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Pulmonary loborraphy can be performed using manual sutures and staples, although other methods, such as tissue adhesives, are also cited in the veterinary literature. Although the surgery is well tolerated in the canine species, failure in pulmonary aerostasis is still a reality since all the methods described so far eventually lead to air leakage after the use of the partial lobectomy technique in the lungs. Within this context, the aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of different hermetic sealing methods after partial lobectomy of the right caudal lung lobe (RCLL) in dogs. 30 cadavers models were divided in 6 groups: G1-cobbler suture associated with simple continuous; G2-overlapping continuous suture associated with simple continuous suture; G3-Ford interlocking suture; G4-Stapling device; G5-Tissue glue (cyanoacrylate). After performing the sealing techniques, the lungs were submerged in water and inflated with oxygen at positive ventilatory pressures at physiological (up to 14.7 mmHg, which is equivalent to up to 20 cmH2O) and supraphysiological levels (above 14.7 mmHg) to evaluate the performance of the sealing methods. At physiological ventilatory pressure levels, there was no difference between groups. Sealing with surgical glue was superior to interlocking sutures and stapling devices at supraphysiological levels of ventilatory pressure.

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Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a relatively common neoplasia, occurring mainly in the skin, spleen, liver and right atrium. Despite the numerous studies investigating the treatment of canine HSA, no significant improvement in survival has been achieved in the last 20 years. Advancements in genetic and molecular profiling presented molecular similarities between canine HSA and human angiosarcoma. It could therefore serve as a valuable model for investigating new and more effective treatments in people and dogs. The most common genetic abnormalities in canine HSA have been found in the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) pathways. Mutations are also found in tumor protein p53 (TP53), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). Known abnormal protein expression could be exploited to trial new target treatments that could be beneficial for both canine and human patients. Despite the high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR), no correlation with overall survival time has ever been found. In this review, we explore the most recent developments in molecular profiling in canine HSA and discuss their possible applications in the prognosis and treatment of this fatal disease.

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Introduction: Dogs' axillary lymph node (ALN) is often difficult to locate before surgical resection. The anatomical location of ALN often discourages Veterinarians from surgical lymphadenectomy. Considering the limited literature available, the actual incidence of metastases and the prognostic relevance are poorly understood. Methods: A non-randomized, prospective clinical study was conducted with female dogs (n = 41) with mammary gland tumor (MGT) in the thoracic or cranial abdominal mammary glands. The study investigated the risks of ALN metastasis based on tumors clinical findings, tumor size, histopathological diagnosis and grade. The main aim of this study was to compare ALN resection with or without patent blue 2.5% (PB) dye injection for sentinel lymph node visualization. A total of 46 mastectomies were performed and five animals underwent two mastectomies. In the first group, 17 patients underwent a mastectomy and lymphadenectomy without PB injection (G1). In contrast, in the second group, 24 patients also received PB injections for sentinel lymph node mapping (G2). The ALN was identified in 38/46 cases (82%). The ALN was identified and excised in only 58% of surgeries in G1(19/46), while in group 2, the lymph node was identified in 92% of the cases and resected in 100% of the cases. The use of PB improves ALN's identification and reduces the surgical resection time in dogs with MGT. Results and discussion: Surgical time differed between the two groups, as it was significantly shorter in the PB injection group compared to group 1 (80 vs. 45 min) (p < 0.0001). The overall frequency of ALN metastasis was 32%. Macroscopic abnormalities in the lymph nodes, tumor size (>3 cm), and diagnosis of anaplastic carcinoma or grade II/III mammary gland tumors were associated with a higher probability of ALN metastasis. Metastases in the ALNs are more common, in dogs presenting with tumors larger than 3 cm and diagnosed with aggressive histological subtypes. The ALNs should be removed for correct staging, prognostic evaluation, and decision for adjuvant therapy.

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Background: Canine T-zone lymphoma (TZL) is recognized as an indolent CD45-T cell lymphoma, with low aggressiveness and high overall survival. The diagnosis is obtained by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, but also by cytological examination of the lymph node associated with immunophenotyping. Lymphocytosis is commonly identified as around 10,000 cells/µl and may reach 30,760 cells/µl. Case Description: The present report describes a case of a female Golden Retriever, nine years old, with generalized lymphadenopathy. In the cytological examination of the superficial cervical lymph node, a monomorphic population of small, "clear cells" and "hand mirror" lymphocyte shape was suggestive of TZL. The leukogram showed intense leukocytosis (160,050 cells/µl) due to small clear cell lymphocytosis (152,048 cells/µl). The myelogram showed a myeloid:erythroid ratio of 2:3; with a pyramidal distribution of cell types and the presence of 22.8% of lymphocytes in the differential count. Bone marrow, peripheral blood, and lymph node immunophenotyping resulted in lymphocyte gates with 97.3% to 99.5% CD5+, predominantly CD4-, CD8-, and CD45- confirming the diagnosis of TZL with associated leukemia. Treatment with chlorambucil and prednisolone was started. During the first month, the lymphocytosis remained above 200,000 cells/uL. After four months of treatment, there was a decrease in lymphocytes, which progressively reached a count of 10,800 cells/ul in the eleventh month. Conclusion: In the literature, lymphocytosis above 30,760 cells/µl has not been observed in TZLs. Thus, it is believed that this is the first report of extreme lymphocytosis with a slow response to chemotherapy.

