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Microalgae have the potential to fix CO2 into valuable compounds. Low photosynthetic efficiency caused by low light was one of the challenges faced by microalgae carbon sequestration. In this study, Melatonin (MT) and indole-propionic acid (IPA) were used to alleviate the growth inhibition of Spirulina in CAMC system under low light restriction. The results showed that MT and IPA increased biomass and carbon fixation capacity. 10 mg/L IPA group achieved the maximum biomass and carbon fixation capacity, which were 17.11% and 21.46% higher than control. MT and IPA promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll, which in turn captured more light energy for microalgae growth. The increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities enhanced the resistance of microalgae to low light stress. MT and IPA promoted the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which was benefit to protect cells. The maximum phycocyanin content and yield was found in 10 mg-IPA group, which was 20.67% and 46.67% higher than control. MT and IPA improved the synthesis of carbohydrates and proteins and increased carbohydrates and proteins yield. This indicated that adding phytohormones was an effective method to alleviate the growth of microalgae restricted by low light stress, which provided a theoretical guidance for the application of CAMC system in CO2 capture and resource utilization.
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The chemical constituents in the ethanol extract of Viburnum utile were isolated by column chromatography with D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as NMR and MS. All the compounds were evaluated for the inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. Sixteen compounds were obtained and identified as viburnumide A(1), vitamin E(2), α-amyrin(3), α-tocoquinone(4), narjatamanin B(5), ethyl caffeate(6), naringenin(7), apigenin(8), ethyl ß-D-ribo-hex-3-ulopyranoside(9), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(10), amentoflavone(11), apigenin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside(12), luteolin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside(13), henryoside(14), ursolic acid(15), and 2α-hydroxy-oleanolic acid(16). Among them, compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2-16 were isolated from V. utile for the first time. The inhibitory activity(IC_(50) of 4.0 µmol·L~(-1)) of compound 11 against α-glucosidase was comparable to that of the positive control acarbose(IC_(50) of 2.3 µmol·L~(-1)).
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Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases , Viburnum , alfa-Glucosidases , Viburnum/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/farmacologia , alfa-Glucosidases/química , Estrutura Molecular , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Tidal marshes globally face escalating threats from rising sea levels. As critical determinants of tidal marsh platform elevation maintenance, the contributions of marsh soil compaction and subsidence (SCS) are often overshadowed by vertical accretion (VA). Here, we reveal the pervasive presence of the SCS within tidal marshes and its driving forces. Our results demonstrate that while vegetated regions can organize more efficient sediment accumulation, thereby promoting marsh elevation rise, they also contribute to an increase in SCS occurrences, which somewhat hinders marsh elevation growth. Through the established empirical model of SCS, we found that the amount of SCS in the investigated marshes with vegetation cover is twice that of marshes without vegetation. Therefore, from the perspective of SCS, it is imperative to account for the detrimental impact of vegetation on marsh elevation, as we have uncovered that this oversight may lead to an underestimation of the vulnerability of the investigated tidal marsh ecosystem by approximately 13.55 %. We also find that the adversarial game between vegetation colonization and sea-level rise governs the SCS in the self-organization of tidal marshes, but the intensifying inundation from sea-level rise ultimately determines the fate of the SCS. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of the game between sea-level rise and vegetation colonization in the self-organized elevation maintenance of tidal marshes.
