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Background: In the literature, there are a few descriptions of epididymis neoplasia in domestic animals, especially considering primary tumors. In the few reports found in literature, the lesions were a consequence of the invasion of testicular or paratesticular neoplasia, as a papillar carcinoma in a dog's and a bull's epididymis, and mesenchymal tumors - fibrome/ fibrosarcoma, leiomyoma/leiosarcome. On the other hand, mast cell tumors are the second most prevalent neoplasia in dogs in Brazil, affecting especially the skin. The aim of this report is to describe for the first time a low malignancy mast cell tumor in a mixed-breed dog's epididymis, without metastasis or recurrence in a 2-year follow-up period. Case: A 10-year-old male mixed-breed dog was presented for pre-surgical evaluation for elective orchiectomy. In the physical examination, an increase in the volume of approximately 2 cm with an irregular appearance was identified on palpation in the cranial pole of the left testis. In the trans surgical period, an increase in testicular volume (4 cm long x 2 cm wide) was observed, with a firm consistency in the region of the vas deferens with macroscopic changes in the region. The testis was sectioned, and the fragments were sent for histopathological evaluation in 10% buffered formaldehyde. There was a fairly cellular circumscribed neoplastic infiltrate, distributed in a sheet and separated by fibrovascular stroma, and rounded neoplastic cells with a moderate amount of basophilic cytoplasmic granulation, and discrete anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. The nuclei were rounded with vesicular chromatin with 1 or 2 distinct nucleoli. No mitosis figures were observed in 10 high power fields (400x). Few eosinophils were distributed throughout the neoplastic cell population. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated immunostaining for KIT protein with perimembranous staining in 95% of neoplastic mast cells, giving a KIT 1 pattern. There was no positive nuclear staining for Ki67 in any cell of the histological sections examined. A grade II mast cell tumor (low grade of malignancy) was diagnosed. After diagnosis, the animal underwent radiographic evaluation of the chest and abdominal ultrasound, and a new physical inspection in search of nodules, plaques, skin lesions, or subcutaneous masses. There were no metastases in the thorax and abdominal cavity, nor physical alterations, and it can be inferred that the epididymis was the primary site of the mast cell tumor. After 2 years of orchiectomy, there were no recurrences, and no chemotherapy treatment was performed. Discussion: Extracutaneous mast cell tumors are uncommon in animals, but have been reported in oral and nasal mucosa, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, intestine, visceral lymph nodes, spleen, liver, spinal cord, intestine, ureter, conjunctiva, lung and more recently in tear gland of the third eyelid. However, in the authors' assessment, this is the first description of mast cell tumor in the epididymis in dogs. The diagnosis was established by histopathological examination, which revealed a grade II epididymal mast cell tumor and immunohistochemical evaluation (KIT and Ki-67) as being of low aggressiveness. The diagnosis of a primary tumor was confirmed since the staging was established after the histopathological diagnosis, involving chest radiography, abdominal ultrasound, cutaneous evaluation in search of nodules, plaques, cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, and did not reveal other abnormalities or metastases not identified in the preoperative evaluation. In addition, immunostaining with KIT and Ki-67 reaffirmed the low degree of malignancy and the potential for metastases, which can be observed by the asymptomatic follow-up of the patient 2 years after the surgical excision.

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This study aimed to assess the birefringent properties of corneal stromal collagen fibrils in birds of the orders Falconiformes (diurnal) and Strigiformes (predominantly nocturnal) to compare their supramolecular organizations. In total, 22 corneas of Falconiformes (Caracara plancus, n = 8; Rupornis magnirostris, n = 10; and Falco sparverius, n = 4) and 28 of Strigiformes (Tyto furcata, n = 16; Pseudoscops clamator, n = 6; and Athene cunicularia, n = 6) were processed histotechnically into 8-µm thick sections. Corneal optical retardation (OR) values related to the form and intrinsic fractions of the total birefringence of collagen fibrils were measured using a polarized light microscope equipped with phase compensators. In addition, the coherence coefficients that inform the local orientation of the fibrils were calculated through video image analysis. All assessments were conducted both in the anterior and posterior stroma of the cornea. Differences were significant when P < 0.05. The results showed supraorganizational differences between fibrils in the anterior stroma of Falconiformes and Strigiformes. The OR values were greater (P < 0.0001) for Falconiformes, indicating that the corneas of these birds contain more collagen fibrils or more aggregated collagen fibrils. In contrast, the coherence coefficients were higher (P = 0.016) for Strigiformes, indicating that the corneal collagen fibers in these birds are highly aligned and have few undulations. A multivariate data matrix constructed for Euclidean distance calculations showed that the dissimilarity between Falconiformes and Strigiformes corneas, in terms of the supraorganization of stromal collagen fibrils, was 4.56%. In conclusion, it is possible that the supraorganizational differences reported in this study may be sources of variation in the visual quality of Falconiformes and Strigiformes. This study provides the necessary evidence to encourage further research associating corneal optical performance to supramolecular characteristics of corneal stromal collagen.

