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PURPOSE: This investigation aimed to explore attribute dynamics and symptomatic comorbidity of depression with internalizing, externalizing, and other personal-contextual problems in children and adolescents from a network analysis. METHODS: We tested an attribute network of regularized partial correlations, standard and alternative centrality measures, and comorbidity bridge symptoms according to centrality bridge measures. RESULTS: Regularized partial correlation network and a centrality measures graph shown the prominent position of social problems and anxiety-depression. Minimum spanning tree (MST) found a hierarchical dynamics between attributes where mixed anxiety-depression was identified as the core and the other attributes were hierarchically connected to it by being positioned in six branches that are differentiated according to their theoretical contents. The most central connections are established with the attributes of their own community or theoretical groups, and 37 bridge symptoms were identified in all networks. CONCLUSIONS: A significant role of mixed anxiety depression as an activator and intermediary of psychopathologies was supported as a central attribute of internalizing problems. Aggressive behavior as part of the broad externalizing dimension was one of the constructs that most intensively activate the network, and social problems were also distinguished as a relevant factor not only in terms of connections and central attributes but also in terms of bridge symptoms and comorbidity. This framework extends to the study of symptomatic "comorbidity."

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The combination of depression and anxiety is among the most prevalent comorbidities of disorders leading to substantial functional impairment in children and adolescents. The network perspective offers a new paradigm for understanding and measuring psychological constructs and their comorbidity. The present study aims to apply network analysis to explore the comorbidity between depression and anxiety symptoms. Specifically, the study examines bridge symptoms, comorbidity, and shortest pathway networks and estimates the impact of the symptoms in the network's connectivity and structure. The findings show that "feeling lonely" and "feeling unloved" are identified as the most central bridge symptoms. The shortest path network suggests that the role of a mixed anxiety-depressive symptomatology, and specific and non-specific symptoms of clinical criteria, such as "worries," "feels depressed," "fears school," and "talks about suicide" could serve as a warning for comorbidity.

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This study is based on a 40-item work climate scale in hospital emergency services (WCSHES). Teams working in these emergency services experience a heavy workload and have a limited amount of time with each patient. COVID-19 has further complicated these existing issues. Therefore, we believed it would be helpful to draft an abridged version of the 40-item WCSHES, considering both validity and reliability criteria, but giving greater weight to validity. One hundred and twenty-six workers between the ages of 20 to 64 (M = 32.45; standard deviation (SD = 9.73)) years old participated voluntarily in the study. The validity, reliability, and fit model were evaluated in an iterative process. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded appropriate global fit indices in the abridged 24-item version (Χ2(248) = 367.84; p < 0.01, RMSEA = 0.06 with an interval of 90% from 0.05 to 0.07, SRMR = 0.08, GFI = 0.9, AGFI = 0.96, CFI = 0.98, NFI = 0.95, and NNFI = 0.98), along with test criteria validity (ρXY = 0.68, p < 0.001) and excellent reliability (α = 0.94 and ω = 0.94), maintaining the same conceptualization and usefulness of the original scale. The abridged 24-item version was used to measure four work climate factors (work satisfaction, productivity/achievement of aims, interpersonal relations, and performance at work). Evidence of the usefulness of the new abridged scale is provided along with a description of our study limitations and future areas for development.

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ABSTRACT The present study aimed to determine the optimum response time (RT) needed to identify images of everyday objects when filtered using different spatial frequency bands. Subjects were randomly presented with different images of familiar objects that were both serialized and progressive in their spatial frequencies. The time needed to recognize them was then measured. The results showed that the optimum RT for identifying an image filtered in different spatial frequency bands was approximately 2000 ms of exposure. Specifically, stimuli presented using spatial frequency bands with Gaussian filters of variance V26-V32, which were familiar and of medium size to the viewer, were recognized in a mean time of 2126 ms.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el tiempo de respuesta óptimo (RT) necesario para identificar imágenes de objetos cotidianos cuando se filtran utilizando diferentes bandas de frecuencias espaciales. A los sujetos se les presentaba aleatoriamente diferentes imágenes de objetos familiares cuyas bandas de frecuencia eran progresivamente serializadas. Se midió el tiempo necesario para reconocerlos. Los resultados mostraron que la RT óptima para identificar una imagen filtrada en diferentes bandas de frecuencias espaciales fue de aproximadamente 2000 ms de exposición. En concreto, los estímulos presentados utilizando bandas de frecuencias espaciales con filtros gaussianos de varianza V26-V32, que eran familiares y de tamaño medio para el espectador, se reconocieron en un tiempo medio de 2126 ms.

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El objetivo de este estudio es averiguar si hay diferencias en las metas deportivas en función de que la actividad física se realice en contextos escolares o de competiciones deportivas. Participan 574 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, entre los 11 y 17 años, y 511 deportistas, entre los 16 y 45 años, quienes responden al Cuestionario de Orientación a la Tarea y al Ego en el Deporte. Los resultados permiten confirmar el modelo teórico y muestran que, tanto en las orientaciones de meta a la tarea y al ego, las puntuaciones medias resultan más elevadas en el caso de los deportistas. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo se encuentran algunas diferencias relevantes que son discutidas.