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OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary infection is one of the leading causes of death in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). It is sometimes difficult to differentiate pulmonary infection from pulmonary involvement of vasculitis in AAV patients. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) assays are useful diagnostic methods. In addition to conventional microbiological tests (CMTs), metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) facilitates rapid and sensitive detection of various pathogens. The current study aimed to evaluate the advantages of additional BALF mNGS in the management of pulmonary infection in AAV patients. METHODS: 27 patients with active AAV and suspected pulmonary infection whose BALF samples were tested by mNGS and CMTs and 17 active AAV patients whose BALF were tested by CMTs alone were retrospectively recruited. The results of microbiological tests, and adjustments of treatment following BALF mNGS, were described. The durations of antimicrobial treatment and in-hospital mortality in patients were compared. RESULTS: Among the 27 patients whose BALF samples were tested by mNGS, 25.9% of patients did not have evidence of pathogenic microorganism in their BALF samples, 55.6% had polymicrobial infections, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Of these 27 patients, 40.7% did not have evidence of pathogenic microorganism in their BALF or serum samples according to CMTs. Patients in the BALF mNGS/CMT group received a significantly shorter duration of antibacterial and total antimicrobial treatment than patients in the CMT alone group (17.3 ± 14.7 vs. 27.9 ± 19.0 days, P = 0.044; 18.9 ± 15.0 vs. 29.5 ± 17.7 days, P = 0.040, respectively). Fewer patients in the BALF mNGS/CMT group died than in the CMT alone group (4/27 vs. 7/17, P = 0.049). CONCLUSION: Compared with CMT alone, additional mNGS tests may shorten the duration of antimicrobial treatment and possibly decrease death from severe infection by providing precise and quick diagnosis of infection.
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Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Metagenômica , Humanos , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/diagnóstico , Vasculite Associada a Anticorpo Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/microbiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Metagenômica/métodos , Broncoscopia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/tratamento farmacológico , AdultoRESUMO
Southern root-knot nematodes are among the most pernicious phytoparasites; they are responsible for substantial yield losses in agricultural crops worldwide. The limited availability of nematicides for the prevention and control of plant-parasitic nematodes necessitates the urgent development of novel nematicides. Natural products have always been a key source for the discovery of pesticides. Waltherione A, an alkaloid, exhibits potent nematocidal activity. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of quinoline and quinolone derivatives from Waltherione A, leveraging a strategy of structural simplification. Bioassays have revealed that the quinoline derivatives exhibit better activity than quinolone derivatives in terms of both nematocidal and fungicidal activities. Notably, compound D1 demonstrated strong nematocidal activity, with a 72 h LC50 of 23.06 µg/mL, and it effectively controlled the infection of root-knot nematodes on cucumbers. The structure-activity relationship suggests that the quinoline moiety is essential for the nematocidal efficacy of Waltherione A. Additionally, compound D1 exhibited broad-spectrum fungicidal activity, with an EC50 of 2.98 µg/mL against Botrytis cinerea. At a concentration of 200 µg/mL, it significantly inhibited the occurrence of B. cinerea on tomato fruits, with an inhibitory effect of 96.65%, which is slightly better than the positive control (90.30%).
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Antinematódeos , Antinematódeos/farmacologia , Antinematódeos/síntese química , Antinematódeos/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Animais , Desenho de Fármacos , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Cucumis sativus/parasitologia , Cucumis sativus/microbiologia , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/síntese química , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Quinolinas/síntese química , Nematoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Tylenchoidea/efeitos dos fármacos , Botrytis/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Quinolonas/química , Quinolonas/síntese química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The positive correlation between embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes has been confirmed in many studies, but there are few on the impact of embryo quality on neonatal weight, especially among neonates from fresh IVFâET cycles in ART. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the birth weights of infants from different blastocyst grades in fresh IVF-ET cycles and explore related factors affecting birth weight. METHODS: The main outcome measure was singleton birth weight. A total of 1301 fresh cycles of single blastocyst transplantation and single live birth profiles were retrospectively analyzed and divided into four groups according to blastocyst quality: the excellent group (grade AA), which included 170 cycles; the good group (grade AB/BA), which included 312 cycles; the average group (grade BB/CA/AC), which included 559 cycles; and the poor group (grade BC/CB), which included 260 cycles. The relationships among cystic cavity expansion, endocytic cell mass, ectodermal trophoblast cell grade, and birth weight were studied. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between blastocyst quality and neonatal birth weight and logistic regression for the risk factors for low birth weight newborns. RESULTS: With decreases in the blastocyst quality, including ICM, TE quality, and embryo expansion stage, birth weight declined, and Z scores correspondingly decreased. After adjusting for confounders, the average and poor groups (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively) and blastocysts with TE grade C (P = 0.022) resulted in singletons with lower birth weight. Additionally, the poor group and blastocysts with Grade C TEs had a greater chance of leading to low birth weight infants compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that excellent and good-grade blastocyst transplantation could achieve better pregnancy outcomes and that average and poor-grade blastocyst transplantation, especially with grade C TEs, were associated with single birth weight loss. No association was found between the embryo expansion stage or ICM quality and neonatal birth weight.