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Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor commonly described in veterinary ophthalmology as emerging at the margin of the third eyelid and bulbar conjunctiva. The primary corneal attachment of the tumor is considered rare, as the cornea is an avascular structure, but there are sparse reports of primary occurrences in the cornea of dogs, cats, and horses. No reports were found in wild animals. The Tapirus terrestris, commonly known as Tapir, is a perissodactyl mammal that inhabits South America regions, being considered the largest terrestrial mammal of Brazil and one of the most popular animals in zoos in various countries. This paper aims to report the first case of primary corneal hemangiosarcoma in a 25-year-old female Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) held in captivity. Case: A 25-year-old Tapirus terrestris female presented an irregular mass in the right cornea, mucopurulent secretion, and inconclusive previous cytological evaluation. It also had a history of a milky cornea for many years, and in the last 12 months, a tissue growth was observed, as well as the occurrence of mucopurulent secretion. The menace response in the right eye was negative. In the ophthalmologic examination, a red-colored, lobed, hemorrhagic, and ulcerated mass occupying approximately 90% of the cornea was observed, and in the peripheral cornea, there was an intense discoloration. Due to the extension of the mass and visual loss, the transpalpebral enucleation was performed under general inhalation anesthesia. The histopathological analysis evidenced a vascular tumor restricted to the central peripheral cornea, composed of blood vessels of small and large caliber, showing polygonal endothelial cells with moderate atypia, anisocytosis, and anisocariasis, in addition to dense stroma and inflammatory cells. The mass occupied the anterior corneal stroma, and there was no involvement of bulbar conjunctiva, sclera, or intraocular structures. The immunohistochemical study revealed the positivity of neoplastic cells for CD31, and the proliferative index of the lesion was evaluated by the Ki-67 as inferior to 10%. Discussion: The histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations evidenced a hypercellular lesion, and the diagnosis of primary corneal hemangiosarcoma (HSA) was possible due to the significant cellular atypia identified in the lesion. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of corneal hemangiosarcoma described in Tapirus terrestris. The HAS is a malignant neoplasm originating in the vascular endothelial cells. There is a significant correlation between the HSA and prolonged exposure to solar radiation. The tapir of this report lived in a high-altitude region with exposure to ultraviolet rays; therefore, it might be an important predisposing factor for the HSA emergence. The chosen treatment for vascular tumors according to the visual prognostic is the lamellar keratectomy; however, the transpalpebral enucleation was the elected treatment since the eye was not visual, the neoplasm had a great extension, the animal was in advanced age and lived in captivity, and it was difficult to handle the animal without sedation to perform adjuvant therapies. Since the mass corresponded to 90% of the cornea, total removal with free edges would not be possible as described in the literature, and, therefore, there was an increased risk of relapse. In the follow-up after 3 years of surgical excision, the animal remained free of metastasis, reinforcing the diagnosis of primary corneal hemangiosarcoma.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of seasonality and phase of the estrous cycle on ovarian and oocyte morphology in domestic cats kept in a tropical region. The ovaries from 23 queens were collected after elective ovariohysterectomy at different stages of the estrous cycle and were classified according to the season upon collection (spring/summer vs. fall/winter). Based on the findings, we concluded that queens in tropical regions experience no seasonal influence on oocyte quality, but there is a minimal effect on ovarian morphology, with an increase in ovarian length during proestrus/estrus in the spring/summer period.

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The aim of this study was to determine whether a pneumoperitoneum of 10 mmHg combined or not with the Trendelenburg position could lead to significant changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular pressure perfusion (OPP), and cardiorespiratory variables; as well as determine whether a correlation exists between IOP and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and/or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) in cats. Animals were allocated in two groups (n=7/group): GC (without inclination) and GTREN (Trendelenburg position). The variables were recorded before (baseline) and during 30 minutes (T5-T30) after insufflation. In GTREN, a reduction in heart rate was observed at T5 and in respiratory rate at T5 and T15. There was an increase in IOP at T5-T30 in comparison to baseline. There was a reduction in potential of hydrogen in arterial blood in both groups at all times in comparison to baseline. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood was increased at T15-T30 in GC and at T5-T30 in GTREN. In conclusion, the pneumoperitoneum of 10mmHg CO2 did not significantly affect IOP or OPP in cats anaesthetised with isofluorane and kept under spontaneous ventilation. However, induced pneumoperitoneum combined with Trendelenburg position resulted in an increase in IOP in cats subjected to the same anaesthetic conditions, but did not affect OPP.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se o pneumoperitônio de 10 mmHg associado, ou não, à posição de Trendelenburg poderia levar a alterações significativas na Pressão Intraocular (PIO), Pressão de Perfusão Ocular (PPO) e variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, bem como determinar se havia correlação entre a PIO e a Pressão Arterial Média (PAM) e/ou Pressão Parcial de Dióxido de Carbono no Sangue Arterial (PaCO2) em gatos. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos (n = 7/grupo): GC (sem inclinação) e GTREN (posição de Trendelenburg). As variáveis foram registradas antes (linha de base) e durante 30 minutos (T5-T30) após a insuflação. No GTREN, foi observada redução na frequência cardíaca em T5 e, na frequência respiratória, em T5 e T15. Houve aumento da PIO no T5-T30 comparativamente ao valor basal. Houve redução no Potencial de Hidrogênio no sangue arterial em ambos os grupos em todos os momentos comparativamente à linha de base. A Pressão Parcial de Dióxido de Carbono no sangue arterial aumentou em T15-T30 no GC e em T5-T30 no GTREN. Concluiu-se que o pneumoperitônio de 10mmHg CO2 não afetou significativamente a PIO ou a PPO em gatos anestesiados com isofluorano e mantidos sob ventilação espontânea. No entanto, o pneumoperitônio induzido combinado à posição de Trendelenburg resultou em aumento da PIO em gatos submetidos às mesmas condições anestésicas, mas não afetou a PPO.

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Excessive facial skin folds is observed in several breeds of dogs and the weight exerted on the eyelids accents or promotes entropion, trichiasis and ptosis. Thus, this study reported a case of the 8-months-old male Shar-pei weighting 21.5kg was presented with an obstructed visual axis, eye discharge, fetid odor in facial folds around the jaw and the neck. It was indicated the surgical resection of the folds and correction of the upper and lower entropion. In this case, the association of Hotz-Celsus technique with rhytidectomy shaped in semiarchs, using the anchoring points with the modified walking suture, was effective in correcting the entropion and unblocking the visual axis with minimal scarring and preservation of the breed standard in 12 months follow up after surgery.

O excesso de pregas faciais é observado em várias raças de cães e o peso exercido sobre as pálpebras acentua ou promove entrópio, triquíase e ptose. Assim, este estudo relata o caso de Shar-pei, macho de 8 meses de idade, pesando 21,5 kg que apresentava o eixo visual obstruído, secreção ocular e odor fétido nas dobras faciais em torno da mandíbula e do pescoço. Foi indicada a ressecção cirúrgica das pregas e a correção do entrópio superior e inferior. Neste caso, a associação da técnica de Hotz-Celsus com a ritidectomia em forma de semiarcos, utilizando pontos de ancoragem com a técnica "walking suture" modificada, foi efetiva na correção do entrópio e na liberação do eixo visual, com mínima cicatriz e preservação do padrão da raça 12 meses após a cirurgia.