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Background: Secretory carcinoma is a rare histological type of breast neoplasm in humans and dogs that is characterized by the presence of intracellular and extracellular eosinophilic secretions. Case Description: In this case report, we describe the cytological, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of secretory mammary carcinoma in a 10-year-old mixed-breed female dog with nodal and bone metastases. The bitch had a history of claudication and a mass in the left humeral scapular region, which revealed osteolysis of the proximal humerus on radiography. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous neoplastic cells arranged mostly in cohesive groups but sometimes isolated, that contained cytoplasmic vacuoles and had a moderate-to-high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio with frequent karyomegaly and evident nucleoli. Histologically, the neoplasm was organized in solid, tubular structures with luminal spaces filled with eosinophilic secretions and was composed of cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent vacuoles that pushed the nuclei to the periphery, resembling signet ring cells. The extracellular and intracytoplasmic material of the epithelial cells was positive for periodic acid-Schiff staining and immunoreactive for alpha-lactalbumin. Two chemotherapy sessions were performed, but 1 month after surgery, the clinical condition worsened, and euthanasia was elected, accounting for 133 days of survival after surgical removal of the tumor. Conclusion: The bitch presented with secretory mammary carcinoma with nodal and bone metastases, and histological and immunohistochemical characteristics were important for diagnosis. The morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of this carcinoma were similar to those observed in humans. Mammary gland secretory carcinoma with bone metastasis must be included as a differential diagnosis among canine mammary gland carcinomas showing cellular morphological characteristics of intracytoplasmic vacuolization and eosinophilic secretion.

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Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may sensitize neoplasms to conventional antineoplastic agents, however such studies are scarse in the veterinary literature and there is no in vivo study about this subject. Although the literature recommend consensual about the use of masitinib for unresectable or metastatic MCTs, the potential of tumour sensitization to chemotherapeutic agents exerted by the drug is poorly explored in veterinary medicine. The objective of this paper was to report, for the first time, the sensitization of 2 canine mast cell tumours (MCTs) to lomustine, with the use of 2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors: masitinib and toceranib. Cases: Two dogs were referred due tumour recurrence in the left pelvic limb (dog 1), and unilateral mass in the right nasal mucocutaneous region (dog 2). The first case was a 8-year-old female Pinscher, and the second case refers to a 8-year-old male mixed-breed dog. Fine needle aspiration of both lesions was performed, and the cytological analysis were compatible with high grade canine MCT. In the first case, it was started a chemotherapeutic treatment with intravenous vinblastine (2 mg/m² ), associated with prednisolone (40 mg/m2 , every 24 h for 7 days), followed by 25 mg/m2 every 24 h, for more 30 days, tramadol (4 mg/kg every 8 h, until new recommendations) and gabapentin (3 mg/kg every 12 h, until new recommendations). However, there was no objective response, and vinblastine was substituted by lomustine (60 mg/m2 every 21 days), however there was also no response after 2 doses. After masitinib importation, the same was started at 12.5 mg/kg orally every 24 h, but there was also no objective response. However, after new lomustine administration the lesion showed complete remission. The second dog initiated its treatment with toceranib, recently licensed in Brazil, at a dosage of 2.7 mg/kg every 48 h, and after 30 days, there was partial remission. However, the remaining lesion still deemed unresectable, and systemic chemotherapy with lomustine (50 mg/m2 ) was initiated along with continuous toceranib. After 3 weeks of the first chemotherapy complete remission was noted and a second dose was administered. Once the patient remained in complete clinical remission, only toceranib was maintained at the same dose. After 11 months using the toceranib, there was sign of disease recurrence and lomustine was re-initiated resulting in complete remission. Discussion: The TKIs masitinib and toceranib might be considered the first-line therapy for unresectable and/or metastatic canine MCT, but also for those cases with confirmed internal tandem duplications in the exon 11 of the c-KIT protooncogene. Masitinib appears to be more selective than others TKI, such as toceranib, imatinib, dasatinib and sunitinib, because it causes weak inhibition of BCR/ABL (breakpoint cluster region-Abelson), Fms (macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor), Flt-3 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3) and VEGFR (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor), which may partially explains its increased safety and lower risk of cardiotoxicity. In the first case, the animal has been treated with lomustine associated to masitinib and showed a progression-free interval of 33 days, however, the response reported may have been lower, due previously exposition to chemotherapeutic agents, which might compromise the response to TKI. The second case, with the association of lomustine and toceranib, was followed up for 365 days, presenting only one recurrence in the final third of the follow-up, however, with subsequent new complete remission. Sensitization of canine MCT to lomustine with TKIs increases the therapeutic possibilities for this neoplasm, mainly in patients with advanced stage and high-grade tumours.