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Peso ao Nascer , Blastocisto , Transferência Embrionária , Fertilização in vitro , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Gravidez , Fertilização in vitro/métodos , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Blastocisto/citologia , Transferência Embrionária/métodos , Resultado da Gravidez , Recém-Nascido de Baixo Peso , Nascido VivoRESUMO
Common arterial grafts used in coronary artery bypass grafting include internal thoracic artery (ITA), radial artery (RA) and right gastroepiploic artery (RGA) grafts; of these, the ITA has the best clinical outcome. Here, by analyzing the single-cell transcriptome of different arterial grafts, we suggest optimization strategies for the RA and RGA based on the ITA as a reference. Compared with the ITA, the RA had more lipid-handling-related CD36+ endothelial cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells from the RGA were more susceptible to spasm, followed by those from the RA; comparison with the ITA suggested that potassium channel openers may counteract vasospasm. Fibroblasts from the RA and RGA highly expressed GDF10 and CREB5, respectively; both GDF10 and CREB5 are associated with extracellular matrix deposition. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed high levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the RA. Administration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibitor to mice with partial carotid artery ligation blocked neointimal hyperplasia induced by disturbed flow. Modulation of identified targets may have protective effects on arterial grafts.
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Artéria Torácica Interna , Animais , Humanos , Artéria Torácica Interna/transplante , Artéria Torácica Interna/metabolismo , Análise de Célula Única , Artéria Radial/transplante , Artéria Radial/metabolismo , Artéria Gastroepiploica/metabolismo , Artéria Gastroepiploica/transplante , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Masculino , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/citologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neointima/patologia , Neointima/metabolismo , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Comunicação Celular , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Transdução de Sinais , Transcriptoma , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Hiperplasia/metabolismo , Hiperplasia/patologia , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiac arrest after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a serious complication with low survival rate. The prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest in the general ward is worse than that in the intensive care unit (ICU) because of the delayed and poor rescue conditions. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who experienced cardiac arrest after CABG surgery between January 2010 and December 2019 at the Fuwai Hospital. Differences in cardiac arrest between the ICU and the general ward were compared. The patients were divided into shockable and non-shockable rhythm groups, and the differences between the two groups were compared. Finally, we proposed a management protocol for cardiac arrest in the general ward. RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed 41,450 patients who underwent CABG only, of whom 231 (0.56%) experienced cardiac arrest post-surgery in the ICU (185/231) or in the general ward (46/231). The rescue success rate and 30-day survival rate of the patients with cardiac arrest in the general ward were 76.1% (35/46) and 58.7% (27/46), respectively. The incidence of the different arrhythmia types of cardiac arrest in the general ward compared with that in the ICU was different (P = 0.010). The 30-day survival rate of the non-shockable rhythm group was 31.8% (7/22), which was worse than that of the shockable rhythm group (83.3% [20/24]; P = 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the prognosis of the non-shockable group was poor (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of cardiac arrest after CABG was low. The prognosis of patients in the general ward was worse than that of those in the ICU. The proportion of non-shockable rhythm type cardiac arrest was higher in the general ward than in the ICU, and patients in this group had a worse early prognosis.