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The tear lipid layer (oily outer layer) reduces evaporation and prevents tear overflow. In dogs, reductions in the lipid components of this layer (cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids) can cause eye serious diseases. In this way, the tear crystallization test analyzes the lacrimal quality, however, it is less used in veterinary. As phytosterol reduces blood cholesterol, the objective of this study was to investigate, through the tear crystallization test, whether the systemic administration of this drug influences the lacrimal quality of healthy dogs and, in addition, to verify differences in the interpretation of the ophthalmic test between different evaluators. Eight beagles, healthy, of both sexes, young and adults, without clinical ophthalmic signs apparent were selected. Basal lacrimal samples (D0) were collected from the right and left eye of all animals with glass capillary tube and arranged on a glass slide for scanning the images and subsequent microscopic analysis. Subsequently, all were medicated with the phytosterol (Collestra® 650 mg: 1 capsule, orally, every 12 hours, for 15 days). After seven (D7) and fifteen (D15) days of this systemic administration, the tear crystallization test in both eyes of all dogs was again performed for statistical comparison with the baseline results. The photographs of the slides were classified by four evaluators (AV1 and AV2 with professional experience in ophthalmology and AV3 and AV4 without previous professional experience in ophthalmology), following standards established by Rolando (1984). The results were statistically verified by analysis of simple variance (ANOVA One-Way). There was no statistical difference in the tear crystallization test between the established periods and in relation to the different ophthalmic test evaluators (p≤0.05). Although phytosterols reduce blood cholesterol levels, it was observed in the present study that these drugs when administered systemically did not interfere in the tear lipid layer and, consequently, in the lacrimal quality of healthy dogs, and may be prescribed as lipid-lowering agents for patients with ocular diseases, especially the lacrimal ones.

A camada lipídica lacrimal (camada externa oleosa) reduz a evaporação e previne o transbordamento lacrimal. Em cães, reduções nos componentes lipídicos desta camada (colesterol, triglicérides e fosfolipídios) podem causar doenças graves nos olhos. Desta forma, o teste de cristalização lacrimal analisa a qualidade lacrimal, no entanto, é menos utilizado em veterinária. Como o fitoesterol reduz o colesterol sanguíneo, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, através do teste de cristalização lacrimal, se a administração sistêmica deste fármaco influencia na qualidade lacrimal de cães hígidos e, além disso, verificar diferenças na interpretação do teste oftalmológico entre diferentes avaliadores. Oito beagles, saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, jovens e adultos, sem sinais oftalmológicos clínicos aparentes foram selecionados. Amostras lacrimais basais (D0) foram coletadas do olho direito e esquerdo de todos os animais, com tubo capilar de vidro e, dispostas em lâmina de vidro para escaneamento das imagens e posterior análise microscópica. Ato contínuo todos foram medicados com o fitoesterol (Collestra® 650 mg: 1 cápsula, por via oral, a cada 12 horas, durante 15 dias). Após sete (D7) e quinze (D15) dias desta administração sistêmica, o teste de cristalização lacrimal em ambos os olhos de todos os cães foi novamente realizado para comparação estatística com os resultados basais. As fotografias das lâminas foram classificadas por quatro avaliadores (AV1 e AV2 com experiência profissional em oftalmologia e AV3 e AV4 sem experiência profissional prévia em oftalmologia), seguindo padrões estabelecidos por Rolando (1984). Os resultados foram estatisticamente verificados pela análise de variância simples (ANOVA One-Way). Não houve diferença estatística no teste de cristalização lacrimal entre os períodos estabelecidos e em relação aos diferentes avaliadores de teste oftalmológico (p≤0,05). Embora os fitoesteróis reduzam os níveis de colesterol no sangue, observou-se no presente estudo que esses fármacos quando administrados sistemicamente não interferiram na camada lipídica da lágrima e, consequentemente, na qualidade lacrimal de cães hígidos, podendo ser prescritos como agentes hipolipemiantes para pacientes com doenças oculares, especialmente as lacrimais.

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ABSTRACT: Long bone fractures are commonly in surgery routine and several bone imobilization techniques are currently available. Technological progress has enabled to use low cost materials in surgical procedures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of polyamide 12 rods, solid and hollow in swine femurs, comparing them through flexion strength. This study had as second aim to fix the locking errors, commom place in interlocking nails, once polyamide 12 allows perforation in any direction by orthopaedic screw. Six groups were used: G1 - eight whole swine femurs; G2 - eight whole swine femurs with drilled medullary canal; G3 - two solid polyamide 12 rods; G4 - two hollow polyamide 12 rods; G5 - eight osteotomized drilled swine femurs with a solid polyamide 12 rod implanted in the medullary canal and locked by four 316L stainless steel screws; and G6 - similar to G5 but using hollow rods instead of solid ones. No significant differences were observed for the modulus of rupture between solid and hollow rods, demonstrating that both rods had similar performances. These results led to the speculation that the addition of other polymers to the hollow rods could increase their strength and thus the bone-implant system. Furthermore, the comparison between G1, G5 and G6 could be analyzed using the finite element method in future. New polymeric materials may be developed based on the data from this study, strengthening the bone-implant system and making possible screws to be placed in any direction, nullifying the detrimental forces on the fracture site.

RESUMO: Fraturas em ossos longos são comumente encontradas na rotina cirúrgica e várias técnicas de imobilização óssea estão disponíveis. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se viável utilizar materiais de baixo custo nos procedimentos, portanto esse estudo objetivou avaliar a aplicabilidade de hastes de poliamida 12, sólidas e vazadas, implantadas em fêmures suínos, comparando-as segundo as forças de flexão e aos erros de bloqueio, corriqueiros nesse implante, uma vez que a poliamida 12 permite sua perfuração em qualquer direção por meio de parafusos ortopédicos. Seis grupos foram usados: G1 - oito fêmures suínos íntegros; G2 - oito fêmures suínos, fresados intramedularmente; G3 - duas hastes maciças de poliamida 12; G4 - duas hastes vazadas de poliamida 12; G5 - oito fêmures suínos osteotomizados e fresados, com haste de poliamida 12 maciça implantada no canal medular e bloqueada com quatro parafusos de aço inoxidável 316L e G6 - diferente de G5 apenas por utilizar hastes vazadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no módulo de ruptura entre hastes sólidas e vazadas, demonstrando que ambas apresentaram o mesmo desempenho. Estes resultados levaram à especulação de que adicionar outros polímeros às hastes vazadas aumentaria sua força e, portanto, do sistema osso-implante. Além disso, a comparação entre G1, G5 e G6 poderia no futuro ser analisada utilizando o método dos elementos finitos. Novos polímeros podem ser desenvolvidos baseando-se nos dados deste estudo, reforçando o sistema osso-implante e também possibilitando o uso de perfurações para o bloqueio no transoperatório em qualquer direção, anulando as forças deletérias atuantes no sítio de fratura.

