patients with PU have a higher incidence of medical complications, such as acute renal failure, pneumonia, and the need for vasoactive drugs.
Assuntos
Incidência , Úlcera por Pressão/patologia , APACHE , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estado Nutricional , Úlcera por Pressão/epidemiologia , Úlcera por Pressão/mortalidade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Introdução: A criocirurgia é uma forma segura e eficaz de tratamento que utiliza o nitrogênio líquido para destruição tecidual. Objetivo: Demonstrar a eficiência da criocirurgia no tratamento do tecido de granulação hipertrófico nas feridas cutâneas. Métodos: As feridas com tecido de granulação hipertrófico foram tratadas com o nitrogênio em spray aplicado a uma distância de 5cm da área em ângulo de 90º.O tempo de congelamento foi de 02 ciclos de 05 segundos e o número de sessões variou de 01 ou 03. A avaliação dos resultados foi feita através de comparação semanal, clínica e fotográfica, alem de mensuração da área das feridas e do tecido de granulação hipertrófico, através de um planímetro, até que se completasse o processo de cicatrização. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Foram tratados 20 pacientes com feridas cutâneas localizadas na cabeça, tronco e membros. A média do percentual de redução semanal em relação à área inicial foi de 32,5%. Os resultados tiveram significância estatística. Conclusões: A criocirurgia é um método prático, de baixo custo e pouco invasivo, podendo ser indicada para o tratamento do tecido de granulação hipertrófico nas feridas cutâneas.
Introduction: Cryosurgery is a safe and effective treatment modality that uses liquid nitrogen for tissue destruction. Objective: To demonstrate the effectiveness of cryosurgery in the treatment of hypertrophic granulation tissue in cutaneous wounds. Methods: Cutaneous wounds with hypertrophic granulation tissue were treated with the nitrogen spray applied from a distance of 5cm from the area to be treated, at a 90º angle. The freezing time was two 5-second cycles and the number of sessions ranged from 1 to 3. The assessments of results were based on weekly clinical and photographic comparisons, as well on the measurement of the wound's and hypertrophic granulation tissue's areas using a planimeter, up until the healing process was completed. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: Twenty patients with cutaneous wounds located on the head, trunk and limbs were treated. The average weekly percentage reduction compared to the baseline area was 32.5%. The results were statistically significant. Conclusions: Cryosurgery is a practical, cost effective and non-invasive method and can be indicated for the treatment of hypertrophic granulation tissue in cutaneous wounds.