The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in the function of sports goals whether the physical activity is done in school settings or competitions. Five hundred and seventy-four students of Obligatory Secondary Education took part on this study, aged between 11 and 17, and 511 athletes, aged between 16 and 45 years, who answer to the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire. The results confirm the theoretical model and show that the average scores are higher in the case of athletes, in both cases goal orientations to the task and ego. Through a confirmatory multi group factorial analysis some relevant differences are found that have been discussed.

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La escala de gravedad de síntomas Revisada del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) es una entrevista estructurada que consta de 21 ítems, basada en los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-5, y sirve para evaluar la gravedad de los síntomas de este cuadro clínico. En este trabajo se describen las propiedades psicométricas de este instrumento. la muestra contó con 526 víctimas de agresiones sexuales o de violencia familiar y con una muestra normativa de 193 participantes. El instrumento global mostró una alta consistencia interna (α = .91), así como una buena validez discriminante (g = 1.27) y convergente (rbp = .78 con el diagnóstico). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyan los cuatro núcleos de síntomas del DSM-5. Un punto de corte de 20, con una eficacia diagnóstica del 82.48%, es apropiada para discriminar a las víctimas con un TEPT. Esta escala resulta útil para planificar el tratamiento y las investigaciones clínicas.

the posttraumatic stress Disorder (ptsD) symptom severity scale-revised is a 21-item structured interview based in DSM-5 criteria and intended to assess the severity of the symptoms of this mental disorder. This paper describes the psychometric properties of this instrument for assessing PTSD. The sample consisted of 526 patients who had been victims of sexual aggression or family violence and 193 people from the general population. The global instrument showed high internal consistency (α = .91), as well as good discriminant (g = 1.27) and concurrent validity (rpb = .78 with diagnosis of PTSD). The results of confirmatory factor analysis are presented and give support to the DSM-5 four symptom clusters. a cut-off point of 20, with a diagnostic efficacy of 82.48%, is appropriate to discriminate the victims with PTSD. The interview appears to be a sound instrument and should prove useful for treatment planning and research.

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ANTECEDENTES:Las necesidades de atención en salud mental infantil hacen necesario contar con estudios epidemiológicos que sirvan de base para perfeccionar las intervenciones y acrecentar el diagnóstico, con instrumentos fiables y adecuados al contexto.OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala para la Evaluación del Trastorno por Déficit Atencional (EDAH), en escolares de primaria y secundaria de Chile.MÉTODO: Se evaluó una muestra de 508 alumnos (144 con Déficit Atencional, 110 con sospecha de padecerlo y 254 comunes) mediante un test completado por sus profesores.RESULTADOS: La estructura factorial de la EDAH reveló tres factores que en conjunto explican el 71,61% de la varianza total de la escala, con un coeficiente Alfa de 0,948. Esto permite concluir que la adaptación de la escala presenta características psicométricas aceptables, una adecuada consistencia interna y que sus elementos poseen un adecuado poder discriminatorio.DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: Se efectuó el estudio transversal de salud mental en escolares chilenos, el cual reveló que la escala EDAH adaptada posee alta capacidad de discriminación, adecuada fiabilidad de elementos y factores, además de presentar un óptimo poder discriminante entre factores. Se analizan las implicaciones y el posible aporte en la detección precoz del diagnóstico clínico en salud mental.

BACKGROUND: The needs of children's mental health care make it necessary to have epidemiological studies that serve as a basis to refine the interventions and enhance the diagnosis with reliable and appropriate tools.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the scale for the assessment of the Attentional Deficit Disorder (ADHD) in primary and secondary schools in Chile.METHOD: A sample of 508 students (144 with Attentional deficits, 110 with suspected autism and 254 common) was assessed through a test completed by their teachers.RESULTS: The factorial structure of the ADHD revealed that three factors explain together the 71.61 % of the total variance of the scale, with a coefficient alpha of 0,948. This allows us to conclude that the scale presents acceptable psychometric characteristics and adequate internal consistency, and that its elements have a suitable discriminatory power.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIÓN: The present study of mental health in Chilean schoolchildren revealed that the ADHD adapted scale possesses a high discriminant capacity and adequate elements and factors reliability, as well as an optimal discriminant power among factors. We analyze the implications and possible contribution to the early detection of clinical diagnosis in mental health.

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The aim of this study was to investigate personality differences across age and sex groups in a Spanish children´s sample. The Big Five Questionnaire-Children (BFQ-C) was administered to a sample of 852 students (501 males and 351 females) aged 8 to 15 years. The results showed that a number of age and sex differences emerged. Adolescents scored higher on neuroticism, extraversion and lower on conscientiousness, openness and agreeableness. As far as the sex is concerned, despite females scoring higher on conscientiousness and agreeableness in the total sample, among adolescents girls reported higher scores on neuroticism and openness than male.

El presente estudio explora las diferencias por edad y sexo en los cinco factores de personalidad en población infantil. El cuestionario de personalidad de los cinco grandes (Big Five Questionnaire-Children. BFQ-C) fue administrado a 852 escolares (501 varones y 351 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre 8 y 15 años. La comparación de medias y el análisis discriminante indicaron un patrón de personalidad diferencial entre grupos. Los sujetos de más edad presentaron significativamente más características de neuroticismo y extraversión y menores niveles de conciencia, apertura y agradabilidad. Las chicas se caracterizaron por mayores rasgos de conciencia y agradabilidad que llegada la adolescencia equiparaban a sus iguales varones a favor de un aumento del neuroticismo y un descenso de la apertura.