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ABSTRACT: Long bone fractures are commonly in surgery routine and several bone imobilization techniques are currently available. Technological progress has enabled to use low cost materials in surgical procedures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of polyamide 12 rods, solid and hollow in swine femurs, comparing them through flexion strength. This study had as second aim to fix the locking errors, commom place in interlocking nails, once polyamide 12 allows perforation in any direction by orthopaedic screw. Six groups were used: G1 - eight whole swine femurs; G2 - eight whole swine femurs with drilled medullary canal; G3 - two solid polyamide 12 rods; G4 - two hollow polyamide 12 rods; G5 - eight osteotomized drilled swine femurs with a solid polyamide 12 rod implanted in the medullary canal and locked by four 316L stainless steel screws; and G6 - similar to G5 but using hollow rods instead of solid ones. No significant differences were observed for the modulus of rupture between solid and hollow rods, demonstrating that both rods had similar performances. These results led to the speculation that the addition of other polymers to the hollow rods could increase their strength and thus the bone-implant system. Furthermore, the comparison between G1, G5 and G6 could be analyzed using the finite element method in future. New polymeric materials may be developed based on the data from this study, strengthening the bone-implant system and making possible screws to be placed in any direction, nullifying the detrimental forces on the fracture site.(AU)

RESUMO: Fraturas em ossos longos são comumente encontradas na rotina cirúrgica e várias técnicas de imobilização óssea estão disponíveis. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se viável utilizar materiais de baixo custo nos procedimentos, portanto esse estudo objetivou avaliar a aplicabilidade de hastes de poliamida 12, sólidas e vazadas, implantadas em fêmures suínos, comparando-as segundo as forças de flexão e aos erros de bloqueio, corriqueiros nesse implante, uma vez que a poliamida 12 permite sua perfuração em qualquer direção por meio de parafusos ortopédicos. Seis grupos foram usados: G1 - oito fêmures suínos íntegros; G2 - oito fêmures suínos, fresados intramedularmente; G3 - duas hastes maciças de poliamida 12; G4 - duas hastes vazadas de poliamida 12; G5 - oito fêmures suínos osteotomizados e fresados, com haste de poliamida 12 maciça implantada no canal medular e bloqueada com quatro parafusos de aço inoxidável 316L e G6 - diferente de G5 apenas por utilizar hastes vazadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no módulo de ruptura entre hastes sólidas e vazadas, demonstrando que ambas apresentaram o mesmo desempenho. Estes resultados levaram à especulação de que adicionar outros polímeros às hastes vazadas aumentaria sua força e, portanto, do sistema osso-implante. Além disso, a comparação entre G1, G5 e G6 poderia no futuro ser analisada utilizando o método dos elementos finitos. Novos polímeros podem ser desenvolvidos baseando-se nos dados deste estudo, reforçando o sistema osso-implante e também possibilitando o uso de perfurações para o bloqueio no transoperatório em qualquer direção, anulando as forças deletérias atuantes no sítio de fratura.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Long bone fractures are commonly in surgery routine and several bone imobilization techniques are currently available. Technological progress has enabled to use low cost materials in surgical procedures. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of polyamide 12 rods, solid and hollow in swine femurs, comparing them through flexion strength. This study had as second aim to fix the locking errors, commom place in interlocking nails, once polyamide 12 allows perforation in any direction by orthopaedic screw. Six groups were used: G1 - eight whole swine femurs; G2 - eight whole swine femurs with drilled medullary canal; G3 - two solid polyamide 12 rods; G4 - two hollow polyamide 12 rods; G5 - eight osteotomized drilled swine femurs with a solid polyamide 12 rod implanted in the medullary canal and locked by four 316L stainless steel screws; and G6 - similar to G5 but using hollow rods instead of solid ones. No significant differences were observed for the modulus of rupture between solid and hollow rods, demonstrating that both rods had similar performances. These results led to the speculation that the addition of other polymers to the hollow rods could increase their strength and thus the bone-implant system. Furthermore, the comparison between G1, G5 and G6 could be analyzed using the finite element method in future. New polymeric materials may be developed based on the data from this study, strengthening the bone-implant system and making possible screws to be placed in any direction, nullifying the detrimental forces on the fracture site.

