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1.
BMC Pediatr ; 15: 170, 2015 Nov 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26546280

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The world health organization (WHO) and the Identification and prevention of dietary- and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants- study (IDEFICS), released anthropometric reference values obtained from normal body weight children. This study examined the relationship between WHO [body mass index (BMI) and triceps- and subscapular-skinfolds], and IDEFICS (waist circumference, waist to height ratio and fat mass index) anthropometric indices with cardiometabolic risk factors in pre-school children ranging from normal body weight to obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 232 children (aged 4.1 ± 0.05 years) was performed. Anthropometric measurements were collected and BMI, waist circumference, waist to height ratio, triceps- and subscapular-skinfolds sum and fat mass index were calculated. Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model analysis insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipids and apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 (Apo B) and Apo A-I were determined. Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were run. RESULTS: 51% (n = 73) of the boys and 52% (n = 47) of the girls were of normal body weight, 49% (n = 69) of the boys and 48% (n = 43) of the girls were overweight or obese. Anthropometric indices correlated (p < 0.001) with insulin: [BMI (r = 0.514), waist circumference (r = 0.524), waist to height ratio (r = 0.304), triceps- and subscapular-skinfolds sum (r = 0.514) and fat mass index (r = 0.500)], and HOMA-IR: [BMI (r = 0.509), waist circumference (r = 0.521), waist to height ratio (r = 0.296), triceps- and subscapular-skinfolds sum (r = 0.483) and fat mass index (r = 0.492)]. Similar results were obtained after adjusting by age and sex. The areas under the curve (AUC) to identify children with insulin resistance were significant (p < 0.001) and similar among anthropometric indices (AUC > 0.68 to AUC < 0.76). CONCLUSIONS: WHO and IDEFICS anthropometric indices correlated similarly with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. The diagnostic accuracy of the anthropometric indices as a proxy to identify children with insulin resistance was similar. These data do not support the use of waist circumference, waist to height ratio, triceps- and subscapular- skinfolds sum or fat mass index, instead of the BMI as a proxy to identify pre-school children with insulin resistance, the most frequent alteration found in children ranging from normal body weight to obesity.


Assuntos
Antropometria/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/etiologia , Obesidade/complicações , Medição de Risco/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Doenças Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
2.
PLoS One ; 9(1): e85557, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24465599

RESUMO

The long-term goal of our study is to understand the internal organization of the octocoral stem canals, as well as their physiological and functional role in the growth of the colonies, and finally to assess the influence of climatic changes on this species. Here we focus on imaging tools, namely acquisition and processing of three-dimensional high-resolution images, with emphasis on automated extraction of canal pathways. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of the whole process, to point out and solve - if possible - technical problems related to the specimen conditioning, to determine the best acquisition parameters and to develop necessary image-processing algorithms. The pathways extracted are expected to facilitate the structural analysis of the colonies, namely to help observing the distribution, formation and number of canals along the colony. Five volumetric images of Muricea muricata specimens were successfully acquired by X-ray computed tomography with spatial resolution ranging from 4.5 to 25 micrometers. The success mainly depended on specimen immobilization. More than [Formula: see text] of the canals were successfully detected and tracked by the image-processing method developed. Thus obtained three-dimensional representation of the canal network was generated for the first time without the need of histological or other destructive methods. Several canal patterns were observed. Although most of them were simple, i.e. only followed the main branch or "turned" into a secondary branch, many others bifurcated or fused. A majority of bifurcations were observed at branching points. However, some canals appeared and/or ended anywhere along a branch. At the tip of a branch, all canals fused into a unique chamber. Three-dimensional high-resolution tomographic imaging gives a non-destructive insight to the coral ultrastructure and helps understanding the organization of the canal network. Advanced image-processing techniques greatly reduce human observer's effort and provide methods to both visualize and quantify the structures of interest.


Assuntos
Antozoários/anatomia & histologia , Imageamento Tridimensional , Algoritmos , Animais , Microtomografia por Raio-X
3.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 23(3): 3521-3528, sept. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-656539

RESUMO

En este artículo se presenta un software de código abierto, llamado CreaTools, cuyo principal objetivo es el procesar y facilitar la visualización de imágenes médicas. Este software flexible funciona en diferentes sistemas operativos (Linux, Mac OS X, Windows), se desarrolla en el lenguaje de programación C++ para asegurar una fácil integración de módulos C++ y proporciona a los usuarios herramientas computacionales para construir interfaces gráficas de usuario (GUI), incluidos los datos de entrada/salida (manejo de archivos), la visualización, la interacción y el procesamiento de datos. Este artículo muestra también la utilidad de CreaTools mediante un proyecto de investigación que consiste en la detección automática de lesiones arteriales. Los algoritmos desarrollados han sido implementados en una interfaz gráfica amigable con visualización 3D e interacción. Ejemplos de tales algoritmos incluyen la extracción de ejes de arterias y la generación de modelos descriptivos de arterias con lesiones y sin lesiones.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Cardiovasculares , Vasos Coronários , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador
4.
Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg ; 6(2): 163-74, 2011 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20549375