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El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la microbiota y describir el perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos en perros con otitis externa tratados en un hospital veterinario. Para ello, se analizaron 559 muestras otológicas de perros con clínica de otitis externa sometidas a cultivo y antibiograma. Hubo crecimiento de microorganismos en el 93,6% (523/559) de las muestras, y en el 88,5% (463/523) hubo crecimiento de bacterias, 5,7% (30/523) de levaduras y 5,7% (30/523) infecciones mixtas. Se obtuvieron 702 cepas, Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) y Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) los agentes bacterianos más aislados. Entre las levaduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) fue la más frecuente. En cuanto a los resultados del perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos, se observó que las bacterias Gram positivas Staphylococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp. mostraron mayor sensibilidad a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico, con 92,5% y 100% de cepas sensibles. Las bacterias gram negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis y Escherichia coli, presentaron sensibilidad mayor al 90% a la tobramicina. Entre todos los agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. fue el que mostró mayores tasas de resistencia frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) y sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima (13,6%)...(AU)

The objective of this work was to identify the microbial etiology and describe the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials in dogs with otitis externa attended at a veterinary school hospital. For this, 559 otological samples from dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa submitted to culture and antibiogram were analyzed. There was growth of microorganisms in 93.6% (523/559) of the samples, and in 88.5% (463/523) there was the growth of bacteria, in 5.7% (30/523) the growth of yeasts and 5.7% (30/523) mixed infections. 702 strains were obtained, being Staphylococcus spp. 55.1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11.8% (83/702) and Proteus mirabilis 9.8% (69/702) the most isolated bacterial agents. Among yeasts, Malassezia pachydermatis 10.3% (54/523) was the most frequent. Regarding the results of the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials, it was observed that Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. showed greater sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, with 92.5% and 100% of sensitive strains. Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis and Escherichia coli, presented sensitivity greater than 90% to tobramycin. Among all bacterial agents, Pseudomonas spp. was the one that demonstrated the highest resistance rates against amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (6.2%), cephalexin (7.4%) and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (13.6%)...(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a etiologia microbiana e descrever o perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos em cães com otite externa atendidos em serviço hospitalar médico veterinário. Para isso, foram analisadas 559 amostras otológicas de cães com sinais clínicos de otite externa submetidas à cultura e antibiograma. Houve crescimento de microrganismos em 93,6% (523/559) das amostras, sendo que em 88,5% (463/523) houve crescimento de bactérias, 5,7% (30/523) crescimento de leveduras e 5,7% (30/523) infecções mistas. Foram obtidas 702 cepas, sendo Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) e Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) os agentes bacterianos mais isolados. Dentre as leveduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) foi a mais freqüente. Em relação aos resultados do perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos, observou-se que as bactérias Gram-positivas Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. apresentaram maior sensibilidade a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, com 92,5% e 100% das cepas sensíveis. Já as bactérias Gram-negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis e Escherichia coli, apresentaram sensibilidade superior a 90% a tobramicina. Dentre todos os agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. foi o que demonstrou as maiores taxas de resistência frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) e...(AU)

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Background: Hemoparasitoses are extremely important in the clinical routine because they affect a large number of dogs. In spite ofthe abundance of studies on this topic, hormonal alterations caused by infection with these agents are still poorly known. Therefore,the goal of this work was to assess the serum levels of thyroid hormones of dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) alone, anddogs infected with E. canis and Babesia canis vogeli (B. vogeli) and/or Anaplasma platys (A. platys) before and after treatment withdoxycycline chlorohydrate. This study also aimed at checking for presence of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: The concentrations of the thyroid hormones total triiodothyronine (TT3), total tetraiodothyronine (TT4),free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were assessed by chemiluminescence in 12 dogs. Nestedpolymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to confirm diagnoses. The dogs were divided into 2 groups: G1, which comprised animalsinfected by E. canis alone, and G2, which included animals simultaneously infected by E. canis and B. vogeli and/or A. platys. Theserum concentrations of the thyroid hormones were measured at two time points: before (D1) and after (D2) the 28-day treatment withgeneric doxycycline chlorohydrate (DC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg SID. On D2, another nPCR was carried out to check the efficacy of thetreatment. On D2, in both groups, all dogs became negative for E. canis; however, 8 animals remained infected or were reinfected byother hemoparasites. On D1, 4 dogs in G1 exhibited low TT3 in conjunction with low TT4; one of the dogs had increased TT3 alone,and another dog had an increased TT3 accompanied by decreased TT4. In G2, on D1, one dog exhibited high TT3 accompanied by adecreased concentration of TT4; 2 dogs had decreased TT4; 2 dogs had increased TT3; and one dog had both TT3 and TT4 decreased...(AU)