RESUMO: Fraturas em ossos longos são comumente encontradas na rotina cirúrgica e várias técnicas de imobilização óssea estão disponíveis. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se viável utilizar materiais de baixo custo nos procedimentos, portanto esse estudo objetivou avaliar a aplicabilidade de hastes de poliamida 12, sólidas e vazadas, implantadas em fêmures suínos, comparando-as segundo as forças de flexão e aos erros de bloqueio, corriqueiros nesse implante, uma vez que a poliamida 12 permite sua perfuração em qualquer direção por meio de parafusos ortopédicos. Seis grupos foram usados: G1 - oito fêmures suínos íntegros; G2 - oito fêmures suínos, fresados intramedularmente; G3 - duas hastes maciças de poliamida 12; G4 - duas hastes vazadas de poliamida 12; G5 - oito fêmures suínos osteotomizados e fresados, com haste de poliamida 12 maciça implantada no canal medular e bloqueada com quatro parafusos de aço inoxidável 316L e G6 - diferente de G5 apenas por utilizar hastes vazadas. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no módulo de ruptura entre hastes sólidas e vazadas, demonstrando que ambas apresentaram o mesmo desempenho. Estes resultados levaram à especulação de que adicionar outros polímeros às hastes vazadas aumentaria sua força e, portanto, do sistema osso-implante. Além disso, a comparação entre G1, G5 e G6 poderia no futuro ser analisada utilizando o método dos elementos finitos. Novos polímeros podem ser desenvolvidos baseando-se nos dados deste estudo, reforçando o sistema osso-implante e também possibilitando o uso de perfurações para o bloqueio no transoperatório em qualquer direção, anulando as forças deletérias atuantes no sítio de fratura.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of epididymis cooling on bovine frozen sperm viability. Ten pairs of testes/epididymes were collected of a commercial slaughterhouse; one epididymis from each pair was refrigerated at 4ºC for 12 hours and the other immediately proceeded. Epididymis was isolated, sperm cells collected after epididymal slicing and then analyzed regarding to motility, vigor, total number of sperm, morphology and membrane integrity. Sperm cells were frozen in Botubov® extender (Botupharma Biotecnologia Animal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) and thawed for semen analysis. The same procedure was performed with cooled testis/epididymis. Results demonstrated higher viability (p < = 0,05) of fresh cells to the total number of spermatozoa (1,9 ± 1,2 versus 0,9 ± 0,9 x 109 spermatozoa), sperm motility (74,0 ± 15,1 versus 20,5 ± 13,8%) and vigor (3,7 ± 0,5 versus 1,7 ± 0,8), and for pos-thawing motility (23,5 ± 16,7 versus 8,0 ± 7,9%) and vigor (2,0 ± 0,8 versus 0,8 ± 0,8) when spermatozoa were collected immediately post-slaughter than maintained cooling 12 hours, respectively. We conclude that 12 hours of epididymis cooling after slaughter decreases sperm cells quality.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da refrigeração do epidídimo, sobre a viabilidade dos espermatozoides congelados. Foram colhidos dez pares de testículos/epidídimos de um abatedouro comercial. Um dos epidídimos foi refrigerado a 4C durante 12 horas e o contralateral foi imediatamente processado. O epidídimo foi isolado, as células espermáticas extraídas e analisadas quanto à motilidade, vigor, concentração, morfologia e integridade da membrana. Após a análise, os espermatozoides foram congelados em diluente Botubov® (Botupharma Biotecnologia Animal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil) e descongelados para análise. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado com o testículo/epidídimo refrigerado. Os resultados evidenciaram maior viabilidade (p < = 0,05) das células pré-congelação para os parâmetros, número total de espermatozides (1,9 ± 1,2 versus 0,9 ± 0,9 x 109 espermatozoides), motilidade (74,0 ± 15,1 versus 20,5 ± 13,8%) e vigor (3,7 ± 0,5 versus 1,7 ± 0,8), e pós-congelação, motilidade (23,5 ± 16,7 versus 8,0 ± 7,9%) e vigor (2,0 ± 0,8 versus 0,8 ± 0,8) quando os espermatozoides foram colhidos a partir de epidídimos processados imediatamente após o abate quando comparados aos mantidos 12 horas sob refrigeração, respectivamente. Conclui-se que 12 horas de refrigeração do epidídimo após o abate, prejudica a qualidade das células espermáticas, impossibilitando a congelação do sêmen.(AU)

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da refrigeração do epidídimo, sobre a viabilidade dos espermatozoides congelados. Foram colhidos dez pares de testículos/epidídimos de um abatedouro comercial. Um dos epidídimos foi refrigerado a 4°C durante 12 horas e o contralateral foi imediatamente processado. O epidídimo foi isolado, as células espermáticas extraídas e analisadas quanto à motilidade, vigor, concentração, morfologia e integridade da membrana. Após a análise, os espermatozoides foram congelados em diluente Botubov® (Botupharma Biotecnologia Animal, Botucatu, SP, Brasil) e descongelados para análise. O mesmo procedimento foi realizado com o testículo/epidídimo refrigerado. Os resultados evidenciaram maior viabilidade (p≤0,05) das células pré-congelação para os parâmetros, número total de espermatozides (1,9 ± 1,2 versus 0,9 ± 0,9 x 109 espermatozoides), motilidade (74,0 ± 15,1 versus 20,5 ± 13,8%) e vigor (3,7 ± 0,5 versus 1,7 ± 0,8), e pós-congelação, motilidade (23,5 ± 16,7 versus 8,0 ± 7,9%) e vigor (2,0 ± 0,8 versus 0,8 ± 0,8) quando os espermatozoides foram colhidos a partir de epidídimos processados imediatamente após o abate quando comparados aos mantidos 12 horas sob refrigeração, respectivamente. Conclui-se que 12 horas de refrigeração do epidídimo após o abate, prejudica a qualidade das células espermáticas, impossibilitando a congelação do sêmen

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of epididymis cooling on bovine frozen sperm viability. Ten pairs of testes/epididymes were collected of a commercial slaughterhouse; one epididymis from each pair was refrigerated at 4ºC for 12 hours and the other immediately proceeded. Epididymis was isolated, sperm cells collected after epididymal slicing and then analyzed regarding to motility, vigor, total number of sperm, morphology and membrane integrity. Sperm cells were frozen in Botubov® extender (Botupharma Biotecnologia Animal, Botucatu, SP, Brazil) and thawed for semen analysis. The same procedure was performed with cooled testis/epididymis. Results demonstrated higher viability (p≤0,05) of fresh cells to the total number of spermatozoa (1,9 ± 1,2 versus 0,9 ± 0,9 x 109 spermatozoa), sperm motility (74,0 ± 15,1 versus 20,5 ± 13,8%) and vigor (3,7 ± 0,5 versus 1,7 ± 0,8), and for pos-thawing motility (23,5 ± 16,7 versus 8,0 ± 7,9%) and vigor (2,0 ± 0,8 versus 0,8 ± 0,8) when spermatozoa were collected immediately post-slaughter than maintained cooling 12 hours, respectively. We conclude that 12 hours of epididymis cooling after slaughter decreases sperm cells quality.

