RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the hypothesis that children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their parents would show more maladaptive behaviors during dinner than children without CF and their parents. STUDY DESIGN: Children with CF (n = 32) and their parents were compared with 29 children without CF and their parents on the rate and frequency of parent-child behaviors during a typical dinner in the families' homes by using multivariate analyses of variance. RESULTS: When the rate of behavior, controlling for meal length, was examined, no differences were found between groups. However, parents of children with CF were found to differ from parents of control subjects in the frequency of direct and indirect commands (P <.05), coaxes (P <.01), physical prompts (P <.01), and feeding their child (P <.05). Children with CF were found to engage in more talk, spend more time away from the table, refuse food, and exhibit more noncompliance toward commands to eat than control children (P <.05 for all child variables). When behaviors were examined as a function of meal phase, parents of children with and without CF both showed an increase in commands (P <.01), coaxes (P <.05), feeds (P <.01), and physical prompts (P <.01) in the second half of the meal as compared with the first. Children with CF and the control children showed an increase in behaviors incompatible with eating during the second half of the meal compared with the first (P <.01). When faster eaters were compared with slower eaters, faster eaters consumed a higher percentage of the recommended daily allowance of energy (P <.01) than slower eaters and showed a trend to be at higher weight percentiles for age and sex (P =.08) regardless of group (CF or control). CONCLUSIONS: Children with CF and their parents do not differ from children without CF and their parents in the rate of behaviors exhibited or types of strategies used to encourage eating. However, children with CF and their parents engage in these behaviors more frequently. Our data do not support typical parenting behaviors as effective in meeting the CF dietary requirements. Additional support in the form of child behavior management training may be needed to assist parents in meeting their child's caloric requirements.
Assuntos
Comportamento Infantil , Fibrose Cística/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Relações Pais-Filho , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Registros de Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Poder Familiar , Gravação de VideoteipeRESUMO
This article reports results of a World AIDS Foundation-funded training programme in North-Eastern Brazil. Training objectives were: (1) to increase the effectiveness of existing medical and behavioural HIV-related services; (2) to prepare professionals to implement and evaluate social skills-based AIDS prevention programmes incorporating metacontingency systems; (3) to prepare professionals to disseminate training content in North-Eastern Brazil; and (4) to promote local involvement in regional AIDS programme planning. Fifty-eight health and behavioural sciences leaders from 5 North-Eastern Brazilian states represented a variety of institutions actually or potentially involved in AIDS prevention. Training activities focused on programme planning and evaluation and social skills training. Written pre- and post-test data indicate that all participants had a basic understanding of AIDS transmission at baseline. Significant knowledge increases (p < 0.01) resulted in all domains trained except for programme evaluation. For the two social skills evaluated (Condom Use Negotiation and Social Skills Trainer), significant improvements (p < 0.01) resulted in verbal and non-verbal content, assertiveness and anxiety, with the exception of near-significant levels (p < 0.10) achieved for assertiveness and anxiety on the 'Trainer' skill. Participants cofacilitated follow-up trainings in their respective states. These trainings demonstrated a successful model for technology transfer. More focused training is needed in programme design and evaluation methods.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde , Ocupações em Saúde/educação , Programas Médicos Regionais/organização & administração , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Competência Clínica , Currículo , Avaliação Educacional , Feminino , Planejamento em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de SaúdeRESUMO
International reports of morbidity among female workers in Mexico's border zone have raised concern about the occupational health of female workers in maquiladora plants (foreign-owned border industries with special tariff benefits). Commentators have suggested that U.S. industries may be exploiting workers by transferring work to nations with less stringent health and safety regulation through the maquiladora program. Using data from a larger evaluation of the effectiveness of Project Concern and a specially developed questionnaire, this study investigated the extent to which female workers reported higher morbidity rates than women with other employment and women not employed outside the home in seven colonias (communities) in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Results showed essentially no difference in many short-term self-reported symptoms of illness among maquiladora workers and two other groups. Women who worked exclusively in the home reported the greatest number of symptoms. These results suggest that additional primary care services may be needed for women who have primarily domestic responsibilities. Additional research is needed to assess the risks for long-latency morbidity.