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Background: Bone marrow primary malignancies are denominated leukemias, classified as myeloid or lymphoid, according to the cell lineage, and acute or chronic, according to the cell´s state of maturation. In cats, acute lymphoid leukemiais the most common form, especially in regions endemic for feline leukemia virus and / or feline immunodeficiency virus.A new treatment protocol for lymphomas, called LOPH, was described for animals with FeLV persistent viremia. Thisstudy aimed to report a case of a cat presenting with FeLV associated acute leukemia and treated with the LOPH protocol,and, in the rescue phase, a modification of the D-MAC protocol, denominated D-MHC.Case: A 4-year-old mixed breed intact queen was attended due to lethargy and inappetence. The patient did not present anyrelevant abnormalities in the clinical exam and complementary exams were performed including complete blood count,biochemical profile, SNAP Feline Triple Test, chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasound. Imaging tests and biochemicalvalues were unremarkable, but the patient presented a reagent result for FeLV and severe leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis. The morphological evaluation of the blood smear revealed the presence of blasts, in a concentration greater than 20%of the nucleated cells, which allowed the characterization of a leukemic state, probably lymphoid. First-line treatmentwas based on the LOPH protocol, including Lomustine, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Doxorubicin, in four-week cycles.Nevertheless, during the third cycle, 66 days after the institution of this protocol, the patient presented a febrile conditionalong with marked leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis, confirming leukemia recurrence. A rescue attempt was performedwith a modification of the D-MAC protocol, originally consisting of the combination of dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin-D and cytarabine, but with replacement of actinomycin-D by doxorubicin, and therefore denominated D-MHC....(AU)

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Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it mayaffect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly (paraneoplastic) by remote action of the neoplasm located in anextra-neural site. This study aimed to report two cases of cranial nerve neuropathy (trigeminal and facial) associated withcanine lymphoma, contributing to a better understanding of its paraneoplastic effects on the nervous system, as well asthe diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Cases: Two cases of canine lymphoma associated with possible signs of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy were attendedat the Veterinary Hospital from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV UFMG). Case 1. A spayed mixed breedbitch, with lethargy and unilateral exophthalmos. Brain computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass and cytology wasdiagnostic for extranodal lymphoma. Subsequent to computed tomography, the dog was presented with hypotrophy of thefacial musculature and difficulty in grasping food, consistent with trigeminal nerve palsy, which resolved after institutionof the 19-week chemotherapy protocol from the University of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, disease reccurred and a rescueprotocol was initiated. Case 2. A female Dalmatian, spayed, was diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, after cytologyof the left mandibular lymph node. Chemotherapy was initiated with the same protocol of the previous case. However,the disease progressed and it was observed facial asymmetry with ptosis of the left eyelid, pina and lips, in addition todifficulty in grasping food, suggesting facial and trigeminal cranial nerve palsy. Clinical signs resolved after institutionof a rescue chemotherapy protocol. However, in both cases, disease progression and poor clinical condition resulted in...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la microbiota y describir el perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos en perros con otitis externa tratados en un hospital veterinario. Para ello, se analizaron 559 muestras otológicas de perros con clínica de otitis externa sometidas a cultivo y antibiograma. Hubo crecimiento de microorganismos en el 93,6% (523/559) de las muestras, y en el 88,5% (463/523) hubo crecimiento de bacterias, 5,7% (30/523) de levaduras y 5,7% (30/523) infecciones mixtas. Se obtuvieron 702 cepas, Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) y Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) los agentes bacterianos más aislados. Entre las levaduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) fue la más frecuente. En cuanto a los resultados del perfil de sensibilidad de las bacterias a los antimicrobianos, se observó que las bacterias Gram positivas Staphylococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp. mostraron mayor sensibilidad a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico, con 92,5% y 100% de cepas sensibles. Las bacterias gram negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis y Escherichia coli, presentaron sensibilidad mayor al 90% a la tobramicina. Entre todos los agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. fue el que mostró mayores tasas de resistencia frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulánico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) y sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima (13,6%)...

