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High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive therapy modality in which ultrasound beams are concentrated at a focal region, producing a rise of temperature and selective ablation within the focal volume and leaving surrounding tissues intact. HIFU has been proposed for the safe ablation of both malignant and benign tissues and as an agent for drug delivery. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as guidance and monitoring method for the therapy. The identification of regions of interest is a crucial procedure in HIFU therapy planning. This procedure is performed in the MR images. The purpose of the present research work is to implement a time-efficient and functional segmentation scheme, based on the watershed segmentation algorithm, for the MR images used for the HIFU therapy planning. The achievement of a segmentation process with functional results is feasible, but preliminary image processing steps are required in order to define the markers for the segmentation algorithm. Moreover, the segmentation scheme is applied in parallel to an MR image data set through the use of a thread pool, achieving a near real-time execution and making a contribution to solve the time-consuming problem of the HIFU therapy planning.

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El síndrome metabólico (SM) ha sido ampliamente estudiado por su rol en la patogenia cardiovascular y en Chile su prevalencia es de 22,6 por ciento. Concientes del rol que le compete al equipo de salud en educación y prevención, quisimos conocer la prevalencia de este síndrome entre aquellos que deben educar sobre el tema. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de SM entre los funcionarios del Servicio de Medicina y correlacionar su presencia con los hábitos de vida de éstos. Material y Método: Previo consentimiento informado (evaluado y aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hospital Dr. Gustavo Fricke), se aplicó una encuesta estandarizada sobre estilo de vida y se realizó examen físico y exámenes de laboratorio a los funcionarios de Medicina entre el 1 de Agosto al 13 de Noviembre 2006. Los criterios diagnósticos utilizados fueron los del NCEP-ATPIII. Se utilizó los programas Excel 2003 y EpiInfo 6.0. Resultados: Se encuestó a 45 funcionarios, de un total de 92. De ellos 33,3 por ciento eran hombres y 66,7 por ciento mujeres. La edad media fue de 39,82 años (más ,menos 12,79). La distribución correspondió a 20,o por ciento personal paramédico, 8,9 por ciento enfermeras y 71,1 por ciento médicos. La prevalencia global de SM fue de 4,44 por ciento; (2 mujeres mayores de 40 años). Se pesquisó hipertensión arterial en el 31,1 por ciento de los funcionarios encuestados, perímetro de cintura aumentada en el 20 por ciento; hipertrigliceridemia en el 28,9 por ciento; HDL bajo en el 31,1 por ciento y glicemia basal alterada en el 2,2 por ciento. Un 73,3 por ciento lee las etiquetas de los alimentos. El consumo de grasas fue elevado en 13,3 por ciento del total encuestado (100 por ciento de las funcionarias con SM) y el consumo de frutas y verduras deficiente en 73,4 por ciento del total y el 100 por ciento de los funcionarios con SM. El 57,8 por ciento realiza alguna actividad física de intensidad moderada o alta.

The metabolic syndrome (SM) has been widely studied for its role in cardiovascular pathogenia and because in Chile the prevalence is 22.6 percent. Aware of the role that health personnel has in education and prevention of disease, we studied the prevalence on this syndrome among themselves. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of SM among the employees of the Internal Medicine Service and correlate its presence with their life habits. Materials and method: After a signed informed consent (evaluated and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Gustavo Fricke) was available, a standardized life style survey plus a physical examination and laboratory tests was applied to the personnel of the Internal Medicine Service between August 1º to November 13, 2006. The diagnostic criteria used were those of the NCEP-ATPIII. The data was processed through Excel 2003 and EpiInfo 6.0. Results: 45 employees, of a total of 92, were included. Of them, 33.3 percent were men and 66.7 percent women. The average age was of 39.82 years old (+ o - 12.79). Job distribution was 20.0 percent paramedic personnel, 8.9 percent nurses and 71.1 percent physicians. The global prevalence of SM was 4.44 percent; 2 women older than 40. In the group studied, arterial hypertension was found in 31.1 percent; increased waist perimeter in 20 percent; hipertrigliceridemia in 28.9 percent; low HDL in 31.1 percent and abnormal basal glicemia in 2.2 percent. Of them, 73,3 percent read the labels and components of the foods they eat. Fat consumption was elevated in 13,3 percent, (100 percent of those affected with SM) and deficient consumption of fruits and vegetables occurred in 73,4 percent of the group and in 100 percent of those with SM. Only 57.8 percent make some physical activity of moderate or high intensity.

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It is described the surgical interruption of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in ten premature newborn patients with cardiac insufficiency and/or respiratory distress syndrome. The authors mention the technical factors that they consider important to have good results with these fragile infants, as the use of local anesthesia; to perform the procedure in the neonatal intensive care unit, the extrapleural dissection of the ductus, etc. The post-operative care problems are analyzed and this experience is compared with reports from other authors.

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RESUMO

Se describe el procedimiento quirurgico utilizado para ligar el conducto arterioso en diez ninos prematuros con insuficiencia cardiaca y/o respiratoria. Los autores hacen enfasis en aquellos factores tecnicos que consideran de mayor importancia para lograr buenos resultados con el labilidad homeostatica, como son: el uso de anestesia local para la toracotomia, operarlos en su propia incubadora, hacer diseccion extrapleural y otros. Se analiza el cuidado postoperatorio haciendo enfasis en las complicaciones mas frecuentes y su manejo, se compara la experiencia con la obtenida por otros autores

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