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Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cancer in the oral epithelium of dogs and rarely involves the retrobulbar area. The diagnosis is confirmed with cytological and histopathological exam. Faced with the unusual occurrence of retrobulbar tumors in dogs, we report a case of SCC in the left maxilla, with ipsilateral retrobulbar metastasis, and also highlight clinical aspects of the neoplasia, exams, early diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.Case: A male dog, 17 years old, with a history of visual loss, enlargement of left eye and prostration after 25 days of a dental treatment. The patient had exophthalmia of the left eye with mild lateral deviation, meibomitis, lagophthalmos, moderate conjunctival hyperemia and episcleral congestion, protrusion of the third eyelid, epiphora, moderate purulent discharge, paracentral corneal degeneration, absence of pupillary reflex to light (direct and consensual) and presence of immature cataract. The Schirmer test and intraocular pressure were normal, as well as complete blood count and biochemical profile. Due to the testy temperament of the animal, the intraoral examination was limited to two-thirds of the jaw in the first appointment. Ocular vitreous ultrasound was performed showing moderate amount of membranous and punctate echoes, as well as medium-high reflectivity were present in all meridians...

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é considerado a segunda neoplasia oral não odontogênica, maligna, mais frequente em cães [6] e raramente acomete a região retrobulbar nesta espécie [3,11]. Neoplasias retrobulbares têm representatividade de 4% quando comparadas as de outras estruturas oculares [2] e em 74% das vezes, representam metástases [8].Diante da ocorrência incomum de neoplasias na região retrobulbar em cães, objetivou-se relatar o caso de CCE na maxila esquerda, com metástase retrobulbar ipsilateral, não obstante, ressaltar importantes aspectos da neoplasia que auxiliem no rápido diagnóstico e na escolha terapêutica...

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Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cancer in the oral epithelium of dogs and rarely involves the retrobulbar area. The diagnosis is confirmed with cytological and histopathological exam. Faced with the unusual occurrence of retrobulbar tumors in dogs, we report a case of SCC in the left maxilla, with ipsilateral retrobulbar metastasis, and also highlight clinical aspects of the neoplasia, exams, early diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.Case: A male dog, 17 years old, with a history of visual loss, enlargement of left eye and prostration after 25 days of a dental treatment. The patient had exophthalmia of the left eye with mild lateral deviation, meibomitis, lagophthalmos, moderate conjunctival hyperemia and episcleral congestion, protrusion of the third eyelid, epiphora, moderate purulent discharge, paracentral corneal degeneration, absence of pupillary reflex to light (direct and consensual) and presence of immature cataract. The Schirmer test and intraocular pressure were normal, as well as complete blood count and biochemical profile. Due to the testy temperament of the animal, the intraoral examination was limited to two-thirds of the jaw in the first appointment. Ocular vitreous ultrasound was performed showing moderate amount of membranous and punctate echoes, as well as medium-high reflectivity were present in all meridians...(AU)

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é considerado a segunda neoplasia oral não odontogênica, maligna, mais frequente em cães [6] e raramente acomete a região retrobulbar nesta espécie [3,11]. Neoplasias retrobulbares têm representatividade de 4% quando comparadas as de outras estruturas oculares [2] e em 74% das vezes, representam metástases [8].Diante da ocorrência incomum de neoplasias na região retrobulbar em cães, objetivou-se relatar o caso de CCE na maxila esquerda, com metástase retrobulbar ipsilateral, não obstante, ressaltar importantes aspectos da neoplasia que auxiliem no rápido diagnóstico e na escolha terapêutica...(AU)

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This study analysed the effect of pastes formulated with calcium hydroxide P.A. and different vehicles (saline solution - paste A and Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon oil - paste B) on oral microorganisms and dentin bridge formation in dogs. The antimicrobial action of the pastes and their components was analysed by the minimum inhibitory concentration in agar gel technique. The components were diluted and tested on fifteen standard strains of microorganisms associated with endodontic diseases. The microorganisms were cultivated and after incubation data was analysed using One-Way ANOVA and Turkey's test (P≤0.05). Four superior incisors of ten animals were used to evaluate dentin bridge formation. Two incisors were capped with paste A (GA) and two with paste B (GB). After 90 days, the teeth were extracted for histological analysis and the degree of dentin bridge formation evaluated. Data was analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). The pastes and their components were classified in the following decreasing order of antimicrobial action: calcium hydroxide P.A., paste A, paste B and Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon oil. Calcium hydroxide P.A. showed significantly higher antimicrobial action than the pastes or their vehicles. No significant difference was observed between the two pastes in dentin bridge formation. Based on the microorganisms studied, it can be concluded that the pastes analysed showed similar antimicrobial potential but differed significantly from their individual components. No significant difference was observed in dentin bridge formation between the different pastes tested.

Foi avaliada a ação de pastas formuladas com hidróxido de cálcio P.A. e diferentes veículos (solução fisiológica - pasta A e óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon - pasta B) sobre microrganismos bucais e formação de ponte dentinária em cães. A ação antimicrobiana das pastas e de seus componentes individuais foi avaliada pela técnica da concentração inibitória mínima pela diluição em ágar. Os materiais foram diluídos e avaliados contra quinze cepas padrão de microrganismos relacionados a doenças endodônticas. Os microrganismos foram cultivados e, após a incubação, os dados foram analisados (Anova One-Way, Tukey, P≤0,05). Para a avaliação da formação de ponte dentinária, quatro incisivos superiores de dez animais foram tratados, sendo dois capeados com pasta A (GA) e dois com a pasta B (GB). Após 90 dias, os dentes foram extraídos para obtenção de cortes histológicos, com o objetivo de se avaliar o grau de formação de ponte dentinária. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (Kruskal-Wallis, P<0,05). Segundo a ação antimicrobiana, os materiais foram classificados em ordem decrescente: hidróxido de cálcio P.A., pasta A, pasta B e óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o hidróxido de cálcio P.A., as pastas e os veículos. Ao final do estudo, observou-se que as duas pastas avaliadas foram semelhantes quanto à formação de ponte dentinária. Considerando-se os microrganismos selecionados, conclui-se que as pastas avaliadas foram semelhantes entre si em termos de potencial antimicrobiano, diferindo dos componentes individuais. Em relação à formação de ponte dentinária, não foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os dentes tratados com as diferentes pastas.