The objective of this work was to identify the microbial etiology and describe the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials in dogs with otitis externa attended at a veterinary school hospital. For this, 559 otological samples from dogs with clinical signs of otitis externa submitted to culture and antibiogram were analyzed. There was growth of microorganisms in 93.6% (523/559) of the samples, and in 88.5% (463/523) there was the growth of bacteria, in 5.7% (30/523) the growth of yeasts and 5.7% (30/523) mixed infections. 702 strains were obtained, being Staphylococcus spp. 55.1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11.8% (83/702) and Proteus mirabilis 9.8% (69/702) the most isolated bacterial agents. Among yeasts, Malassezia pachydermatis 10.3% (54/523) was the most frequent. Regarding the results of the sensitivity profile of bacteria to antimicrobials, it was observed that Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. showed greater sensitivity to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, with 92.5% and 100% of sensitive strains. Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis and Escherichia coli, presented sensitivity greater than 90% to tobramycin. Among all bacterial agents, Pseudomonas spp. was the one that demonstrated the highest resistance rates against amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (6.2%), cephalexin (7.4%) and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (13.6%)...

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar a etiologia microbiana e descrever o perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos em cães com otite externa atendidos em serviço hospitalar médico veterinário. Para isso, foram analisadas 559 amostras otológicas de cães com sinais clínicos de otite externa submetidas à cultura e antibiograma. Houve crescimento de microrganismos em 93,6% (523/559) das amostras, sendo que em 88,5% (463/523) houve crescimento de bactérias, 5,7% (30/523) crescimento de leveduras e 5,7% (30/523) infecções mistas. Foram obtidas 702 cepas, sendo Staphylococcus spp. 55,1% (387/702), Pseudomonas spp. 11,8% (83/702) e Proteus mirabilis 9,8% (69/702) os agentes bacterianos mais isolados. Dentre as leveduras, Malassezia pachydermatis 10,3% (54/523) foi a mais freqüente. Em relação aos resultados do perfil de sensibilidade das bactérias aos antimicrobianos, observou-se que as bactérias Gram-positivas Staphylococcus spp. e Streptococcus spp. apresentaram maior sensibilidade a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico, com 92,5% e 100% das cepas sensíveis. Já as bactérias Gram-negativas Pseudomonas spp., P. mirabilis e Escherichia coli, apresentaram sensibilidade superior a 90% a tobramicina. Dentre todos os agentes bacterianos, Pseudomonas spp. foi o que demonstrou as maiores taxas de resistência frente a amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (6,2%), cefalexina (7,4%) e...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it mayaffect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly (paraneoplastic) by remote action of the neoplasm located in anextra-neural site. This study aimed to report two cases of cranial nerve neuropathy (trigeminal and facial) associated withcanine lymphoma, contributing to a better understanding of its paraneoplastic effects on the nervous system, as well asthe diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.Cases: Two cases of canine lymphoma associated with possible signs of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy were attendedat the Veterinary Hospital from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HV UFMG). Case 1. A spayed mixed breedbitch, with lethargy and unilateral exophthalmos. Brain computed tomography revealed a retrobulbar mass and cytology wasdiagnostic for extranodal lymphoma. Subsequent to computed tomography, the dog was presented with hypotrophy of thefacial musculature and difficulty in grasping food, consistent with trigeminal nerve palsy, which resolved after institutionof the 19-week chemotherapy protocol from the University of Wisconsin. Nevertheless, disease reccurred and a rescueprotocol was initiated. Case 2. A female Dalmatian, spayed, was diagnosed with multicentric lymphoma, after cytologyof the left mandibular lymph node. Chemotherapy was initiated with the same protocol of the previous case. However,the disease progressed and it was observed facial asymmetry with ptosis of the left eyelid, pina and lips, in addition todifficulty in grasping food, suggesting facial and trigeminal cranial nerve palsy. Clinical signs resolved after institutionof a rescue chemotherapy protocol. However, in both cases, disease progression and poor clinical condition resulted in...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Bone marrow primary malignancies are denominated leukemias, classified as myeloid or lymphoid, according to the cell lineage, and acute or chronic, according to the cell´s state of maturation. In cats, acute lymphoid leukemiais the most common form, especially in regions endemic for feline leukemia virus and / or feline immunodeficiency virus.A new treatment protocol for lymphomas, called LOPH, was described for animals with FeLV persistent viremia. Thisstudy aimed to report a case of a cat presenting with FeLV associated acute leukemia and treated with the LOPH protocol,and, in the rescue phase, a modification of the D-MAC protocol, denominated D-MHC.Case: A 4-year-old mixed breed intact queen was attended due to lethargy and inappetence. The patient did not present anyrelevant abnormalities in the clinical exam and complementary exams were performed including complete blood count,biochemical profile, SNAP Feline Triple Test, chest radiographs and abdominal ultrasound. Imaging tests and biochemicalvalues were unremarkable, but the patient presented a reagent result for FeLV and severe leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis. The morphological evaluation of the blood smear revealed the presence of blasts, in a concentration greater than 20%of the nucleated cells, which allowed the characterization of a leukemic state, probably lymphoid. First-line treatmentwas based on the LOPH protocol, including Lomustine, Vincristine, Prednisolone and Doxorubicin, in four-week cycles.Nevertheless, during the third cycle, 66 days after the institution of this protocol, the patient presented a febrile conditionalong with marked leukocytosis due to lymphocytosis, confirming leukemia recurrence. A rescue attempt was performedwith a modification of the D-MAC protocol, originally consisting of the combination of dexamethasone, melphalan, actinomycin-D and cytarabine, but with replacement of actinomycin-D by doxorubicin, and therefore denominated D-MHC....

