RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el gasto de bolsillo privado en medicamentos en función de los determinantes sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos. MATERIALES Y MéTODOS: La fuente de datos es la Encuesta de Gasto de Bolsillo en Medicamentos de 2014. Se caracterizó el gasto de bolsillo privado mediante variables explicativas sociodemográficas (SOD) y socioeconómicas (SES). Se hizo análisis factorial por componentes principales, regresión logística y lineal simple. RESULTADOS: Los Odds Ratio demuestran que la educación y la zona geográfica son determinantes fundamentales que inciden en el gasto de bolsillo. Los medicamentos son productos necesarios, en adición a que el gasto de bolsillo aumenta a un promedio del 2% por cada año de vida cronológica adicional. CONCLUSIONES: Existe mayor vulnerabilidad en las zonas más pauperizadas respecto del acceso a medicamentos, en especial en las indígenas e implica un mayor riesgo de gasto catastrófico a menor ingreso ante la mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas.
Assuntos
Gastos em Saúde , Medicamentos sob Prescrição/economia , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Humanos , Panamá , Grupos Populacionais , População RuralRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To characterize the desire for cessation and willingness to pay for abandonment therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: The data source is the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Cessation and willingness to pay were characterized by sociodemographic (SD) and socioeconomic (SE) variables. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate associations. RESULTS:: A greater desire for cessation was observed in variables: women, education, non-governmental and inactive employees, rural areas, occasional smokers and middle income, and greater willingness to pay, in: education, over 60 years old, non-governmental, self-employed, urban area, occasional smokers and low median income. CONCLUSIONS:: There is a high relation between the desire for abandonment, and willingness to pay with SD and SE variables. Cessation therapies can be applied in work centers, and require a change of focus in the intervention.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/economia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panamá , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE:: To characterize the illegal purchase of tobacco products in Panama and the ssocation with sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: Study population derived from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2013. The association of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables with illegal purchase of tobacco products was estimated by means of logistic regression models. RESULTS:: Men, age group 15 to 39, no formal education, non-governmental, inactive employees,current smoking, lowest quintile of income and living in rural areas were factors associated with the illegal purchase of tobacco products. CONCLUSIONS.: Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors play an important role in the illegal purchase of tobacco products. These results suggest the importance of surveillance over illicit trade and of the effective implementation of the current laws.
Assuntos
Comércio , Produtos do Tabaco/economia , Adolescente , Adulto , Comportamento Criminoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panamá , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar la compra ilegal de productos derivados del tabaco y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas. Material y métodos: La fuente de datos es la Encuesta undial de Tabaco en Adultos de 2013. Se caracterizó la compra ilícita mediante variables sociodemográficas (SOD) y socioeconómicas (SES). Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: Se encontraron asociaciones de las variables SOD y SES con compra ilegal, particularmente en hombres; grupo etario de 15 a 39 años, educación no formal, empleado de gobierno e inactivos, área urbana, fumador diario y en el primer quintil de ingresos. Conclusiones: Las variables SOD y SES influyen en la compra ilícita. Es importante la vigilancia del comercio ilícito en el segmento minorista y la aplicación efectiva de las normas vigentes.
Abstract: Objective: To characterize the illegal purchase of tobacco products in Panama and the ssocation with sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables. Materials and methods: Study population derived from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2013. The association of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables with illegal purchase of tobacco products was estimated by means of logistic regression models. Results: Men, age group 15 to 39, no formal education, non-governmental, inactive employees,current smoking, lowest quintile of income and living in rural areas were factors associated with the illegal purchase of tobacco products. Conclusions. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors play an important role in the illegal purchase of tobacco products. These results suggest the importance of surveillance over illicit trade and of the effective implementation of the current laws.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Comércio , Produtos do Tabaco/economia , Panamá , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Comportamento CriminosoRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Caracterizar el deseo de cesación y disposición al pago por una terapia de abandono de consumo de tabaco. Material y métodos: La fuente de los datos es la Encuesta Mundial de Tabaco en Adultos (EMTA). Se caracterizó la cesación y la disposición al pago mediante variables sociodemográficas (SOD) y socioeconómicas (SES). Se realizaron regresiones logísticas para estimar asociaciones. Resultados: El mayor deseo de cesación se observó en las mujeres, aspecto educativo, empleado no gubernamental e inactivo, zona rural, fumadores ocasionales, ingresos medios y la mayor disposición al pago, en educación, mayores de 60 años, empleado no gubernamental y cuenta propia, zona urbana, fumadores ocasionales e ingreso medio bajo. Conclusiones: Existe una alta relación entre el deseo de abandono y la disposición al pago con las variables SOD y SES. Las terapias de cesación pueden aplicarse en centros de trabajo y exigen un cambio de enfoque en la intervención.
Abstract: Objective: To characterize the desire for cessation and willingness to pay for abandonment therapy. Materials and methods: The data source is the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Cessation and willingness to pay were characterized by sociodemographic (SD) and socioeconomic (SE) variables. Logistic regressions were performed to estimate associations. Results: A greater desire for cessation was observed in variables: women, education, non-governmental and inactive employees, rural areas, occasional smokers and middle income, and greater willingness to pay, in: education, over 60 years old, non-governmental, self-employed, urban area, occasional smokers and low median income. Conclusions: There is a high relation between the desire for abandonment, and willingness to pay with SD and SE variables. Cessation therapies can be applied in work centers, and require a change of focus in the intervention.