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The goal is to automatically detect anomalous vascular cross-sections to attract the radiologist's attention to possible lesions and thus reduce the time spent to analyze the image volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assume that both lesions and calcifications can be considered as local outliers compared to a normal cross-section. Our approach uses an intensity metric within a machine learning scheme to differentiate normal and abnormal cross-sections. It is formulated as a Density Level Detection problem and solved using a Support Vector Machine (DLD-SVM). The method has been evaluated on 42 synthetic phantoms and on 9 coronary CT data sets annotated by 2 experts. RESULTS: The specificity of the method was 97.57% on synthetic data, and 86.01% on real data, while its sensitivity was 82.19 and 81.23%, respectively. The agreement with the observers, measured by the kappa coefficient, was substantial (κ = 0.72). After the learning stage, which is performed off-line, the average processing time was within 10 s per artery. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use the DLD-SVM approach to detect vascular abnormalities. Good specificity, sensitivity and agreement with experts, as well as a short processing time, show that our method can facilitate medical diagnosis and reduce evaluation time by attracting the reader's attention to suspect regions.


Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Imagens de Fantasmas , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
5.
Acta biol. colomb ; 15(3): 197-212, dic. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-635039

RESUMO

En este artículo se describen las adaptaciones hechas al algoritmo MARACAS para segmentar y cuantificar estructuras vasculares en imágenes TAC de la arteria carótida. El algoritmo MARACAS, que está basado en un modelo elástico y en un análisis de los valores y vectores propios de la matriz de inercia, fue inicialmente diseñado para segmentar una sola arteria en imágenes ARM. Las modificaciones están principalmente enfocadas a tratar las especificidades de las imágenes TAC, así como la presencia de bifurcaciones. Los algoritmos implementados en esta nueva versión se clasifican en dos niveles. 1. Los procesamientos de bajo nivel (filtrado de ruido y de artificios direccionales, presegmentación y realce) destinados a mejorar la calidad de la imagen y presegmentarla. Estas técnicas están basadas en información a priori sobre el ruido, los artificios y los intervalos típicos de niveles de gris del lumen, del fondo y de las calcificaciones. 2. Los procesamientos de alto nivel para extraer la línea central de la arteria, segmentar el lumen y cuantificar la estenosis. A este nivel, se aplican conocimientos a priori sobre la forma y anatomía de las estructuras vasculares. El método fue evaluado en 31 imágenes suministradas en el concurso Carotid Lumen Segmentation and Stenosis Grading Grand Challenge 2009. Los resultados obtenidos en la segmentación arrojaron un coeficiente de similitud de Dice promedio de 80,4% comparado con la segmentación de referencia, y el error promedio de la cuantificación de estenosis fue 14,4%.


This paper describes the adaptations of MARACAS algorithm to the segmentation and quantification of vascular structures in CTA images of the carotid artery. The MARACAS algorithm, which is based on an elastic model and on a multi-scale eigen-analysis of the inertia matrix, was originally designed to segment a single artery in MRA images. The modifications are primarily aimed at addressing the specificities of CT images and the bifurcations. The algorithms implemented in this new version are classified into two levels. 1. The low-level processing (filtering of noise and directional artifacts, enhancement and pre-segmentation) to improve the quality of the image and to pre-segment it. These techniques are based on a priori information about noise, artifacts and typical gray levels ranges of lumen, background and calcifications. 2. The high-level processing to extract the centerline of the artery, to segment the lumen and to quantify the stenosis. At this level, we apply a priori knowledge of shape and anatomy of vascular structures. The method was evaluated on 31 datasets from the Carotid Lumen Segmentation and Stenosis Grading Grand Challenge 2009. The segmentation results obtained an average of 80:4% Dice similarity score, compared to reference segmentations, and the mean stenosis quantification error was 14.4%.

6.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 20(3): 2702-2707, sept. 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-588751

RESUMO

En este artículo se propone un modelo estadístico de volumen parcial (VP) para mejorar la segmentación 3D de imágenes de tomografía computarizada (TC) cardiaca. Los efectos causados por el VP representan un reto en la separación arterial de las cavidades cardiacas, porque causan desbordamientos y segmentaciones erróneas. La propuesta incluye un campo aleatorio de Markov junto con un esquema de pesos modificado. Además, se utilizaron fantasmas sintéticos para evaluar la precisión del método, así como para determinar los parámetros de configuración ideales. Se usaron las imágenes de ocho pacientes, a fin de evaluar el método sobre datos reales, y se comparó el desempeño del esquema de pesos modificado con el esquema tradicional. También se demostró la capacidad del método para mejorar la segmentación cuando se usa en conjunto con un algoritmo de extracción de la línea central arterial.