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RESUMO

Retroviruses are among the leading causes of death in domestic cats. Retroviruses associate with the host cell in a persistent and permanent way, leading to diverse clinical conditions. The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is the most pathogenic retrovirus with the potential to cause both degenerative diseases and immunosuppression, as well as proliferative diseases, as its association with the cell may lead to a direct oncogenic effect. The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), in turn, can lead to the classic immunodeficiency syndrome, usually has a chronic, less aggressive course and has no direct oncogenic effect. The use of vaccines and control measures has resulted in a decrease in the prevalence of FeLV in the United States of America (USA) and Europe, however, in Brazil, statistics show prevalence rates above 50%. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of feline retroviruses, by immunoenzymatic assay testing, in the region of Grande Vitória, in Espírito Santo and also point out the frequency of neoplasms in these cats. A total of 388 cats were retrospectively evaluated (2014-2016). The prevalence of FIV was 2.3% and FeLV was 33.7%. Neoplasms were identified in the three cats seropositive for FIV and FeLV and in three cats infected only with FIV. Neoplasms were also found in 26.6% of cats that were seropositive only for FeLV, especially mediastinal lymphoma. The high prevalence of FeLV demonstrated in this study highlights the need for establishing effective control measures, with emphasis on vaccination.

As retroviroses encontram-se entre as principais causas de morte em gatos domésticos. Os retrovírus associam-se à célula hospedeira de forma persistente e permanente, levando a quadros clínicos diversos. O vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) é oretrovírus mais patogênico, com potencial para ocasionar tanto doenças degenerativas e imunossupressão, quanto doenças proliferativas, pois sua associação à célula pode levar ao efeito oncogênico direto. Já o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV), pode levar à clássica síndrome de imunodeficiência, costuma ter um curso crônico, menos agressivo e não possui efeito oncogênico direto. O uso de vacinas e de medidas de controle resultaram em redução da prevalência de FeLV nos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) e Europa, entretanto, no Brasil, determinadas regiões podem apresentar prevalências superiores a 50%. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência das retroviroses felinas, pelo teste de ensaio imunoenzimático, na região da Grande Vitória, no Espírito Santo, apontando ainda, a frequência de neoplasias nesses gatos. Um total de 388 gatos foram retrospectivamente avaliados (2014-2016). A prevalência de FIV foi de 2,3% e de FeLV 33,7%. Neoplasias foram identificadas nos três gatos sororeagentes para FIV e FeLV e em três gatos infectados apenas por FIV. Constatou-se a presença de neoplasias ainda em 26,6% dos gatos sororeagentes apenas para FeLV, com destaque para o linfoma na forma mediastinal. A elevada prevalência de FeLV demonstrada neste estudo aponta sobre a necessidade da instituição de medidas efetivas de controle, com destaque para a vacinação.

RESUMO

Pancreatic cysts are rare in both humans and animals. They are defined as an enclosed structure externally surrounded by a capsule, internally coated with a cuboidal epithelium and filled with liquid or semi-solid content. This case described the clinical and pathological characteristics of a pancreatic cyst in a feline. A mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent vomiting was attended. Physical examination revealed pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic, anechoic structure with well-defined edges located in the left cranial abdomen and in close contact with the duodenum and pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Microscopically, the structure was surrounded by fibrous material, coated with cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and containing eosinophilic material. Although, pancreatic cyst is rare in animals, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of vomiting in young cats.(AU)

