RESUMO
Reactive oxygen species derived from abdominal fat and uncontrolled glucose metabolism are contributing factors to both oxidative stress and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of daily administration of an oral glycine supplement on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in MetS patients. The study included 60 volunteers: 30 individuals that were supplemented with glycine (15 g/day) and 30 that were given a placebo for 3 months. We analysed thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in plasma; the enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes; and the expression of CAT, GPX, and SOD2 in leukocytes. Individuals treated with glycine showed a 25% decrease in TBARS compared with the placebo-treated group. Furthermore, there was a 20% reduction in SOD-specific activity in the glycine-treated group, which correlated with SOD2 expression. G6PD activity and SNO-Hb levels increased in the glycine-treated male group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) also showed a significant decrease in the glycine-treated men (p = 0.043). Glycine plays an important role in balancing the redox reactions in the human body, thus protecting against oxidative damage in MetS patients.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Glicina/administração & dosagem , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Catalase/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/sangue , Glutationa Peroxidase/sangue , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/sangue , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Sístole , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate dyslipidemia prevalence and its association with insulin resistance in a cohort of apparently healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,179 donors ages 35 to 65 years. The sample population was comprised of 71% men, with an average age of 44 +/- 7. Clinical records, anthropometric data, lipid profile, fasting glycaemia, and insulin levels were obtained. RESULTS: Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 57.3%, C-HDL under normal limits was 52.4%, and hypercholesterolemia was 48.7%. In addition, 36.8% of the obese individuals (as measured by waist perimeter) had hypertriglyceridemia/hypoalphalipoproteinemia, 35.2% had mixed dyslipidemia, and 33.4% had hypertriglyceridemia. Patterns of dyslipidemia were higher in subjects diagnosed with insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia was common among our studied population. However, a significant proportion of cases of apparent healthy individuals continue to go undiagnosed.
Assuntos
Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Adulto , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Jejum/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Hipoalfalipoproteinemias/sangue , Hipoalfalipoproteinemias/epidemiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Urbana , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia de las dislipidemias en una población de sujetos en apariencia sanos y su relación con la resistencia a la insulina (RI). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio transversal que incluyó a 1 179 individuos, donadores voluntarios de 35 a 65 años. Se obtuvo el historial clínico y se realizaron examen físico, determinación del perfil de lípidos, glucemia y niveles de insulina en ayuno. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 44 ± 7 años; 836 (71 por ciento) correspondían al género masculino. La prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia fue de 57.3 por ciento, hipoalfalipoproteinemia de 52.4 por ciento e hipercolesterolemia de 48.7 por ciento. De los sujetos con obesidad (perímetro de cintura aumentado), 36.8 por ciento tenía hipertrigliceridemia/hipoalfalipoproteinemia, 35.2 por ciento dislipidemia mixta y 33.4 por ciento hipertrigliceridemia. La prevalencia de los patrones de dislipidemias fue mayor en sujetos con RI. CONCLUSIONES: La hipertrigliceridemia e hipoalfalipoproteinemia, vinculadas con RI, son comunes en la población mexicana; empero, una considerable proporción de casos carece de diagnóstico.
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate dyslipidemia prevalence and its association with insulin resistance in a cohort of apparently healthy subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1 179 donors ages 35 to 65 years. The sample population was comprised of 71 percent men, with an average age of 44 ± 7. Clinical records, anthropometric data, lipid profile, fasting glycaemia, and insulin levels were obtained. RESULTS: Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 57.3 percent, C-HDL under normal limits was 52.4 percent, and hypercholesterolemia was 48.7 percent. In addition, 36.8 percent of the obese individuals (as measured by waist perimeter) had hypertriglyceridemia/hypoalphalipoproteinemia, 35.2 percent had mixed dyslipidemia, and 33.4 percent had hypertriglyceridemia. Patterns of dyslipidemia were higher in subjects diagnosed with insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance associated with hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia was common among our studied population. However, a significant proportion of cases of apparent healthy individuals continue to go undiagnosed.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dislipidemias/epidemiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Glicemia/análise , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Jejum/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiologia , Hipoalfalipoproteinemias/sangue , Hipoalfalipoproteinemias/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Urbana , Circunferência da CinturaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Association between metabolic syndrome (MS) risk factors was analyzed to establish optimum waist perimeter (WP) cutoff points for a Latin American cluster. METHODS: There were 1036 clinically healthy Mexican subjects without a history of CVD. Their full medical history and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Diagnosis of MS was classified by both the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association (AHA-NHLBI) definitions. The optimum WP cutoff point was defined through one-way ANOVA, homogeneity and chi(2) test of dependency, and receiver operator characteristic analysis (ROC). RESULTS: WP cutoff points suggested by the IDF (> or =90 cm in men, > or =80 cm in women) and AHA-NHLBI (> or =102 cm in men, > or =88 cm in women) showed a weak association with the other MS risk factors. By using the cutoff point of > or =98 cm for men and > or =84 cm for women, we obtained maximum sensitivity and specificity values by ROC analysis. These cutoff points defined as the Mexican Waist Perimeter Proposal (MxWPP) significantly change the prevalence of MS in contrast with the IDF and AHA-NHLBI. CONCLUSIONS: Applying the MxWPP new criteria enhances the capability to more accurately detect subjects with MS risk in an apparent healthy Latin American cluster.
Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The evolution and development of currently known organisms, comprised their change and adaptation from the reducing atmosphere to an oxidizing one. The adaptive changes show that some processes were developed to take advantage of the oxidizing atmosphere efficiently. The most important adaptive change was the efficiency in the energy production of aerobic organisms. Some toxic wastes of this process, known as reactive oxygen species, have deleterious functions when modifying and damaging structural and metabolic components of the cells. For this reason, in a parallel way, the processes of evolutionary adaptation included the formation of antioxidant compounds to protect cells from oxidative damage. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances these reactive oxygen species can have paradoxical functions such as the induction of proliferation and cellular death, which occurs in cancer and apoptosis.