In this article it is proposed a statistic model of Partial Volume (VP in spanish) to improve the 3D segmentation of Heart CT images. The effects caused by the VP represent a challenge in the arterial separation of the heart cavities because they cause overflowing and wrong segmentations. The proposal includes a random Markov field along to a modified weight scheme. Besides, synthetic ghosts where used to asses the precision of the method as well as to determine the parameters of ideal settings. The images of eight patients were used to evaluate the method based on real data and the performance of the modified weight scheme was compared with the traditional scheme. The ability of the method to improve the segmentation was proved when it was used along with a central arterial line extraction algorithm.


Assuntos
Vasos Coronários , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
7.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 18(4): 2225-2232, dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-522683

RESUMO

Este artículo presenta un método para la generación de modelos vasculares en 3D, a partir de imágenes de resonancia magnética (IRM), usando un algoritmo de fast marching. Los principales aportes del método propuesto en este artículo son la utilización de la imagen original como base para la definición de la función de velocidad que rige el desplazamiento de la interfaz y la selección automática del tiempo en el cual la interfaz logra segmentar la arteria. El método fue validado en imágenes de arterias carótidas patológicas y de fantasmas vasculares. Una apreciación cualitativa de los modelos vasculares obtenidos muestra una extracción adecuada de la pared vascular. Una validación cuantitativa demostró que los modelos generados dependen de la escogencia de los parámetros del algoritmo, al inducir un error máximo de 1,34 vóxeles en el diámetro de las estenosis medidas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Arteriosclerose , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Modelos Teóricos
8.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18002075

RESUMO

This work deals with the segmentation of the arterial lumen in cross-sections of CT angiography (CTA) images, by means of active contours. Within the context of the fast-marching method, a new speed-control function is proposed in order to cope with strongly variable contrasts along the perimeter of the contour. This function was devised to guarantee the existence of a time T at which the fast-marching front fits the actual boundary of the vessel lumen, despite calcifications and other neighboring structures. Instead of using the magnitude of the image intensity gradient alone, this function includes exponential factors that strongly decrease the propagation speed when the front moves beyond the local maxima of the gradient magnitude and beyond the range of luminal intensities in CTA images. The propagation is stopped when the the growth of the area A encompassed by the front becomes very slow, which is characterized by a large value of dT/dA . The segmentation was evaluated in 65 cross-sections of carotid arteries from 13 different patients, by comparison with contours traced by a radiologist. The mean sensitivity was 0.849 and the mean positive predictive value was 0.797.


Assuntos
Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Angiografia , Humanos
9.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 17(4): 2028-2036, dic. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-521408

RESUMO

Este artículo describe un método para la extracción automática de estructuras vasculares en imágenes médicas en 3D. El método utiliza un algoritmo iterativo que adiciona puntos al esqueleto del vaso y detecta bifurcaciones que analizan el contenido de una esfera que se mueve a lo largo de su línea central. En cada iteración se realiza una segmentación (extracción del vaso) local dentro de la esfera. Esta acción emplea un algoritmo de K-medias, que separa vaso y fondo utilizando métricas diferentes para cada grupo; adicionalmente, una medida del cilindricidad, basada en la comparación del volumen segmentado contra un modelo construido del vaso, se usa como el criterio de parada del algoritmo. El método fue aplicado a 16 ARM y a 12 TC 3D de diversas regiones anatómicas: arterias carótidas, árbol pulmonar, arterias coronarias y aorta. El algoritmo detectó y manejó eficientemente las bifurcaciones. Cada imagen fue procesada en menos de cinco minutos, lo cual es bastante rápido como para ser utilizada en una rutina clínica.


Assuntos
Humanos , Artérias , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Esqueleto , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
10.
Rev. colomb. radiol ; 16(3): 1768-1778, sept. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-521523

RESUMO

Este artículo presenta un método de segmentación vascular y caracterización de placas ateroscleróticas en imágenes de tomografía computarizada 3D. El primer paso hacia este objetivo es la extracción de la línea central de la arteria por medio de un método de esqueleto extensible. Este método utiliza un esquema estimaciónpredicción iterativo, análisis multiescala de momentos de la imagen y un modelo de forma de segundo orden. Los contornos vasculares y de placas son detectados en una segunda etapa sobre los planos localmente perpendiculares a la línea central. Los puntos de los contornos están determinados por una búsqueda de los máximos locales del gradiente de intensidad, calculado en direcciones radiales a partir del punto del eje central de la arteria. Resultados experimentales son presentados sobre imágenes diagnósticas 3D de arterias carótidas patológicas.


Assuntos
Humanos , Arteriosclerose , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia
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