Os cistos epiteliais pancreáticos são raros em humanos e animais, e são definidos como estruturas encapsuladas rodeadas por epitélio cuboidal, preenchido por substância líquida. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características clínico-patológicas de um cisto pancreático verdadeiro em um felino. Foi atendido uma gata sem raça definida com histórico de vômitos recorrentes. No exame físico o animal apresentou dor à palpação abdominal. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, evidenciou-se a presença de uma estrutura cística, anecóica e com bordos bem definidos localizado no abdome cranial esquerdo, em contato com o duodeno e o pâncreas. Foi realizada pancreatectomia parcial. No exame microscópico observou-se estrutura encapsulada, circundado por material fibroso, revestido por epitélio cuboidal a colunar, contendo material eosinofílico. Embora os cistos pancreáticos verdadeiros sejam raros nos animais, eles devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com vômitos nos gatos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Sarcomas de partes moles (STS) representam um grupo heterogêneo de tumores com características histológicas e comportamento biológico semelhantes. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a correlação entre as características clínicas, histopatológicas e histomorfométricas do STS em cães. Os registros médicos foram revisados ​​para identificar todos os cães nos quais um STS foi diagnosticado entre 2006-2017. Trinta casos foram incluídos, e amostras de tumor e prontuários médicos foram recuperados. A maioria dos cães era mestiça (40%) e 80% dos STS localizavam-se no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo. A classificação histopatológica mostrou que sarcoma indiferenciado (17%) e tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (30%) foram os STS mais comuns. O STS de grau I foi obtido em 50% dos casos (15/30), e os tumores de grau II ou III comprometeram 43% (13/30) e 7% (2/30), respectivamente. O índice mitótico variou de zero a 26 (5,8 ± 7,5). A razão núcleo: citoplasma aumentada foi moderadamente associada com maior grau de tumor (p = 0,05; rS = 0,361) e índice mitótico (p = 0,05; rS = 0,355), enquanto o número de microvasos foi positivamente correlacionado com o grau de diferenciação (p = 0,05 ; rS = 0,362) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p = 0,036; rS = 0,384). A histomorfometria mostrou-se útil na avaliação do STS, representando uma ferramenta adicional correlacionada a fatores prognósticos bem estabelecidos (grau histopatológico, grau de diferenciação, pleomorfismo nuclear). enquanto o número de microvasos foi positivamente correlacionado com o grau de diferenciação (p = 0,05; rS = 0,362) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p = 0,036; rS = 0,384). A histomorfometria mostrou-se útil na avaliação do STS, representando uma ferramenta adicional correlacionada a fatores prognósticos bem estabelecidos (grau histopatológico, grau de diferenciação, pleomorfismo nuclear). enquanto o número de microvasos foi positivamente correlacionado com o grau de diferenciação (p = 0,05; rS = 0,362) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p = 0,036; rS = 0,384). A histomorfometria mostrou-se útil na avaliação do STS, representando uma ferramenta adicional correlacionada a fatores prognósticos bem estabelecidos (grau histopatológico, grau de diferenciação, pleomorfismo nuclear).(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Sarcomas de partes moles (STS) representam um grupo heterogêneo de tumores com características histológicas e comportamento biológico semelhantes. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a correlação entre as características clínicas, histopatológicas e histomorfométricas do STS em cães. Os registros médicos foram revisados ​​para identificar todos os cães nos quais um STS foi diagnosticado entre 2006-2017. Trinta casos foram incluídos, e amostras de tumor e prontuários médicos foram recuperados. A maioria dos cães era mestiça (40%) e 80% dos STS localizavam-se no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo. A classificação histopatológica mostrou que sarcoma indiferenciado (17%) e tumor de bainha de nervo periférico (30%) foram os STS mais comuns. O STS de grau I foi obtido em 50% dos casos (15/30), e os tumores de grau II ou III comprometeram 43% (13/30) e 7% (2/30), respectivamente. O índice mitótico variou de zero a 26 (5,8 ± 7,5). A razão núcleo: citoplasma aumentada foi moderadamente associada com maior grau de tumor (p = 0,05; rS = 0,361) e índice mitótico (p = 0,05; rS = 0,355), enquanto o número de microvasos foi positivamente correlacionado com o grau de diferenciação (p = 0,05 ; rS = 0,362) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p = 0,036; rS = 0,384). A histomorfometria mostrou-se útil na avaliação do STS, representando uma ferramenta adicional correlacionada a fatores prognósticos bem estabelecidos (grau histopatológico, grau de diferenciação, pleomorfismo nuclear). enquanto o número de microvasos foi positivamente correlacionado com o grau de diferenciação (p = 0,05; rS = 0,362) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p = 0,036; rS = 0,384). A histomorfometria mostrou-se útil na avaliação do STS, representando uma ferramenta adicional correlacionada a fatores prognósticos bem estabelecidos (grau histopatológico, grau de diferenciação, pleomorfismo nuclear). enquanto o número de microvasos foi positivamente correlacionado com o grau de diferenciação (p = 0,05; rS = 0,362) e pleomorfismo nuclear (p = 0,036; rS = 0,384). A histomorfometria mostrou-se útil na avaliação do STS, representando uma ferramenta adicional correlacionada a fatores prognósticos bem estabelecidos (grau histopatológico, grau de diferenciação, pleomorfismo nuclear).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Hemoparasitoses are extremely important in the clinical routine because they affect a large number of dogs. In spite ofthe abundance of studies on this topic, hormonal alterations caused by infection with these agents are still poorly known. Therefore,the goal of this work was to assess the serum levels of thyroid hormones of dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) alone, anddogs infected with E. canis and Babesia canis vogeli (B. vogeli) and/or Anaplasma platys (A. platys) before and after treatment withdoxycycline chlorohydrate. This study also aimed at checking for presence of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: The concentrations of the thyroid hormones total triiodothyronine (TT3), total tetraiodothyronine (TT4),free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were assessed by chemiluminescence in 12 dogs. Nestedpolymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to confirm diagnoses. The dogs were divided into 2 groups: G1, which comprised animalsinfected by E. canis alone, and G2, which included animals simultaneously infected by E. canis and B. vogeli and/or A. platys. Theserum concentrations of the thyroid hormones were measured at two time points: before (D1) and after (D2) the 28-day treatment withgeneric doxycycline chlorohydrate (DC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg SID. On D2, another nPCR was carried out to check the efficacy of thetreatment. On D2, in both groups, all dogs became negative for E. canis; however, 8 animals remained infected or were reinfected byother hemoparasites. On D1, 4 dogs in G1 exhibited low TT3 in conjunction with low TT4; one of the dogs had increased TT3 alone,and another dog had an increased TT3 accompanied by decreased TT4. In G2, on D1, one dog exhibited high TT3 accompanied by adecreased concentration of TT4; 2 dogs had decreased TT4; 2 dogs had increased TT3; and one dog had both TT3 and TT4 decreased...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Pancreatic cysts are rare in both humans and animals. They are defined as an enclosed structure externally surrounded by a capsule, internally coated with a cuboidal epithelium and filled with liquid or semi-solid content. This case described the clinical and pathological characteristics of a pancreatic cyst in a feline. A mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent vomiting was attended. Physical examination revealed pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic, anechoic structure with well-defined edges located in the left cranial abdomen and in close contact with the duodenum and pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Microscopically, the structure was surrounded by fibrous material, coated with cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and containing eosinophilic material. Although, pancreatic cyst is rare in animals, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of vomiting in young cats.

