RESUMO
Differentiated thyroid cancer has an increasing incidence in recent years, but its mortality remains low. In this context, a preoperative ultrasound study is fundamental; it makes a difference due to its ability to adequately characterize local involvement, the presence of extrathyroidal extension and lymphatic metastases. A preoperative study can help to decide the best therapeutic measures and thus avoid adding greater morbidity to patients. In this article we present the relevant aspects to consider in the preoperative ultrasound evaluation of differentiated thyroid cancer and representative images of the main findings that can be found.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Metástase Linfática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Ultrassonografia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The liver has a complex vascularization and is subjected to a high metabolic demand, making it vulnerable to hemodynamic changes. As a result, several pathologies can develop, one of which is congestive hepatopathy. This disease occurs secondary to various cardiovascular conditions that generate a persistent passive venous congestion in the liver, which in the long term can culminate in fibrosis and cirrhosis, which in turn increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. In order to avoid this outcome, early diagnosis is crucial; however, both the clinical presentation and laboratory tests are unspecific, and they are only altered in advanced stages of the disease. One form of early detection is through imaging findings, there being various useful modalities such as Doppler ultrasonography (US), computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this article is to detail the imaging findings of congestive hepatopathy in the different available modalities, with special emphasis on Doppler US, highlighting the role of the radiologist in the suspicion of this disease. We summarize the pathophysiologic mechanisms of congestive hepatopathy, clinical findings, and provide description of its main differential diagnoses.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , RadiologistasRESUMO
Although intracranial venous thrombosis is a relatively rare disease, it constitutes an entity that must be timely and accurately diagnosed in emergency services, given the need for prompt treatment to avoid serious complications, including neurological deficits or even death. There are several imaging signs provided by both CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans that allow this early diagnosis. On the other hand, some differential diagnoses need to be performed to prevent the error of mistaking intracranial venous thrombosis for any other entity.
Si bien la trombosis venosa intracraneal es una patología relativamente poco frecuente, es una entidad que debe ser diagnosticada a tiempo y con certeza en los servicios de urgencia, dada la necesidad de pronto tratamiento para evitar complicaciones graves que incluyen déficit neurológicos e incluso muerte. Existen varios signos imaginológicos que nos permiten hacer este diagnóstico, tanto en tomografía computarizada como en resonancia magnética. Por otra parte, es necesario considerar algunos diagnósticos diferenciales para no cometer errores, confundiendo esta patología con otras entidades.
Assuntos
Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Trombose dos Seios Intracranianos/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Erros de Diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco , Sinais e Sintomas , Sinais e Sintomas , Trombose Intracraniana/diagnóstico , Trombose dos Seios IntracranianosRESUMO
El dolor de la cadera en niños es un motivo de consulta de relativa frecuencia en pediatría, pudiendo ser causado por patología propia de la cadera o referida. La acuciosidad semiológica y el conocimiento de las distintas etiologías permiten un adecuado análisis, evitando secuelas derivadas de un diagnóstico y tratamiento tardío.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Artropatias/complicações , Quadril/patologia , Dor/etiologia , Artropatias/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Cuando el médico se ve enfrentado en Atención Primaria a un niño con elementos clínicos o radiológicos sospechosos de patología de caderas, lo debe derivar precozmente a un centro de referencia con traumatólogo infantil. Sin embargo, en ocasiones consulta un paciente con su radiografía de pelvis tomada a los 3 meses (que es rutina en nuestro sistema de salud), cuando ya tiene 5 o 6 meses de edad, encontrándose signos de displasia del desarrollo de la cadera. ¿Qué fue lo que pasó? ¿Qué habrá sucedido después del último control? ¿Estamos aún a tiempo de revertir esta situación? ¿Quedará el paciente con secuelas? Son algunas de las interrogantes que el médico se plantea al momento de verse enfrentado a este tipo de sitaciones.