RESUMO

This study analysed the effect of pastes formulated with calcium hydroxide P.A. and different vehicles (saline solution - paste A and Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon oil - paste B) on oral microorganisms and dentin bridge formation in dogs. The antimicrobial action of the pastes and their components was analysed by the minimum inhibitory concentration in agar gel technique. The components were diluted and tested on fifteen standard strains of microorganisms associated with endodontic diseases. The microorganisms were cultivated and after incubation data was analysed using One-Way ANOVA and Turkey's test (P0.05). Four superior incisors of ten animals were used to evaluate dentin bridge formation. Two incisors were capped with paste A (GA) and two with paste B (GB). After 90 days, the teeth were extracted for histological analysis and the degree of dentin bridge formation evaluated. Data was analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (P 0.05). The pastes and their components were classified in the following decreasing order of antimicrobial action: calcium hydroxide P.A., paste A, paste B and Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon oil. Calcium hydroxide P.A. showed significantly higher antimicrobial action than the pastes or their vehicles. No significant difference was observed between the two pastes in dentin bridge formation. Based on the microorganisms studied, it can be concluded that the pastes analysed showed similar antimicrobial potential but differed significantly from their individual components. No significant difference was observed in dentin bridge formation between the different pastes tested.(AU)

Foi avaliada a ação de pastas formuladas com hidróxido de cálcio P.A. e diferentes veículos (solução fisiológica - pasta A e óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon - pasta B) sobre microrganismos bucais e formação de ponte dentinária em cães. A ação antimicrobiana das pastas e de seus componentes individuais foi avaliada pela técnica da concentração inibitória mínima pela diluição em ágar. Os materiais foram diluídos e avaliados contra quinze cepas padrão de microrganismos relacionados a doenças endodônticas. Os microrganismos foram cultivados e, após a incubação, os dados foram analisados (Anova One-Way, Tukey, P0,05). Para a avaliação da formação de ponte dentinária, quatro incisivos superiores de dez animais foram tratados, sendo dois capeados com pasta A (GA) e dois com a pasta B (GB). Após 90 dias, os dentes foram extraídos para obtenção de cortes histológicos, com o objetivo de se avaliar o grau de formação de ponte dentinária. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (Kruskal-Wallis, P 0,05). Segundo a ação antimicrobiana, os materiais foram classificados em ordem decrescente: hidróxido de cálcio P.A., pasta A, pasta B e óleo de Copaifera langsdorffii Desfon, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o hidróxido de cálcio P.A., as pastas e os veículos. Ao final do estudo, observou-se que as duas pastas avaliadas foram semelhantes quanto à formação de ponte dentinária. Considerando-se os microrganismos selecionados, conclui-se que as pastas avaliadas foram semelhantes entre si em termos de potencial antimicrobiano, diferindo dos componentes individuais. Em relação à formação de ponte dentinária, não foram observadas diferenças significantes entre os dentes tratados com as diferentes pastas.(AU)

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O aumento do número de animais de companhia, seguido do despreparo e desconhecimento demuitos proprietários sobre a responsabilidade assumida ao adquirir um animal motivaram este estudo. Assim,através de um questionário, objetivou-se traçar o perfil do conhecimento dos tutores atendidos em um HospitalVeterinário Universitário sobre a posse responsável de cães e gatos. Os questionários foram individualmenteavaliados e os resultados expressos em valores absolutos e/ou percentuais. Os dados obtidos revelaram adesinformação dos pesquisados frente aos cuidados com os animais para evitar a ocorrência de acidentes ezoonoses. Também reforçaram a necessidade da atuação constante dos médicos veterinários na instrução econscientização da população sobre temas ligados à saúde pública e posse responsável. Verificou-se ainda, queo tempo de espera para consulta pode ser útil para a divulgação de informações e que, em um Hospital Escola,o envolvimento voluntário de discentes nesse ato seria de grande valia. Contudo, é preciso a adoção de açõesmultidisciplinares, em que governo e sociedade partilhem responsabilidades inerentes ao bem-estar animal eprevenção de doenças e acidentes na população humana

This study was motivated by the increasing number of pet animals, followed by the lack ofpreparation and ignorance of many owners about responsibility assumed by acquiring an animal. Thus, througha questionnaire, it was aimed to trace the knowledge profile about responsible ownership of dogs and cats ofthe tutors attended at Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The data were evaluated and results were showed inpercentual and/or absolute numbers. The data obtained revealed the surveyed disinformation regarding animalcare in order to avoid accidents and zoonoses. Also underscore the need for constant action of veterinarians ineducation and public awareness on issues related to public health and responsible ownership. It was also foundthat the waiting time for consultation may be useful for disseminating information and, in a teaching hospital,the voluntary involvement of students in this act would be of great value. However, it is necessary to adoptmultidisciplinary actions where government and society share responsibilities inherent to animal welfare andthe prevention of illness and accidents in the human population

Assuntos

RESUMO

O aumento do número de animais de companhia, seguido do despreparo e desconhecimento demuitos proprietários sobre a responsabilidade assumida ao adquirir um animal motivaram este estudo. Assim,através de um questionário, objetivou-se traçar o perfil do conhecimento dos tutores atendidos em um HospitalVeterinário Universitário sobre a posse responsável de cães e gatos. Os questionários foram individualmenteavaliados e os resultados expressos em valores absolutos e/ou percentuais. Os dados obtidos revelaram adesinformação dos pesquisados frente aos cuidados com os animais para evitar a ocorrência de acidentes ezoonoses. Também reforçaram a necessidade da atuação constante dos médicos veterinários na instrução econscientização da população sobre temas ligados à saúde pública e posse responsável. Verificou-se ainda, queo tempo de espera para consulta pode ser útil para a divulgação de informações e que, em um Hospital Escola,o envolvimento voluntário de discentes nesse ato seria de grande valia. Contudo, é preciso a adoção de açõesmultidisciplinares, em que governo e sociedade partilhem responsabilidades inerentes ao bem-estar animal eprevenção de doenças e acidentes na população humana(AU)