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Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Parada Cardíaca , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Parada Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendências , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , IncidênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors and prognosis of spinal cord injury (SCI) after surgical procedure in type A aortic dissection (AAD). METHODS: Between January 2013 and December 2021, a total of 1647 patients with AAD underwent surgical procedure. Postoperative SCI occurred in 58 patients, including 24 patients with paraplegia and 34 patients with paraparesis. Factors associated with SCI were identified through comparison between patients with and without SCI. RESULTS: The mean age was 48.8 ± 10.8 years for patients with SCI and 50.1 ± 12.1 years for those without SCI (P = 0.43), with a comparable gender distribution. Median numbers of intercostal and lumbar arteries with involvement were significantly higher in the SCI group (both P < 0.001). The highest (P = 0.033) and lowest (P = 0.001) levels of intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) were significantly lower in the SCI group. Multivariable analysis revealed the number of segmental arteries involved (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% CI 1.08-1.20, P = 0.000), and the duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) (odds ratio = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.08, P = 0.042) was positively associated with the occurrence of SCI. Conversely, the lowest level of MAP was negatively associated with SCI (odds ratio = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, P = 0.031). During the long-term follow-up, 14 patients with paraplegia needed a wheel chair, while only 1 patient with paraparesis needed one (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of postoperative SCI increases when AAD patients experience segmental arteries involved, longer HCA duration and decreased intraoperative MAP during operation.
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Dissecção Aórtica , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Humanos , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Prognóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Paraplegia/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ear and temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (ETBSCC) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor with minimal clinicopathological studies. The object of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the predictive effect of clinicopathological variables on the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of ETBSCC patients in a single tertiary medical center in Tianjin, China. METHODS: A cohort of 44 patients with diagnosed ETBSCC from December 2012 to August 2022 were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis were, respectively, performed for the assessment of clinicopathological predictors, including sex, age, history of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), lesion side, diameter, the choice of surgical approach, parotidectomy, neck dissection, adjuvant therapies, T stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor grade, margin, perineural invasion (PNI), and Ki-67 index. RESULTS: Seventeen females and 27 males were included, with the mean age of 65 years old, ranging from 36 to 89 years. The 5-year OS rate was 43% (mean 51 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 39-64). Significant prediction of a worse prognosis for 5-year OS rate was observed under univariate analysis for advanced T stage, positive margin, identified PNI, and higher Ki-67 index, respectively. Advanced T stage was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor strongly affecting 5-year OS rate among this cohort of patients using a multivariate cox proportional hazard model. CONCLUSION: We found that clinicopathological parameters, especially postoperative pathological parameters, play a critical role in predicting the prognosis of ETBSCC patients.
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BACKGROUND: Studies on the relationship between the preoperative quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and parameters of intraoperative transit time flow measurement (TTFM) are extremely rare. In addition, the predictive value of QFR and TTFM parameters for early internal mammary artery (IMA) failure after coronary artery bypass grafting still needs to be validated.MethodsâandâResults: We retrospectively collected data from 510 patients who underwent in situ IMA grafting to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery at Fuwai Hospital. Spearman correlation coefficients between preoperative QFR of the LAD artery and intraoperative TTFM parameters of the IMA were -0.13 (P=0.004) for mean graft flow (Qm) and 0.14 (P=0.002) for the pulsatility index (PI). QFR and TTFM exhibited similar and good predictive value for early IMA failure (5.7% at 1 year), and they were better than percentage diameter stenosis (area under the curve 0.749 for QFR, 0.733 for Qm, 0.688 for PI, and 0.524 for percentage diameter stenosis). The optimal cut-off value of QFR was 0.765. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses revealed that QFR >0.765, Qm ≤15 mL/min, and PI >3.0 independently contributed to early IMA failure. CONCLUSIONS: There were statistically significant correlations between preoperative QFR of the LAD artery and intraoperative TTFM parameters (Qm, PI) of the IMA. Preoperative QFR and intraoperative Qm and PI exhibited excellent predictive value for early IMA failure.
