RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: In this randomized and prospective research, we aimed to relieve surgical and muscle-related pain early after lumbar disc operations with caudal preemptive analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients with single-level lumbar disc herniation were included in this study. The caudal epidural injection was performed for all patients 20 min before surgery. The patients were divided into three groups. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or tramadol use were recorded. Pre-operative and post-operative pain was interpreted through a visual analog scale. RESULTS: There was a difference between the groups in all post-operative measurements (p < 0.05), between Group 1 and Group 3, and between Group 2 and Group 3. A statistical significance has been achieved between the groups at the 1st h, 2nd h, 4th h, and 24th h (p < 0.05). The difference between the pain intensities of the patients at the 24th h and the 1st week was statistically significant in Groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Evaluation of the effects of medical treatments reduced the severity of back pain and foot pain. CONCLUSION: The preemptive bupivacaine or in combination with methylprednisolone caudal injection is an effective and safe method to reduce post-operative pain and ameliorate functional capacity for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.
OBJETIVO: En esta investigación prospectiva aleatorizada, nuestro objetivo fue aliviar el dolor quirúrgico y muscular temprano después de las operaciones de disco lumbar con analgesia preventiva caudal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: en este estudio se incluyeron un total de 120 pacientes con hernia de disco lumbar de un solo nivel. La inyección epidural caudal se realizó para todos los pacientes 20 minutos antes de la cirugía. Los pacientes fueron divididos en tres grupos. Se registró el uso de AINE o tramadol. El dolor preoperatorio y postoperatorio se interpretó a través de una escala analógica visual. RESULTADOS: Hubo diferencia entre los grupos en todas las medidas postoperatorias (p < 0.05), entre el grupo 1 y el grupo 3, y entre el grupo 2 y el grupo 3. Se ha logrado una significación estadística entre los grupos a la 1a hora, 2a hora, 4 y 24 horas (p < 0.05). La diferencia entre las intensidades de dolor de los pacientes a la hora 24 y la primera semana fue estadísticamente significativa en los Grupos 1 y 2 (p < 0.05). La evaluación de los efectos de los tratamientos médicos redujo la gravedad del dolor de espalda y de pie. CONCLUSIÓN: La bupivacaína preventiva, o en combinación con la inyección caudal de metilprednisolona, es un método eficaz y seguro para reducir el dolor posoperatorio y mejorar la capacidad funcional para el tratamiento de la hernia de disco lumbar.
Assuntos
Anestesia Caudal , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Humanos , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Dor nas Costas/cirurgia , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Discotomia , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Vértebras Lombares/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Abstract Background: The association between periatrial adiposity and atrial arrhythmias has been shown in previous studies. However, there are not enough available data on the association between epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness and parameters of ventricular repolarization. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of EFT thickness with indices of ventricular repolarization by using T-peak to T-end (Tp-e) interval and Tp-e/QT ratio. Methods: The present study included 50 patients whose EFT thickness ≥ 9 mm (group 1) and 40 control subjects with EFT thickness < 9 mm (group 2). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination was performed in all participants. QT parameters, Tp-e intervals and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Results: QTd (41.1 ± 2.5 vs 38.6 ± 3.2, p < 0.001) and corrected QTd (46.7 ± 4.7 vs 43.7 ± 4, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in group 1 when compared to group 2. The Tp-e interval (76.5 ± 6.3, 70.3 ± 6.8, p < 0.001), cTp-e interval (83.1 ± 4.3 vs. 76±4.9, p < 0.001), Tp-e/QT (0.20 ± 0.02 vs. 0.2 ± 0.02, p < 0.001) and Tp-e/QTc ratios (0.2 ± 0.01 vs. 0.18 ± 0.01, p < 0.001) were increased in group 1 in comparison to group 2. Significant positive correlations were found between EFT thickness and Tp-e interval (r = 0.548, p < 0.001), cTp-e interval (r = 0.259, p = 0.01), and Tp-e/QT (r = 0.662, p < 0.001) and Tp-e/QTc ratios (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that Tp-e and cTp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were increased in subjects with increased EFT, which may suggest an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia.
Resumo Fundamento: A associação entre a adiposidade periatrial e arritmias atriais foi demonstrada em estudos anteriores. No entanto, não há dados disponíveis suficientes sobre a associação entre a espessura do tecido adiposo epicárdico (TAE) e parâmetros de repolarização ventricular. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a associação da espessura do TAE com índices de repolarização ventricular usando o intervalo Tpeak-Tend (Tp-e) e a relação Tp-e/QT. Métodos: O presente estudo incluiu 50 pacientes com espessura do TAE ≥ 9 mm (grupo 1) e 40 indivíduos do grupo controle cuja espessura do TAE era < 9 mm (grupo 2). O exame ecocardiográfico transtorácico foi realizado em todos os participantes. Os parâmetros QT, os intervalos Tp-e e a relação Tp-e/QT foram medidos a partir do eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações. Resultados: QTd (41,1 ± 2,5 vs. 38,6 ± 3,2, p < 0,001) e QTd corrigido (46,7 ± 4,7 vs 43,7 ± 4, p = 0,002) foram significativamente maiores no grupo 1 quando comparados com o grupo 2. O intervalo Tp-e (76,5 ± 6,3, 70,3 ± 6,8, p < 0,001), intervalo cTp-e (83,1 ± 4,3 vs. 76 ± 4,9, p < 0,001), as relações Tp-e/QT (0,20 ± 0,02 vs. 0,02 ± 0,2, p < 0,001) e Tp-e/QTc (0,2 ± 0,01 vs. 0,18 ± 0,01, p < 0,001) estavam aumentados no grupo 1 em comparação ao grupo 2. Correlações positivas significativas foram encontrados entre a espessura do TAE e o intervalo Tp-e (r = 0,548, p < 0,001), intervalo cTp-e (r = 0,259, p = 0,01), e as relações Tp-e/QT (r = 0,662, p < 0,001) e Tp-e/QTc (r = 0,560, p < 0,001). Conclusão: O presente estudo mostra que os intervalos Tp-e e cTp-e, e as relações Tp-e/QT e Tp-e/QTc estavam elevados nos indivíduos com TAE aumentado, o que pode sugerir um maior risco de arritmia ventricular.