This study was motivated by the increasing number of pet animals, followed by the lack ofpreparation and ignorance of many owners about responsibility assumed by acquiring an animal. Thus, througha questionnaire, it was aimed to trace the knowledge profile about responsible ownership of dogs and cats ofthe tutors attended at Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The data were evaluated and results were showed inpercentual and/or absolute numbers. The data obtained revealed the surveyed disinformation regarding animalcare in order to avoid accidents and zoonoses. Also underscore the need for constant action of veterinarians ineducation and public awareness on issues related to public health and responsible ownership. It was also foundthat the waiting time for consultation may be useful for disseminating information and, in a teaching hospital,the voluntary involvement of students in this act would be of great value. However, it is necessary to adoptmultidisciplinary actions where government and society share responsibilities inherent to animal welfare andthe prevention of illness and accidents in the human population(AU)

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos oculares, a exequibilidade e qualidade do bloqueio retrobulbar pela técnica inferior temporal, em cães, com diferentes anestésicos locais empregando-se agulha epidural de Tuohy. Oito cães foram incluídos no experimento e cada um foi estudado quatro vezes, com intervalo de 15 dias entre os tratamentos: Lido - lidocaína a 2%; Ropi - ropivacaína a 0,5%, Bupi - bupivacaína racêmica a 0,5% e Levo - levobupivacaína a 0,75%. Com exceção da ropivacaína, todos os anestésicos continham epinefrina 1:200.000. Os bloqueios foram realizados nos olhos direitos dos animais imediatamente após a indução anestésica, e os olhos esquerdos, não bloqueados, foram utilizados como controle. Avaliou-se a pressão intraocular, a produção lacrimal e a sensibilidade corneal antes de qualquer procedimento (T0), 30 min após a medicação pré-anestésica (TMPA), 30 min após a indução anestésica (T30), após a recuperação da anestesia (TREC), a cada 60 min até 360 min e 12 e 24 h após o bloqueio. O diâmetro pupilar foi avaliado nos mesmos momentos, exceto no T0. A máxima dilatação pupilar foi observada no grupo Lido seguida pelos grupos Ropi, Bupi e Levo. Todos os anestésicos mantiveram a pressão ocular dentro dos níveis normais para cães e reduziram significativamente a produção lacrimal. A produção lacrimal retornou ao normal primeiramente no grupo Lido, seguida pelo...(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ocular effects, the feasibility and the quality of retrobulbar block using the inferior temporal technique with different local anesthetics applied with the Tuohy epidural needle in dogs. Eight dogs were included in the experiment and each one was studied four times, with interval of 15 days between the treatments: Lido - 2% lidocaine, Ropi - 0.75% ropivacaine, Bupi - 0.5% racemic bupivacaine and Levo - 0.75% levobupivacaine. Except for the ropivacaine, all of the local anesthetics contained epinephrine at 1:200.000. The blocks were performed in the right eyes immediately after anesthetic induction, and the left eyes were not blocked and were used as controls. The intraocular pressure, tear production and corneal sensitivity were evaluated before any procedure (T0), 30 min after premedication (TMPA), 30 min after anesthetic induction (T30), after recovery from anesthesia (TREC), every 60 min up to 360 min and 12 and 24 h after the block. The pupil diameter was evaluated at the same time points, excepted at T0. The maximum pupillary dilatation was observed in Lido group at T120 followed by Ropi at TREC, and Bupi and Levo at T30. All of the anesthetics maintained eye pressure within acceptable levels for normal dogs and significantly reduced tear production. Tear production returned earliest in group Lido, followed by Bupi, Ropi...(AU)

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The occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum limits tear drainage and thus keeps it over the ocular surface, prolongs lubrication and minimizes the need of ocular lubricants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate and 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesives in the occlusion of the inferior lacrimal punctum and canaliculi of dogs and their clinical repercussions over 180 days. Eleven dogs, were divided into two groups: occlusion with n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (GB, n=6) and with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate (GO, n=5). Tear production, blepharospasm, ocular discharge, epiphora and conjunctival hyperemia were analyzed before the procedure and on days (T) 3,7,15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 after the procedure. Tear production of GB was significantly higher at T90 (P=0.0282) than its control. Variations between days showed that T7 (P=0.0069) and T180 (P=0.0207) varied significantly from T0. In the GO group, when treatment was compared to control, T15 (P 0.001) was significantly different from the rest. Variations between days showed that T15 was significantly different than T0 (P=0.0044), T3 (P=0.0234), T60 (P=0.0207) and T90 (P=0.0482). No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups at any given time. It was concluded that both adhesives were effective in occluding lacrimal drainage for long periods and could thus be considered as therapeutic options in treating animals with lacrimal deficiency.(AU)

A oclusão do ponto lacrimal inferior limita a drenagem da lágrima, mantendo-a sobre a superfície ocular, prolonga a lubrificação e minimiza a posologia de lubrificantes. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a efetividade dos adesivos n-butil-cianoacrilato e 2-octil-cianocacrilato, na oclusão do ponto e canalículo lacrimais inferiores de cães e suas repercussões clínicas durante 180 dias. Para tanto, utilizaram-se 11 cães distribuídos em dois grupos: oclusão com n-butil-cianoacrilato (GB, n=6) e com 2-octil-cianoacrilato (GO; n=5). A produção lacrimal foi avaliada previamente ao procedimento e, posteriormente, aos 3, 7, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias, assim como blefarospasmo, secreção ocular, epífora e hiperemia conjuntival. A produção lacrimal de GB diferiu significativamente de seu controle no momento T90 (P=0,0282). Entre momentos, T7 (p=0,0069) e T180 (P=0,0207), diferiram de T0. Em GO, comparando-se tratamento e controle, T15 (P 0,001) diferiu-se estatisticamente dos demais. Ao se compararem os momentos, verificou-se que T15 diferiu significativamente de T0 (P= 0,0044), T3 (P= 0,0234), T60 (P= 0,0207) e T 90 (P= 0,0482). Não foi observada diferença entre os tratamentos ao longo do tempo. Concluiu-se que ambos os adesivos foram efetivos para a oclusão da drenagem lacrimal por longo período, sendo uma opção factível para animais com deficiência do filme lacrimal.(AU)

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