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Planting has been widely adopted to battle the loss of salt marshes and to establish living shorelines. However, the drivers of success in salt marsh planting and their ecological effects are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we assemble a global database, encompassing 22,074 observations reported in 210 studies, to examine the drivers and impacts of salt marsh planting. We show that, on average, 53% of plantings survived globally, and plant survival and growth can be enhanced by careful design of sites, species selection, and novel planted technologies. Planting enhances shoreline protection, primary productivity, soil carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and fishery production (effect sizes = 0.61, 1.55, 0.21, 0.10 and 1.01, respectively), compared with degraded wetlands. However, the ecosystem services of planted marshes, except for shoreline protection, have not yet fully recovered compared with natural wetlands (effect size = -0.25, 95% CI -0.29, -0.22). Fortunately, the levels of most ecological functions related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity increase with plantation age when compared with natural wetlands, and achieve equivalence to natural wetlands after 5-25 years. Overall, our results suggest that salt marsh planting could be used as a strategy to enhance shoreline protection, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration.
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Biodiversidade , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Áreas Alagadas , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Mudança Climática , Ecossistema , Solo/química , Sequestro de Carbono , Pesqueiros , PlantasRESUMO
As a continuous flow investigation of novel pesticides from natural quinolizidine alkaloids, the chemical compositions of the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides were thoroughly researched. Fifteen new aloperine-type alkaloids (1-15) as well as six known aloperine-type alkaloids (16-21) were obtained from the extract of S. alopecuroides. The structures of 1-21 were confirmed via HRESIMS, NMR, UV, IR, ECD calculations, and X-ray diffraction. The antiviral activities of 1-21 against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected following the improved method of half-leaf. Compared with ningnanmycin (protective: 69.7% and curative: 64.3%), 15 exhibited excellent protective (71.7%) and curative (64.6%) activities against TMV. Further biological studies illustrated that 15 significantly inhibited the transcription of the TMV-CP gene and increased the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). The antifungal activities of 1-21 against Phytophythora capsica, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, and Gibberella zeae were screened according to a mycelial inhibition test. Compound 13 displayed excellent antifungal activity against B. cinerea (EC50: 7.38 µg/mL). Moreover, in vitro antifungal mechanism studies displayed that 13 causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species and finally leads to mycelia cell membrane damage and cell death in vitro.
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Alcaloides , Quinolizidinas , Sophora , Vírus do Mosaico do Tabaco , Antifúngicos , Sophora/química , Alcaloides/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/química , Sementes/químicaRESUMO
Adolescents' family obligation is a cultural strength that shows enduring prevalence in China. Given that the meaning of family obligation has undergone rapid changes in recent decades, it is crucial to examine the role of family obligation in adolescent adjustment in contemporary China. More importantly, although past research has investigated the consequences of family obligation on adolescents' adjustment, little is known about the antecedents of Chinese adolescents' family obligation. Using a two-wave longitudinal sample of 450 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 13.78 years, SD = .71 years; 49% female) and their parents, the current research explored two questions. First, this study examined the role of family obligation in adolescents' academic achievement, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems over early adolescence. Second, this study explored the role of parents in predicting Chinese adolescents' family obligation, specifically whether parental expectations or parental acceptance was predictive of adolescents' family obligation over time. Third, this study investigated whether family obligation is an underlying mechanism between parenting and Chinese adolescents' adjustment. Results showed that Chinese adolescents' family obligation was longitudinally associated with increased academic achievement and reduced externalizing problems. Moreover, perceived parental acceptance, but not parental expectations, was longitudinally associated with Chinese adolescents' greater family obligation. Notably, family obligation mediated the longitudinal effect of parental acceptance on Chinese adolescents' externalizing problems. By studying both the consequences and antecedents of Chinese adolescents' family obligation, this study helps provide a comprehensive understanding of this cultural strength.
