RESUMO
A transmissão transfusional (DCT) da doença de Chagas foi aventada nos anos 30 e comprovada nos anos 50. Inicialmente a sorologia pré-transfusional não era obrigatória e nas décadas seguintes os testes foram aperfeiçoados com técnicas mais adaptadas e fidedignas, chegando ao Elisa, mais utilizada atualmente. O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar o perfil sorológico para doença de Chagas dos doadores de sangue oriundos dos bancos de sangue atendidos pelo Laboratório de Sorologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Hospital Independência (Ulbra-HI) em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil com o objetivo de relacionar os índices encontrados com os disponíveis em nosso país. A população deste estudo foi composta por 36.720 doadores de sangue usuários dos serviços do Laboratório de Sorologia da Ulbra-HI durante o período de março de 2006 a maio de 2008. Foram consideradas sorologicamente inaptas para doença de Chagas 150 doações (0,41 por cento do total). Esta taxa é similar à encontrada na região Sul, indicando que a triagem realizada em nosso laboratório está de acordo com o observado em nosso país.
Transfusional transmission of Chagas' disease was suggested in the 1930s and proven in the 1950s. Initially pre-transfusion serology tests were not compulsory but in the decades following their introduction, the tests were improved with more suitable and reliable techniques, which culminated with Elisa, currently the most commonly used test. This study aims at examining the serological profile of blood donors of blood banks attended by the serology laboratory of the Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Hospital Independência (Ulbra-HI) in Porto Alegre, Brazil in respect to Chagas' disease, with the aim of comparing the rates of this laboratory with those published for Brazil. The study sample was composed of 36,720 blood donors during the period from March 2006 to May 2008. One hundred and fifty donations (0.41 percent) were considered serologically unsuitable due to Chagas' disease. This incidence is similar to that found in the southern region of Brazil, indicating that the screening conducted in our laboratory is in line with other laboratories.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Doença de Chagas , Células Sanguíneas/efeitos da radiação , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Sorologia , Trypanosoma cruziRESUMO
In previous work we showed that phosphorylation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, is increased by glutamate in hippocampal slices from immature rats via a type II metabotropic receptor. In the present work we show that glutamate also stimulates GFAP phosphorylation in microslices prepared from immature cerebellar cortex, but by a different receptor mechanism from that observed in the hippocampus. Thus, in cerebellar microslices, NMDA consistently stimulated GFAP phosphorylation, whereas no effect of metabotropic or non-NMDA ionotropic agonists was observed. Glutamate and NMDA also stimulated GFAP phosphorylation in mixed neuronal/glial cell cultures from the cerebellum, although no effect of these agonists was observed in primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. In both models, the effects of glutamate and NMDA were dependent on external Ca(2+), were reversed by the NMDA receptor antagonist AP5 and were not blocked by tetrodotoxin. In the slice study the effect of NMDA was confined to a period starting with the first detectable expression of GFAP at 10 days and finishing at 16 days postnatal, as previously observed with metabotropic agonists in hippocampal slices. This period in the rat corresponds to the start of synaptogenesis when astrocyte hypertrophy is occurring. The results are discussed in the light of information in the literature on the occurrence of functional NMDA receptor subunits in glia.