RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Malnutrition has been consistently associated with caries in primary teeth, although an effect on permanent teeth has not been established because of the few longitudinal studies. AIM: To explore the association between stunting and caries increment in permanent teeth over 3.5 years. DESIGN: In 2003, 121 children aged 7-9 years were randomly selected from nine underserved communities in Lima (Peru). Parents provided demographic information and a food diary for their children. Clinical examinations included assessments of height, weight, oral hygiene, and dental caries. Stunting was defined using the 2000 CDC and 2007 WHO standards. In 2006, 83 children were re-examined, and the 3.5-year net DMFS increment was calculated. The association between stunting and net DMFS increment was assessed using negative binomial regression. RESULTS: Stunting was related to net DMFS increment after adjustment for sex and age, oral hygiene, sugary snacks between meals, and caries experience in primary and permanent teeth. Consistent results were found when using either the 2000 CDC (incidence rate ratio: 1.61; 95%CI: 1.07, 2.44) or 2007 WHO standards (IRR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.28, 2.51). CONCLUSION: Stunting was a significant risk factor for caries increment in permanent teeth over a 3.5-year period, independent of other well-known risk factors for caries development.
Assuntos
Estatura , Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/complicações , Desnutrição/complicações , Criança , Índice CPO , Dentição Permanente , Sacarose Alimentar , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/etiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Área Carente de Assistência Médica , Índice de Higiene Oral , Peru , Fatores de Risco , LanchesRESUMO
This pilot study investigated the relationship between sugar consumption/ preference and the length of residence in the U.S. among certain immigrant groups. The study sample consisted of 213 volunteers from community organizations and church groups, of Nigerian (45%), Mexican (31%), and Chinese (24%) descent. Data were collected on demographics, sugar consumption/preference (24-hour dietary recall), and oral health status. The age of respondents varied from 18 to 93 years with a mean age of 37.0 ± 11.7 years. The mean length of residence was 9.2 ± 7.2 years, and the mean sugar consumption was 122.4 ± 114.6 g/day. Immigrants from Mexico and Nigeria reported consuming more servings of sweets per day than the Chinese (p= .006); Mexican immigrants had the highest level of sugar preference (p= .001). No significant differences were observed between the length of residence and either sugar consumption or sugar preference. Greater availability of sugar and sweet snacks does not always result in increased sugar consumption or sugar preference.
Assuntos
Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Preferências Alimentares/etnologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , China/etnologia , Índice CPO , Assistência Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Carboidratos da Dieta/administração & dosagem , Fibras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Escolaridade , Ingestão de Energia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estado Civil/etnologia , México/etnologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/etnologia , Projetos Piloto , Classe Social , Texas , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: To assess dental caries prevalence in adolescents at urban and sub-urban areas of Maputo-City, Mozambique and to identify its relationship with dental fluorosis, dental plaque, nutritional status, frequency of sugar consumption and the concentration of fluoride in public water supply. METHODS: Subjects (n=601) were randomly selected from five urban schools and five sub-urban schools. Clinical examinations were performed under standardised conditions by a trained examiner using DMFT index, SiC index, fluorosis index, PHP, BMI, a sugar consumption questionnaire and water supply analysis. The bivariate analysis and Pearson correlation was used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean (DMFT) was 0.9 (+/- 1.65 SD). Children in urban schools showed less dental caries (0.8 +/- 1.49 SD) than children in sub-urban schools (1.1 +/- 1.80 SD, p = 0.03). Only 8.15% had very mild to moderate fluorosis but most presented poor oral hygiene. Cases of malnutrition were found in more sub-urban schools (n=109; 36.22%) than in urban schools (n=66; 22.00%) (p = 0.03). The frequency of sugar consumption was higher among urban children compared to suburban schools (p < 0.00). The level of fluoride in water consumption in urban schools was 0.4 ppmF, above the level of fluoride in sub-urban schools, 0.2 ppmF. CONCLUSION: Dental caries should not be considered a major oral health problem in Maputo at the moment. However the data suggest the implementation of a population strategy to reduce dental caries rates, in children of both urban and sub-urban areas, in Maputo.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Cariostáticos/análise , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Placa Dentária/epidemiologia , Sacarose Alimentar/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Fluoretos/análise , Fluorose Dentária/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Moçambique/epidemiologia , Estado Nutricional , Índice de Higiene Oral , Prevalência , Saúde Suburbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Abastecimento de Água/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic differences in oral health have been reported in many countries. Poverty and social exclusion are two commonly used indicators of socioeconomic position in Latin America. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of poverty and social exclusion with dental caries experience in 12-year-old children. METHODS: Ninety families, with a child aged 12 years, were selected from 11 underserved communities in Lima (Peru), using a two-stage cluster sampling. Head of households were interviewed with regard to indicators of poverty and social exclusion and their children were clinically examined for dental caries. The associations of poverty and social exclusion with dental caries prevalence were tested in binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among children in the sample, 84.5% lived in poor households and 30.0% in socially excluded families. Out of all the children, 83.3% had dental caries. Poverty and social exclusion were significantly associated with dental caries in the unadjusted models (p = 0.013 and 0.047 respectively). In the adjusted model, poverty remained significantly related to dental caries (p = 0.008), but the association between social exclusion and dental caries was no longer significant (p = 0.077). Children living in poor households were 2.25 times more likely to have dental caries (95% confidence interval: 1.24; 4.09), compared to those living in non-poor households. CONCLUSION: There was support for an association between poverty and dental caries, but not for an association between social exclusion and dental caries in these children. Some potential explanations for these findings are discussed.