RESUMO
The relationship between acculturation, generational status/nativity and drinking patterns is examined using data from a 1988 community survey of 1286 adult regular drinkers (at least two drinks/month) in San Antonio, Texas. This sample includes 412 Anglo, 239 Black, and 635 Mexican American respondents, with Mexican Americans further classified into high, medium, and low acculturation groups using a language-use-based acculturation measure. This data set allows comparisons between racial/ethnic majority and minority groups with further comparisons between Black and Mexican American subgroups. These racial/ethnic and acculturation level comparisons highlight the effects of minority status and cultural differences between groups with regard to drinking patterns. Overall, the analyses indicate little evidence to support an 'acculturation stress' model of alcohol use, wherein the stresses of acculturation produce higher levels of alcohol consumption among moderately or higher acculturation groups. Generally, in our data, quantity and frequency consumption was somewhat higher among the least acculturated males and moderately acculturated females. Further analyses by generational status indicate heavier consumption patterns among second-generation individuals, especially among the less acculturated, though those differences were eliminated by controls. The findings highlight inadequacies of using generational status/nativity measures alone to assess acculturation level. Further, joint effects of acculturation level and generational status suggest the viability of a cultural marginality model of acculturation, though many of the effects of acculturation and generational status are explained by demographic and psychosocial factors.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , México/etnologia , Meio Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Texas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
This study seeks to clarify the relevance of machismo to patterns of high maximum drinking among male drinkers. Specifically, the study describes the psychometric properties of a newly developed 7-item machismo measure, compares levels of machismo and self-esteem for a sample of Anglo, black and Mexican-American males, and examines both main and interaction effects of machismo, self-esteem and education as predictors of alcohol use in these racial/ethnic subgroups. Logistic regression analyses document interaction between race/ethnicity, machismo, self-esteem and education, which calls into question the presumed importance of machismo as a cultural element causing heavy drinking patterns among Mexican-American males.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Comparação Transcultural , Escolaridade , Identidade de Gênero , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Autoimagem , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Dependência Psicológica , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Poder Psicológico , Texas/epidemiologia , População Branca/psicologiaRESUMO
A standardized interview including parts of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to determine the prevalence of depressive and generalized anxiety disorders among female family practice patients in San Antonio, Texas, and Monterrey, Mexico. Rates of depression and anxiety were not significantly different in Texas and Mexico. There were differences in age-specific rates of anxiety with the disorder being prominent among middle-aged women in Mexico. In both countries, women with mental disorders had higher rates of hospitalization, use of psychotropic medication(s), and physical complaints than women without such disorders.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Texas/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A standardized interview including parts of the NIMH-Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to determine the prevalence of depression (major depression or dysthymia) and generalized anxiety in a random sample of predominantly low-income Mexican American patients attending an inner-city family health center. Overall rates of current DSM-III-diagnosable depression and anxiety were similar to rates reported for other primary care patient populations in the United States. There were racial/ethnic and sex differences in the rates of these disorders, with Anglo females having disproportionately high rates. Among women, the rate of mental disorders was higher for those with many somatic symptoms, three or more children, low scores on a scale of family integration, and numerous missed appointments in the last year.
Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo/epidemiologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , TexasAssuntos
Etnicidade/psicologia , Hispânico ou Latino/psicologia , Suicídio/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , TexasRESUMO
This paper reports preliminary finds of a study of coping abilities of Mexican-American families. The purpose of the study was to identify variables related to styles of behavior that can be characterized as adaptive. A complex of factors differentiated families who were judged to be dealing effectively with their environment ("copers") from those who were not ("noncopers"). The factors included the health status of the children, various child-rearing attitudes and practices, and patterns of decision making as they related to a more general ability of parents to conceptualize and organize time.