RESUMO
This study examined the impact of emulsifier type on the physicochemical characteristics and antifungal capacity of oregano oil-in-water emulsions: Tween 80, hydroxylated soy lecithin, and gum arabic. GC/MS analysis showed that the major components of the Lippia graveolens essential oils were thymol (31.7%), p-cymene (18.7%), and carvacrol (14.6%). The oil-in-water emulsions were made using ultrasonic technology in which thymol and carvacrol quantities were 12.26-13.67 g/L and 5.6-6.2 g/L, respectively. The droplet size of the emulsions followed the next descendent order: gum arabic > lecithin > T80. The zeta potential of the emulsions favored the stability against coalescence. Finally, the antifungal activity of the emulsions was evaluated, in which, 30 µL/mL of gum arabic or hydroxylated soy lecithin emulsions inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. The result suggests that Mexican oregano essential oil emulsions can be used as an antifungal against of C. albicans.
RESUMO
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is usually diagnosed in vivo and ex vivo on the basis of delayed hypersensitivity reactions with a complex pool of antigens named bovine tuberculin (PPDB). The IFN-γ release assay (IGRA) for bTB is a blood-based assay that improves detection of infected cattle at early stages that escape skin testing. Improvements to IFN-γ testing with specific proteins have been performed to increase sensitivity. DosR regulon-related antigens are well known mycobacterial proteins expressed during the non-replicative phases of infection, this has been useful to improve the diagnosis of subclinical forms of TB in suspected individuals. Transcripts of DosR genes mb2054c, mb2057c, and mb2660c have been identified by our group in lymph nodes of IFN-γ test negative cattle. This led us to hypothesize that DosR-related proteins may potentiate the IFN-γ response to PPDB in animals with a false negative IFN-γ test, making evident subclinical infection. Three hundred animals were evaluated by means of IGRA and post-mortem microbiological analysis of tissue samples to validate M. bovis infection. We found that 176 out of 300 animals showed an overall increased OD in complemented IGRA with two purified protein cocktails in comparison to PPDB alone, and were scrutinized for a subclinical infection; thirty percent when PPDB was supplemented with a cocktail of four DosR antigens, and 70% when PPDB was supplemented with a cocktail of six antigens (four DosR and two RD1 antigens). Forty five animals showed a substantial IFN-γ overproduction but remained negative, and 40 animals changed the result to a positive test. Only 18 out of 176 IFN-γ high producing animals were also positive to M. bovis isolation. Fifty seven animals with no visible lesions at slaughter and with a negative IGRA test result contained M. bovis DNA in tissue samples. In conclusion, Mb1762c, Mb2054c, Mb2057c, and Mb2660c have the potential to increase sensitivity of the IFN-γ in vitro test for bTB diagnosis when supplemented to PPDB.
Assuntos
Infecções Assintomáticas , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/métodos , Testes de Liberação de Interferon-gama/veterinária , Mycobacterium bovis/imunologia , Tuberculina/imunologia , Tuberculose Bovina/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Bovina/imunologia , Animais , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Bovinos , DNA Bacteriano , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Interferon gama/sangue , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Linfonodos/imunologia , México , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Mycobacterium bovis/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Recombinantes , Regulon , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tuberculose Bovina/microbiologiaRESUMO
Several studies have demonstrated that the serum of patients with cancer contains antibodies that react with a group of autoantigens denominated tumor-associated antigens (TAA). TAA can be detected prior to clinical diagnosis; thus, they would be ideal biomarkers for early detection of cancer, using only a few microliters of a patient's serum. In the current study, we used an immune proteomic approach, combining two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis, Western blot, and matrix-associated laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) methods to identify TAA in the sera of patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Sera were obtained from 36 newly diagnosed patients with stage II breast cancer and those from 36 healthy volunteers were evaluated for the presence of the TAA. Alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) antibodies were detected in 33 of 36 patients with breast cancer (91.7%) and in only 3 of 36 healthy patients (controls, 8.3%). Sensitivity of detection of autoantibodies against AHSG in patients with breast cancer was 91.7%. AHSG was detected in cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry. Our results strongly suggest that the presence of serum autoantibodies against AHSG protein may be useful as serum biomarkers for early-stage breast cancer screening and minimally invasive diagnosis in Mexican populations. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In the present study, 2D immunoblot analysis was used to make a screening in samples of sera from patients with a diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer, in order to identify some autoantibodies that react against TAA. Proteins identified in the present study, particularly alpha 2HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), might be useful as potential biomarkers for breast cancer in early stages for Mexican populations.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/sangue , Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangue , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , alfa-2-Glicoproteína-HS/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , México , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz/métodosRESUMO
Upon oxygen shift-down, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria can induce a genetic program characterized by halted duplication, which is called Non-replicating persistence (NRP). During this phase, at least 48 genes, collectively named Dormancy survival regulator (DosR) regulon, are important for the long-term survival of bacilli under a non-respiring state, a condition that bacilli encounter inside granulomatous lesions. It remains unclear whether expression of NRP genes occurs within the tissue of Mycobacterium bovis naturally infected cattle. In order to start dissecting this question, total RNA from bovine lymph node tissues of sacrificed tuberculin reacting animals was isolated and transcription of genes required for in vivo duplication (esxB and fbpB) and in vitro NRP (hspX, pfkB, and mb2660c) were analyzed by RT-PCR approaches. Detection of transcripts was positive in bovine tissue samples for genes hspX, pfkB, and mb2660c in 84, 32, and 21%, respectively. NRP genes were upregulated even in animals with a negative IFN-γ in vitro test, and the expression of NRP genes occurred more often than expression of the esxB gene.