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Relações Pais-Filho , Poder Familiar , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Masculino , China/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Relações Pais-Filho/etnologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Sucesso Acadêmico , Pais/psicologia , População do Leste AsiáticoRESUMO
Through bioassay-guided isolation, eight undescribed coumarins (1-8), along with six reported coumarins (9-14), were obtained from Coriaria nepalensis. The new structures were determined by using IR, UV, NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. The results of the biological activity assays showed that compound 9 exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activities against all tested fungi in vitro and a significant inhibitory effect on Phytophthora nicotianae with an EC50 value of 3.00 µg/mL. Notably, compound 9 demonstrated greater curative and protective effects against tobacco balack shank than those of osthol in vivo. Thus, 9 was structurally modified to obtain new promising antifungal agents, and the novel derivatives (17b, 17j, and 17k) exhibited better effects on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum than did lead compound 9. Preliminary mechanistic exploration illustrated that 9 could enhance cell membrane permeability, destroy the morphology and ultrastructure of cells, and reduce the exopolysaccharide content of P. nicotianae mycelia. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity results revealed that compound 9 exhibited relatively low cytotoxicity against HEK293 cell lines with an inhibition rate of 33.54% at 30 µg/mL. This research is promising for the discovery of new fungicides from natural coumarins with satisfactory ecological compatibility.
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Fungicidas Industriais , Magnoliopsida , Humanos , Células HEK293 , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Nicotiana , Cumarínicos/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Postoperative paraplegia is the major concern with the frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure in patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). It is crucial to identify patients with a high risk of paraplegia before implementing the FET procedure. METHODS: From January 2013 to December 2018, 544 patients with ATAAD who underwent FET procedures were included in this study. The segment number of posterior false lumens (PFLs) between T9 and L2 levels was calculated. In-hospital outcomes and long-term survival were investigated on the basis of the number of PFLs. RESULTS: The average age was 46.5 ± 9.9 years, and the proportion of female patients was 19.5% in this cohort. The incidence of postoperative paraplegia was significantly increased when PFL was present in 3 or more segments. Patients were divided into a high-PFL group (3-6 segments; n = 124) and a low-PFL group (0-2 segments; n = 420). The demographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Involvement of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery was significantly lower in the high-PFL group (all P < .05). The other baseline characteristics and procedural information were statistically balanced. The incidence of postoperative paraplegia was significantly higher in the high-PHL group (7.3% vs 1.9;P = .006). Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that high PFL was independently associated with postoperative paraplegia after an FET procedure (odds ratio, 3.812; 95% CI, 1.378-10.550; P = .010). Additionally, the moderate nasopharyngeal temperature of hypothermic circulatory arrest (â§23.0 °C) was clarified as a protective factor for paraplegia (odds ratio, 0.112; 95% CI, 0.023-0.535; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ATAAD who present with high PFL between T9 and L2 levels have a significantly high risk of postoperative paraplegia if they undergo an FET procedure.
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Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica , Dissecção Aórtica , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Paraplegia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Feminino , Dissecção Aórtica/cirurgia , Paraplegia/etiologia , Paraplegia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Implante de Prótese Vascular/métodos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Adulto , IncidênciaRESUMO
As part of our ongoing investigation of natural bioactive substances from the genus Thermopsis of the tribe Fabaceae for agricultural protection, the chemical constituents of the herb Thermopsis lupinoides were systematically investigated, which led to the isolation of 39 quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) (1-39), including 14 new QAs (1-14) and 14 isoflavones (40-53). Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (IR, UV, NMR, HRESIMS), ECD calculations, and X-ray crystallography. The antitomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and antifungal (against Botrytis cinerea, Gibberella zeae, Phytophythora capsica, and Alternaria alternata) and insecticidal (against Aphis fabae and Tetranychus urticae) activities of the isolated compounds were screened using the lesion counting method, mycelial inhibition assay, and spray method, respectively. The bioassay results showed that 34 exhibited excellent protective activity against TSWV, with an EC50 value of 36.04 µg/mL, which was better than that of the positive control, ningnanmycin (86.03 µg/mL). The preliminary mechanistic exploration illustrated that 34 induced systemic acquired resistance in the host plant by acting on the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Moreover, 1 showed significant antifungal activity against B. cinerea (EC50 value of 20.83 µg/mL), while 2 exhibited good insecticidal activity against A. fabae (LC50 value of 24.97 µg/mL). This research is promising for the invention of novel pesticides from QAs with high efficiency and satisfactory ecological compatibility.