Os cistos epiteliais pancreáticos são raros em humanos e animais, e são definidos como estruturas encapsuladas rodeadas por epitélio cuboidal, preenchido por substância líquida. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características clínico-patológicas de um cisto pancreático verdadeiro em um felino. Foi atendido uma gata sem raça definida com histórico de vômitos recorrentes. No exame físico o animal apresentou dor à palpação abdominal. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, evidenciou-se a presença de uma estrutura cística, anecóica e com bordos bem definidos localizado no abdome cranial esquerdo, em contato com o duodeno e o pâncreas. Foi realizada pancreatectomia parcial. No exame microscópico observou-se estrutura encapsulada, circundado por material fibroso, revestido por epitélio cuboidal a colunar, contendo material eosinofílico. Embora os cistos pancreáticos verdadeiros sejam raros nos animais, eles devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com vômitos nos gatos.

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: Pancreatic cysts are rare in both humans and animals. They are defined as an enclosed structure externally surrounded by a capsule, internally coated with a cuboidal epithelium and filled with liquid or semi-solid content. This case described the clinical and pathological characteristics of a pancreatic cyst in a feline. A mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent vomiting was attended. Physical examination revealed pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic, anechoic structure with well-defined edges located in the left cranial abdomen and in close contact with the duodenum and pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Microscopically, the structure was surrounded by fibrous material, coated with cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and containing eosinophilic material. Although, pancreatic cyst is rare in animals, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of vomiting in young cats.

RESUMO: Os cistos epiteliais pancreáticos são raros em humanos e animais, e são definidos como estruturas encapsuladas rodeadas por epitélio cuboidal, preenchido por substância líquida. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características clínico-patológicas de um cisto pancreático verdadeiro em um felino. Foi atendido uma gata sem raça definida com histórico de vômitos recorrentes. No exame físico o animal apresentou dor à palpação abdominal. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, evidenciou-se a presença de uma estrutura cística, anecóica e com bordos bem definidos localizado no abdome cranial esquerdo, em contato com o duodeno e o pâncreas. Foi realizada pancreatectomia parcial. No exame microscópico observou-se estrutura encapsulada, circundado por material fibroso, revestido por epitélio cuboidal a colunar, contendo material eosinofílico. Embora os cistos pancreáticos verdadeiros sejam raros nos animais, eles devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com vômitos nos gatos.