Assuntos
Fabaceae , Fungicidas Industriais , Inseticidas , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Fungicidas Industriais/farmacologia , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Alcaloides Quinolizidínicos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Inseticidas/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The glucose derivative 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (OMG) is used as a cryoprotectant in freezing cells. However, its protective role and the related mechanism in static cold storage (CS) of organs are unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of OMG on cod ischemia damage in cold preservation of donor kidney. METHODS: Pretreatment of OMG on kidney was performed in an isolated renal cold storage model in rats. LDH activity in renal efflux was used to evaluate the cellular damage. Indicators including iron levels, mitochondrial damage, MDA level, and cellular apoptosis were measured. Kidney quality was assessed via a kidney transplantation (KTx) model in rats. The grafted animals were followed up for 7 days. Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and inflammatory response were assessed by biochemical and histological analyses. RESULTS: OMG pretreatment alleviated prolonged CS-induced renal damage as evidenced by reduced LDH activities and tubular apoptosis. Kidney with pCS has significantly increased iron, MDA, and TUNEL+ cells, implying the increased ferroptosis, which has been partly inhibited by OMG. OMG pretreatment has improved the renal function (p <0.05) and prolonged the 7-day survival of the grafting recipients after KTx, as compared to the control group. OMG has significantly decreased inflammation and tubular damage after KTx, as evidenced by CD3-positive cells and TUNEL-positive cells. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that OMG protected kidney against the prolonged cold ischemia-caused injuries through inhibiting ferroptosis. Our results suggested that OMG might have potential clinical application in cold preservation of donor kidney.
Assuntos
Ferroptose , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Ratos , Animais , 3-O-Metilglucose/farmacologia , Isquemia Fria/efeitos adversos , Preservação de Órgãos/métodos , Rim , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Isquemia/patologia , FerroRESUMO
Three new quinolizidine alkaloids (1 - 3), including one new naturally isoflavone and cytisine polymer (3), along with 6 known ones were isolated from the ethanol extract of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis (IR, UV, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), combined with ECD calculations. The antifungal activity against Phytophythora capsica, Botrytis cinerea, Gibberella zeae, and Alternaria alternata of the compounds was evaluated in a mycelial inhibition assay. Biological tests indicated that compound 3 exhibited strong antifungal activity against P. capsica with EC50 values of 17.7 µg/ml.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Sophora , Alcaloides Quinolizidínicos , Sophora/química , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Raízes de Plantas/química , Alcaloides/química , Estrutura MolecularRESUMO
CO2 absorption-microalgae conversion (CAMC) system is a promising carbon capture and utilization technology. However, the use of HCO3- as a carbon source often led to a slower growth rate of microalgae, which also limited the application of CAMC system. In this study, the assimilation efficiency of HCO3- in CAMC system was improved through mixotrophic, and the potential mechanism was investigated. The HCO3- assimilation efficiency and biomass under mixotrophic were 34.79% and 31.76% higher than that of control. Mixotrophic increased chlorophyll and phycocyanin content, which were beneficial to capture more light energy. The content of ATP and NADPH reached 566.86 µmol/gprot and 672.86 nmol/mgprot, which increased by 31.83% and 27.67% compared to autotrophic. The activity of carbonic anhydrase and Rubisco increased by 18.52% and 22.08%, respectively. Transcriptome showed that genes related to photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport were up-regulated. The synergy of photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation greatly improved energy metabolism efficiency, thus accelerating the assimilation of HCO3-. These results revealed a potential mechanism of promoting the HCO3- assimilation under mixotrophic, it also provided a guidance for using CAMC system to serve carbon neutrality.